Different Crises, Different Patterns of Trauma. The Impact of a Social Crisis and the COVID-19 Health Pandemic on a High Violence Area.

BACKGOUND: Santiago, Chile underwent two separate periods of crisis over the past year. The first period, the 'social crisis,' extended over thirteen weeks in late 2019 into early 2020 due to protests over income inequality and the government response to social unrest. The second period, the 'health crisis,' began in March 2020 with Chile's first case of COVID-19 and escalated rapidly to include 'stay at home orders,' traffic restrictions, and the shuttering of most businesses. We wished to evaluate the impact of these crisis periods on trauma epidemiology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the South-East Metropolitan Health Service Trauma Registry. Trauma admissions, operative volume, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated during the crisis period and the year prior. RESULTS: The social crisis saw increased levels of trauma, both blunt and penetrating, relative to the time period immediately preceding. The health crisis saw an increase in penetrating trauma with a concomitant decline in blunt trauma. Both crisis periods had decreased levels of trauma, overall, compared to the year prior. There were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital trauma mortality. CONCLUSION: Different crises may have different patterns of trauma. Crisis periods that include extended periods of lockdown and curfew may lead to increasing penetrating trauma volume. Governments and health officials should anticipate the aggregate impact of these measures on public health and develop strategies to actively mitigate them. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Clampeamiento hepático prolongado: una alternativa en el trauma hepático severo / Clampeamiento prolonged liver: an alternative in severe hepatic trauma

Exponer la experiencia en el manejo del trauma hepático con clampeamiento prolongado, en el Servicio de Cirugía Uno. Hospital General del Este "Dr. Domingo Luciani". Paciente masculino de 28 años que ingresa a la Unidad de Politraumatizados (UPT) posterior a accidente en motocicleta. Hemodinámicamente estable, examen físico, tórax: murmullo vesicular disminuido en base derecha y abdomen; signos de irritación peritoneal, Rx de tórax hemoneumotórax y fractura del tercero al séptimo arcos costales derechos; toracotomía mínima que drena abundante burbujeo y 500 cc serohemático, FAST: moderada cantidad de líquido libre. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora con hallazgos de: hemoperitoneo 3000cc y lesión hepática grado IV; se realiza primera fase de control de daños, con clampeamiento y empaquetamiento hepático como estrategia para el control de la hemorragia; y cierre abreviado. Segunda fase de control de daños en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) durante 48 horas, posterior a lo cual, se realiza tercera fase de control de daños, con hallazgos de ausencia de hemoperitoneo, 100cc de secreción biliar, lesión en segmento VIII hepático no sangrante. Se retiran comprensas y clamps hemostático lavado, drenaje de cavidad y cierre con puntos de tensión. Evoluciona satisfactoriamente, egresando de la UTI, complicado con fístula biliar resuelta con papilotomía electiva en el postoperatorio tardio.