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1.
Radiographics ; 44(6): e230175, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38722785

ABSTRACT

The most common abdominal malignancies diagnosed in the pediatric population include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There are distinctive imaging findings and patterns of spread for each of these tumors that radiologists must know for diagnosis and staging and for monitoring the patient's response to treatment. The multidisciplinary treatment group that includes oncologists, surgeons, and radiation oncologists relies heavily on imaging evaluation to identify the best treatment course and prognostication of imaging findings, such as the image-defined risk factors for neuroblastomas, the PRETreatment EXtent of Disease staging system for hepatoblastoma, and the Ann Arbor staging system for lymphomas. It is imperative for radiologists to be able to correctly indicate the best imaging methods for diagnosis, staging, and restaging of each of these most prevalent tumors to avoid inconclusive or unnecessary examinations. The authors review in a practical manner the most updated key points in diagnosing and staging disease and assessing response to treatment of the most common pediatric abdominal tumors. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.


Subject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms , Neoplasm Staging , Pelvic Neoplasms , Humans , Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Neoplasms/therapy , Child , Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Hepatoblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Hepatoblastoma/therapy , Hepatoblastoma/pathology
2.
Radiol Bras ; 54(5): 336-340, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34602670

ABSTRACT

Vanishing bone metastasis (pseudopathological vertebral body enhancement) is a pitfall in the interpretation of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with thoracic vein obstruction, mainly in the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins, typically being related to thrombosis due to malignant tumors. On the basis of the CT findings, pseudopathological vertebral body enhancement can be misdiagnosed as sclerotic bone metastasis, leading to unnecessary treatment. Although not rare, pseudopathological vertebral body enhancement is usually underdiagnosed by radiologists. The aim of this study is to review the pathophysiology of this phenomenon, illustrating the most common collateral venous pathways in thoracic vein obstruction and making the correlation with the CT findings.


Vanishing bone metastasis é um pitfall na tomografia computadorizada (TC) com contraste em pacientes com obstrução das veias torácicas, principalmente das veias cava superior e braquiocefálica, geralmente ocasionada por tumores malignos. Na TC, aparece como um realce pseudopatológico do corpo vertebral e pode ser erroneamente interpretado como metástase óssea esclerótica, levando a tratamento desnecessário. Embora não seja raro, esse achado geralmente é subdiagnosticado pelos radiologistas. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar a fisiopatologia desse fenômeno, ilustrando as vias venosas colaterais mais comuns na obstrução da veia torácica e correlacionar com os achados da TC.

3.
Radiol. bras ; 54(5): 336-340, Sept.-Oct. 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340576

ABSTRACT

Abstract Vanishing bone metastasis (pseudopathological vertebral body enhancement) is a pitfall in the interpretation of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with thoracic vein obstruction, mainly in the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins, typically being related to thrombosis due to malignant tumors. On the basis of the CT findings, pseudopathological vertebral body enhancement can be misdiagnosed as sclerotic bone metastasis, leading to unnecessary treatment. Although not rare, pseudopathological vertebral body enhancement is usually underdiagnosed by radiologists. The aim of this study is to review the pathophysiology of this phenomenon, illustrating the most common collateral venous pathways in thoracic vein obstruction and making the correlation with the CT findings.


Resumo Vanishing bone metastasis é um pitfall na tomografia computadorizada (TC) com contraste em pacientes com obstrução das veias torácicas, principalmente das veias cava superior e braquiocefálica, geralmente ocasionada por tumores malignos. Na TC, aparece como um realce pseudopatológico do corpo vertebral e pode ser erroneamente interpretado como metástase óssea esclerótica, levando a tratamento desnecessário. Embora não seja raro, esse achado geralmente é subdiagnosticado pelos radiologistas. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar a fisiopatologia desse fenômeno, ilustrando as vias venosas colaterais mais comuns na obstrução da veia torácica e correlacionar com os achados da TC.

4.
Rev. med. (Säo Paulo) ; 92(2): 128-133, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-730754

ABSTRACT

A sexualidade, apesar de sua relevância no âmbito da promoção da saúde, é pouco abordada durante os cursos de graduação e por profissionais da saúde na prática clínica. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o projeto “Sexo sem Tabu”, realizado por alunos do primeiro ano do curso de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, dentro da proposta da disciplina “Atenção Primária à Saúde I”. Após delineamento do tema e revisão literária, foram executados dois dias de intervenção. Baseados em dinâmicas propostas pelo Ministério da Saúde, discutimos sexualidade e temas correlatos em saúde, com pequenos grupos de alunos de uma escola técnica na cidade de São Paulo. Dentre os alunos participantes, 115/117 (98,3%) disseram ter dúvidas solucionadas durante a discussão e 114/117 (97,4%) consideraram que as informações que foram trazidas eram relevantes para suas vidas. Os alunos da Faculdade de Medicina relataram a oportunidade de treinar várias habilidades afetivas e cognitivas como habilidades de comunicação, desenvoltura, capacidade de lidar com o imprevisto, além de reconhecer que a abordagem da sexualidade não se restringe aos aspectos relacionados às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, mas também a questões emocionais, morais e fisiológicas. Em conclusão, esta ação comunitária, com foco em promoção da saúde dos adolescentes e abordando o tema da sexualidade, trouxe resultados positivos para os alunos do ensino médio e para a formação profissional dos estudantes de medicina.


Although sexuality has an evident importance in health promotion, it is rarely discussed during undergraduate courses or assessed by health professionals during clinical practice. The aim of this article is to describe the “Sexo sem Tabu” project, a community action realized by first year medical students from the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, during the course “Primary Care I” (“Atenção Primária à Saúde I”). After establishing project design and adequate literature review, we realized two days of community action. Based on dynamics proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, we discussed sexuality and other related health topics within small groups of students from a technical high school in the city of São Paulo. Among high school participants, 115/117 (98.3%) considered that they had their doubts solved during the discussion and 114/117(97.4%) found the information was relevant for their lives. First year medical students documented the opportunity to train several cognitive and affective abilities such as communication, resourcefulness, and how to interact in uncontrolled situations. Furthermore, they recognized that sexuality was not restricted to sexually transmitted diseases, but included emotional, ethical and physiological issues. Concluding, this community action, focused on health promotion for teenagers assessing themes on sexuality, brought positive results for high school students and for the training of medical students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Education, Medical , Students, Medical , Community Participation , Health Promotion , Adolescent Health , Sexuality
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