ABSTRACT
This focus article has been prepared by Arthur Otter of the APHA Cattle Expert Group and Anna Brzozowska of the Surveillance Intelligence Unit.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Otters , Pneumonia , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Pneumonia/veterinary , Sentinel Surveillance/veterinary , United Kingdom/epidemiologyABSTRACT
This focus article has been prepared by Arthur Otter of the APHA Cattle Expert Group.
Subject(s)
Animals, Suckling , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Sentinel Surveillance/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , United Kingdom/epidemiologySubject(s)
Salicylanilides/toxicity , Sheep Diseases/chemically induced , Animals , Drinking , SheepSubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/epidemiology , United Kingdom/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in diverse mammalian species including humans and ruminants. As little is known on the link between strains and clinicopathological phenotypes, we studied potential strain-associated virulence and organ tropism in L. monocytogenes isolates from well-defined ruminant cases of clinical infections and the farm environment. The phylogeny of isolates and their virulence-associated genes were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and sequence analysis of virulence-associated genes. Additionally, a panel of representative isolates was subjected to in vitro infection assays. Our data suggest the environmental exposure of ruminants to a broad range of strains and yet the strong association of sequence type (ST) 1 from clonal complex (CC) 1 with rhombencephalitis, suggesting increased neurotropism of ST1 in ruminants, which is possibly related to its hypervirulence. This study emphasizes the importance of considering clonal background of L. monocytogenes isolates in surveillance, epidemiological investigation and disease control.
Subject(s)
Infectious Encephalitis/veterinary , Listeria monocytogenes/classification , Listeriosis/veterinary , Virulence Factors/genetics , Animals , Cattle , Goats , Infectious Encephalitis/microbiology , Listeria monocytogenes/genetics , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity , Listeriosis/microbiology , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Phylogeny , Rhombencephalon/microbiology , Ruminants/microbiology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , SheepSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Mastitis, Bovine/diagnosis , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Female , Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology , Milk/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Mycoplasma bovis/isolation & purification , United Kingdom/epidemiologySubject(s)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/prevention & control , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Animals , Cattle , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/epidemiology , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Viral Vaccines/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/virology , Mammary Glands, Animal/virology , Mastitis, Bovine/virology , Parapoxvirus/isolation & purification , Poxviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Female , Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Poxviridae Infections/pathology , Poxviridae Infections/virology , United KingdomSubject(s)
Animal Feed/microbiology , Beta vulgaris/microbiology , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Yersinia Infections/veterinary , Animals , Female , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Sheep Diseases/pathology , Soil Microbiology , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Yersinia Infections/epidemiology , Yersinia Infections/pathology , ZoonosesSubject(s)
Food Contamination/analysis , Lead Poisoning/veterinary , Refuse Disposal/methods , Wood , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/etiology , Chickens , Lead Poisoning/epidemiology , Lead Poisoning/etiology , Poultry Diseases/epidemiology , Poultry Diseases/etiology , United Kingdom/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Enterocolitis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was identified by bacterial culture and histopathology in a 5-month old suckler calf. No other significant enteric pathogens were detected. Diagnosis of this condition can be missed if selective media are not used for bacteriology and if histopathology is not attempted or the alimentary tract is unsuitable for examination. This is the first case report of Y. pseudotuberculosis infection in a calf in the United Kingdom.
