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1.
Aust Vet J ; 76(8): 565-9, 1998 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9741727

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of claims that heavy metal contamination from an open-cut mine caused the death of 226 cattle on a nearby farm over a period of 18 months, and to investigate other possible contributing factors. PROCEDURE: A retrospective assessment of previous investigations combined with additional chemical analyses. RESULTS: Extensive chemical analyses produced no evidence of heavy metal contamination associated with the mine. Analysis of bones indicated exposure to fluoride in greater than normal amounts. The main source of fluoride seems to have been gypsum that was included in a feed supplement and also ingested from fertiliser dumps on paddocks. The gypsum itself may have contributed significantly to the ill health. Other factors probably affected some classes of animals, notably the young calves. CONCLUSIONS: What originally seemed to be a disease problem of single aetiology probably was an expression of interacting multifactorial causes. This investigation has highlighted the potential toxicity of gypsum to livestock and the need for further studies to establish its basis.


Subject(s)
Calcium Sulfate/poisoning , Cattle Diseases/chemically induced , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Fertilizers/poisoning , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Feed/poisoning , Animals , Animals, Suckling , Bone and Bones/chemistry , Calcium Sulfate/analysis , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/mortality , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Dietary Supplements/poisoning , Female , Fluoride Poisoning/etiology , Fluoride Poisoning/veterinary , Fluorides/analysis , Fluorine/analysis , Male , New South Wales/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
2.
Aust Vet J ; 66(9): 279-85, 1989 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2573333

ABSTRACT

A field grazing trial was undertaken to monitor the health and production of crossbred sheep grazing pasture where Echium plantagineum constituted a considerable proportion of the available forage. The trial, conducted for 19 months over successive grazing seasons, demonstrated a significant difference in production, with sheep on the E. plantagineum pasture being lighter and growing less wool compared with sheep on Echium-free pasture. No mortalities involving pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning were recorded in sheep grazing E. plantagineum, although there was histological evidence of moderately severe liver damage associated with high liver copper concentrations in at least one sheep following the grazing of large quantities of the plant.


Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/veterinary , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/poisoning , Sheep Diseases/etiology , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Biopsy , Body Weight , Copper/metabolism , Copper/poisoning , Female , Liver Diseases/etiology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Nutritive Value , Plant Poisoning/pathology , Plants, Toxic/metabolism , Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/metabolism , Seasons , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Wool , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood
4.
Aust Vet J ; 63(1): 13-6, 1986 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3954686

ABSTRACT

A survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematode populations on 40 commercial farms distributed throughout the central tablelands of New South Wales. Representatives of the 2 major groups of broad spectrum anthelmintics with different modes of action (thiabendazole and levamisole) were used at the manufacturer's recommended dose rates. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of the reduction in faecal strongyle egg counts 7 days after treatment. An efficacy of less than 90% using both anthelmintics was obtained on 4 farms. Thiabendazole had an efficacy of less than 90% on a further 21 farms and levamisole had an efficacy of less than 90% on an additional 4 farms. There was no evidence of anthelmintic resistance on 8 farms, while the remaining 3 had insignificant parasite burdens. Based on larval cultures from faeces, Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus were the most significant species in resistant populations. Haemonchus burdens were sporadic and levels of resistance relatively low. Nematodirus burdens were widespread but no evidence of resistance was detected.


Subject(s)
Levamisole/therapeutic use , Sheep Diseases/parasitology , Thiabendazole/therapeutic use , Trichostrongyloidea/drug effects , Animals , Drug Resistance , Feces/parasitology , Haemonchus/drug effects , Parasite Egg Count , Sheep/parasitology , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Trichostrongylus/drug effects
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