Attitudes of Physicians in Jordan Towards Non-Disclosure of Health Information.

OBJECTIVES: This report aims to investigate the attitudes of physicians in Jordan towards non-disclosure of health information among physicians, with a focus on those who are 'always truthful' and those who are not. METHODS: The report is based on the second subset of data from a cross-sectional study-conducted between January and August 2016-of the truth disclosure practices among and attitudes of physicians in Jordan. The sample consisted of 240 physicians selected from four major hospitals by stratified random sampling and invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding truth disclosure attitudes. The attitudes of physicians who were 'always truthful' were compared with those who were not. RESULTS: A total of 164 physicians (response rate: 68%) completed the questionnaire. Of these, 17 (10%) were 'always truthful', while the remaining 144 (90%) were not. Physicians who were 'always truthful' were more likely to indicate that non-disclosure is 'unethical' (77% versus 39%; P = 0.009). Moreover, physicians who were 'always truthful' were more likely to disagree that non-disclosure is beneficial for the physical and psychological health of patients (82% versus 55%; P = 0.03). Most of the surveyed physicians agreed that all patients have the right to know their diagnosis, most patients prefer to know their diagnosis and the introduction of legislation to enforce disclosure would positively affect medical practice in Jordan. CONCLUSION: The differential attitudes of physicians who were 'always truthful' and those who were 'not always truthful' suggests a rationale behind independent non-disclosure; namely, that non-disclosure is ethically justifiable and beneficial for the physical and psychological health of patients.

Truth Disclosure Practices of Physicians in Jordan.

Disclosure of health information is a sensitive matter, particularly in the context of serious illness. In conservative societies-those which predominate in the developing world-direct truth disclosure undoubtedly presents an ethical conundrum to the modern physician. The aim of this study is to explore the truth disclosure practices of physicians in Jordan, a developing country. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 240 physicians were initially selected by stratified random sampling. The sample was drawn from four major hospitals in Amman, Jordan. A closed-ended questionnaire was distributed and completed by self-report. A total of 164 physicians completed the questionnaire. Thirty-seven physicians (23 per cent) usually withheld the diagnosis of "serious illness" from patients, while 127 physicians (77 per cent) usually divulged the information directly. Among the latter, 108 physicians (86 per cent) made exceptions to their disclosure policy. Specialists were more likely to withhold health information (p = 0.04998). Non-disclosure was primarily motivated by request from the patient's family (seventy-one participants, 54 per cent). In twenty cases (15 per cent), non-disclosure was undertaken independently. In conclusion, most respondents opt to disclose the truth; however, the vast majority of these respondents make exceptions. Instances of non-disclosure are primarily motivated by sociocultural constructs.

Influence of demographic factors, knowledge, and beliefs on Jordanian women's intention to undergo mammography screening.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of demographic characteristics, breast cancer knowledge, fatalistic beliefs, health beliefs, and subjective norms on Jordanian women's intention to participate in mammography screening. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data at 14 comprehensive healthcare centers in Amman and Zarqa, Jordan. A convenience sample of 142 Jordanian women 40 years of age or older with no history of breast cancer and able to read and write in Arabic participated. METHODS: Self-report surveys included a combination of researcher-designed and existing instruments to measure the study variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, t tests, and multiple logistic regression. FINDINGS: Jordanian women surveyed lacked knowledge about breast cancer. Social norms and self-efficacy highly influenced these women's intention to engage in mammography screening. Younger women were more willing to indicate intention to engage in mammographic screening. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy and the social connectedness of Jordanian society, but not religious beliefs or perceived barriers to screening, influence Jordanian women's intention to undergo mammography. Future research should examine cultural influences, rather than religious beliefs, and investigate Jordanian women's potentially unique perspectives on barriers to actual mammography screening behavior. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The prevalence of mammography screening may be enhanced by focusing interventions on Jordanian women's support systems and empowering women by providing knowledge and skills needed to engage in the procedure.

Family caregivers and cancer pain management: a review.

Due to the critical role of family caregivers in cancer pain management, this systematic review was undertaken to examine what is known about of their experiences and needs. Searches were conducted using electronic databases, and research reports from 1991 to 2007 were analyzed using a matrix method. Family caregivers were actively engaged in assisting with pain management and experienced significant needs and concerns related to this role. Myths and fears about opioid use remain widespread across cultures studied and across care settings. Family caregivers need education about pain management, training in problem-solving skills, and recognition from providers about their role in pain management. When clinicians better understand and respond to the needs of the family caregivers, they can enhance the quality of life and care outcomes for both patients and their caregivers.