Sex-based differences in brain morphometry under chronic stress: A pilot MRI study.

Background: Sex-based differences are known to be a significant feature of chronic stress; however, the morphological mechanisms of the brain underlying these differences remain unclear. The present study aimed to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate the effects of sex on gray matter volume (GMV) changes under conditions of chronic stress. Methods: A total of 32 subjects were included for analysis in the present study: 16 participants experiencing chronic stress and 16 healthy controls. T1-weighted (T1WI) images from a 3 T MRI scanner were extracted from the OpenfMRI database. Images were segmented into gray matter using VBM analysis. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 2 × 2 full factorial design was used to evaluate the main and interaction effects of chronic stress and sex on GMV changes, and then post hoc testing was used to verify each simple effect. Results: Two-way ANOVA showed a chronic stress × sex interaction effect on GMV. Simple effects analysis indicated that the GMV of the bilateral pre- and post-central gyri, the right cuneus and superior occipital gyrus was decreased in males, whereas that of the bilateral pre- and post-central gyri, the right superior occipital gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus and orbital middle frontal gyrus was increased in females, under chronic stress. Additionally, in the control group, the GMV of the bilateral pre- and post-central gyri, the right cuneus and superior occipital gyrus was greater in males than females. While in the chronic stress group, the above sex-based differences were no longer significant. Conclusions: This study preliminarily shows that there are significant differences in gray matter volume changes between males and females under chronic stress. These findings provide a basis for future studies investigating the volumetric mechanisms of sex differences under chronic stress.

The application of machine learning techniques in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recently becomes one of the most important mental health concerns. However, no previous study has comprehensively reviewed the application of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques in PTSD. We found 873 studies meet the inclusion criteria and a total of 31 of those in a sample of 210,001 were included in quantitative analysis. ML algorithms were able to discriminate PTSD with an overall accuracy of 0.89. Pooled estimates of classification accuracy from multi-dimensional data (0.96) are higher than single data types (0.86 to 0.90). ML techniques can effectively classify PTSD and models using multi-dimensional data perform better than those using single data types. While selecting optimal combinations of data types and ML algorithms to be clinically applied at the individual level still remains a big challenge, these findings provide insights into the classification, identification, diagnosis and treatment of PTSD.

[Mechanism of Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in treatment of mild dyslipidemia: based on clinical metabolomics and proteomics].

This study aims to explore the potential metabolic pathways and targets of Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in the clinical treatment of mild dyslipidemia. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and EASY-nLC-timsTOF-Pro2 were employed to perform metabolomic and proteomic analyses of the plasma samples collected from the patients with mild dyslipidemia at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with Puerariae Thomsonii Radix. The multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for comparison between groups, and the correlation analysis was performed for the metabolites and proteins closely related to mild dyslipidemia with the blood lipid indexes. The possible pathways and targets for mitigating mild dyslipidemia were screened out by the Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results showed that 56 differential metabolites and 78 differential proteins in the plasma of patients were associated with Puerariae Thomsonii Radix treatment. In addition, changes were detected for the proteins or metabolites(ApoB-100, 9,10-DHOME, GAPDH, PGK1, PGAM1, ENO1, etc.) involved in lipoprotein, lipid, and glucose metabolism and the proteins or metabolites(oxidized phospholipid, PLA2G7, LTA4H, etc.) related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Puerariae Thomsonii Radix may down-regulate the overexpression of ApoB-100, activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ(PPARα/γ), promote the catabolism of fat and glycerol, and alleviate the oxidative stress mediated by oxidized phospholipids and leukotriene B4(LTB4) in the treatment of mild dyslipidemia.

Nitrogen migration and transformation during re-suspension and photo-induction in landscape water replenished by reclaimed water.

Sediment re-suspension plays a crucial role in releasing endogenous nitrogen and greenhouse gases in shallow urban waters. However, the impacts of repeated re-suspension and photo-induced processes on migration and transformation from endogenous nitrogen, as well as the emission of greenhouse gases, remain unclear. This study simulated three conditions: re-suspension (Rs), re-suspension combined with ultravioletirradiation (Rs + UV), and ultraviolet irradiation (UV). The findings revealed that both repeated sediment re-suspension and exposure to UV light altered the characteristics of surface sediments. Decrease of convertible nitrogen in sediments, leading to the release of ion-exchangeable nitrogen (IEF-N) into NH4+-N and NO3--N, influenced greenhouse gas production differently under various conditions. The study observed the highest concentration of dissolved N2O in under UV irradiation, positively correlated with NO2--N and NO3--N. Re-suspension increased the turbidity of the overlying water and accelerated nitrification, resulting in the highest NO3--N concentration and the lowest dissolved N2O concentration. Additionally, in the Rs + UV dissolved N2O maintained the higher concentrations than in Rs, with greatest amount of N conversion in surface sediments, and a 59.45% reduction in IEF-N. The production of N2O during re-suspension was mainly positively correlated with NH4+-N in the overlying water. Therefore, this study suggest that repeated re-suspension and light exposure significantly influence nitrogen migration and transformation processes in sediment, providing a theoretical explanation for the eutrophication of water and greenhouse gas emissions.

Network analysis of the comorbidity between post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic pointed out significant mental symptoms of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs). Objective: We aimed to estimate the prevalence and comorbidity of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression and anxiety symptoms in HCWs from Fangcang shelter hospitals during the pandemic. Design: Demographic information, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) were obtained online based on stratified random sampling design during April 2022, with 284 eligible responses. Method: Hierarchical regression analyses were applied to investigate independent variables associated with psychological status outcomes (PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PCL-5), and the network analyses were applied to explore the comorbidity using all items of PCL-5, PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Results: (1) 10.56%, 13.03% and 8.10% of HCWs reported PTSS, depression and anxiety symptoms. Fifty-three (18.66%) HCWs experienced at least one mental health disorder, among which 26.42-37.74% HCWs had comorbidity of two or three mental disorders; (2) several influence factors of mental health were identified, including medical professions, working hours, contacted patients (p < 0.05); (3) prominent bridge symptoms between PTSS and depression were sleep problems, suicide ideation, concentration difficulties and recklessness. Comorbidity between PTSS and anxiety was thought to mainly stem from negative affect, such as afraid, anxious, annoyed and worrying. Depressed mood and worry might be good targets during treatment of comorbidity of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Our data suggest mild level of PTSS, depression and anxiety symptoms among HCWs during the pandemic and might give novel insights into assessment and intervention of comorbidity.

Pulchinenoside B4 ameliorates oral ulcers in rats by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.

Pulchinenoside B4, a natural saponin monomer from the Pulsatilla plant, plays an important role as an immunomodulator in the treatment of acute inflammation. Oral ulcer (OU) is a common ulcerative injury disease that occurs in the oral mucosa, including mucosal ulceration and abnormalities of lips and tongue. A close correlation exists between gut microbiota and circulating metabolites in patients with OU. However, the correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolomics is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in OU. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing was used to detect the changes in the composition of gut microbiota in OU rat model. Moreover, the endogenous small metabolites were explored by collecting the non-targeted serum metabolomics data. A total of 34 OU-related biomarkers were identified, mainly related to fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. The administration of B4 effectively reduced the occurrence of OU and restored the levels of multiple endogenous biomarkers and key gut microbial species to the normal level. This study demonstrated that the gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in the OU rat model, which were significantly restored to the normal level by B4, thereby showing good application prospects in the treatment of OU. KEY POINTS: • The first investigating the correlation between OU and gut microbiota. • A close correlation between metabolites and gut microbiota in OU disease was successfully identified. • Pulchinenoside B4 ameliorates oral ulcers in rats by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.

[Traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions: current situation and inspirations on research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine preparations].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations in medical institutions embody the characteristics of TCM and are the source for the development of new TCM drugs. This study summarizes the current situation, existing problems, and development trends of the TCM preparations in medical institutions in 31 provinces across China. Furthermore, this paper puts forward the development path of new TCM preparations based on the requirements of registration and management regulations of TCM preparations, providing new ideas for promoting the inheritance, innovation, and development of TCM.

Attentional bias modification and attention control training in PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlighted the effect of maladaptive cognitive processing in the development and maintenance of PTSD. PTSD is related to attentional bias (AB) toward threatening stimuli and greater attentional bias variability (ABV). Attentional bias modification (ABM) and attention control training (ACT) have demonstrated the effect of improving PTSD, but the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are controversial. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the extent of evidence supporting the efficacy of ABM in the treatment of PTSD. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PUBMED, PsycINFO, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for articles published between 1980 and 2022. RCTs of ABM for adult participants with PTSD symptoms were identified. The primary outcome was changes in PTSD severity, and the second outcome was changes in AB and ABV. Trial quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Publication bias was assessed using the Doi plot and Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index. Results: Eight RCTs comparing the effect of ABM to ACT were included in the review, and six studies were meta-analyzed. Meta-analysis favored ACT in improving PTSD symptoms and ABV, and the effect size was large. ABM and ACT demonstrated similar effects in improving AB. Conclusion: ACT should not only be seen as a control training condition but also has therapeutic values. However, since the current meta-analysis only included a limited number of studies, further research was still needed to examine the clinical value of ACT in PTSD treatment.

Attentional bias modification and attention control training in PTSD We summarized and analyzed studies on attentional bias modification (ABM) and attention control training (ACT) in PTSD. Our findings indicated that ACT was a more effective treatment condition. This study highlights the therapeutic value of ACT.

Improving water quality and mitigating CH4 and N2O production in urban landscape water simultaneously by optimizing calcium peroxide dosage.

Recent studies show that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban landscape water are significant and cannot be overlooked, underscoring the need to develop effective strategies for mitigating GHG production from global freshwater systems. Calcium peroxide (CaO2) is commonly used as an eco-friendly reagent for controlling eutrophication in water bodies, but whether CaO2 can reduce GHG emissions remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of CaO2 dosage on the production of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in urban landscape water under anoxic conditions during summer. The findings reveal that CaO2 addition not only improved the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of simulated urban landscape water but also reduced N2O production by inhibiting the activity of denitrifying bacteria across various dosages. Moreover, CaO2 exhibited selective effects on methanogens. Specifically, the abundance of acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta and methylotrophic methanogen Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum increased whereas the abundance of the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanoregula decreased at low, medium, and high dosages, leading to higher CH4 production at increased CaO2 dosage. A comprehensive multi-objective evaluation indicated that an optimal dosage of 60 g CaO2/m2 achieved 41.21 % and 84.40 % reductions in CH4 and N2O production, respectively, over a 50-day period compared to the control. This paper not only introduces a novel approach for controlling the production of GHGs, such as CH4 and N2O, from urban landscape water but also suggests a methodology for optimizing CaO2 dosage, providing valuable insights for its practical application.

Mechanism of Tianma-Gouteng granules lowering blood pressure based on the bile acid-regulated Farnesoid X Receptor-Fibroblast Growth Factor 15- Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tianma-Gouteng granules (TGG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound that was first recorded by modern medical practitioner Hu Guangci in "New Meaning of the Treatment of Miscellaneous Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine". It is widely used to treat hypertensive vertigo, headache and insomnia. AIM OF STUDY: To investigate the antihypertensive effect of TGG and explore its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were prepared a model of the ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang syndrome (AHLYS), blood pressure and general state of rats were recorded. A series of experiments were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), 16S rRNA sequencing, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and enzymatic colorimetry. RESULTS: TGG can effectively lower blood pressure and improve related symptoms. TGG significantly reduced the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, Renin and AngII. A total of 17 differential metabolites were found in plasma, with the two most potent metabolic pathways being glycerophospholipid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. After TGG intervention, 7 metabolite levels decreased and 10 metabolite levels increased. TGG significantly increased the relative abundance of Desulfovibio, Lachnoclostridium, Turicibacter, and decreased the relative abundance of Alluobaculum and Monoglobu. TGG also downregulated Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 15 (FGF15) levels in the liver and ileum, upregulated Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) levels, and regulated total bile acid (TBA) levels. CONCLUSION: TGG can regulate bile acid metabolism through liver-gut axis, interfere with related intestinal flora and plasma metabolites, decrease blood pressure, and positively influence the pathologic process of SHR with AHLYS. When translating animal microbiota findings to humans, validation studies are essential to confirm reliability and applicability, particularly through empirical human research.

Exploration of markers in oxidized rancidity walnut kernels based on lipidomics and volatolomics.

Walnut kernels are prone to oxidation and rancidity due to their rich lipid composition, but the existing evaluation indicators are not sensitive enough to promote their industrial development. This study aims to investigate the potential markers in oxidative rancidity walnut kernels using lipidomics and volatolomics. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of walnut kernels significantly decreased after oxidation, with the decreasing of total phenolic content from 36276.34 mg GAE/kg to 31281.53 mg GAE/kg, the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity from 89.25% to 73.54%, and 61.69% to 43.73%, respectively. The activities of lipoxygenase (LOX) and lipase (LPS) increased by 6.08-fold and 0.33-fold, respectively. By combining volatolomics and chemometrics methods, it was found that significant differences existed in the content of hexanal, caproic acid, 1-pentanol, (E)-2-octenal, and 2-heptanenal before and after walnut kernel oxidation (VIP > 1). Based on the results of lipidomics, it can be concluded that the above five compounds can serve as characteristic markers for walnut kernel oxidative rancidity, mainly produced through glycerol phospholipid (GPL), glyceride, linoleic acid (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism pathways. Possible mechanisms of lipid degradation in oxidized walnut kernels were also proposed, providing technical support for the storage, preservation, and high-value utilization of walnut kernels.

Tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater in an IBFR dominated by PD/A with unique niche.

To explore the feasibility of biofilter reactor to treat municipal secondary effluent deeply without extra carbon source, this paper proposed an integrated biofilter reactor (IBFR) coupling partial denitrification (PD) with anammox (A) to treat the secondary effluent and raw sewage with the flow ratio of 3:1 together. The results show that the effluent concentration of TN and COD in IBFR could be reduced to 10 mg/L and 15 mg/L, respectively, under hydraulic retention time of 1.5 h and nitrogen loading rate of 0.55 kg/(m3·d). The highest specific anammox activity (19.2 mg N/(g TVS·d)) and the maximum extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content (107.21 mg/g TVS) occurred at the 25-50 cm section of IBFR, where Thauera, Candidatus Anammoximicrobium and Candidatus Brocadia were the dominant denitrifiers and anammox bacteria. Furthermore, the cyclic self-stratification occurred along the reactor height, where the utilization, decomposition, transformation and cross-feeding of EPS enhanced the performance stability of nitrogen and carbon removal, strengthened the niche structure and promoted the synergistic symbiosis. In conclusion, IBFR coupling PD and A demonstrated the possibility to treat secondary effluent without additional carbon sources, which is expected as an alternative approach for tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater.

Machine learning methods to discriminate posttraumatic stress disorder: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Recent years have witnessed a persistent threat to public mental health, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a pivotal concern amidst this backdrop. Concurrently, machine learning (ML) techniques have progressively applied in the realm of mental health. Therefore, our present undertaking seeks to provide a comprehensive assessment of studies employing ML methods that use diverse data modalities on the classification of people with PTSD. Methods and analysis: In pursuit of pertinent studies, we will search both English and Chinese databases from January 2000 to May 2022. Two researchers will independently conduct screening, extract data and assess study quality. We intend to employ the assessment framework introduced by Luis Francisco Ramos-Lima in 2020 for quality evaluation. Rate, standard error and 95% CIs will be utilized for effect size measurement. A Cochran's Q test will be applied to assess heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will further elucidate the source of heterogeneity and funnel plots and Egger's test will detect publication bias. Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review and meta-analysis does not encompass patient interactions or engagements with healthcare providers. The outcomes of this research will be disseminated through scholarly channels, including presentations at scientific conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023342042.

Inactivation of the TGF-ß1/ALK5 axis enhances club cell function and alleviates lung tissue damage to ameliorate COPD progression through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent and fatal disease worldwide. The function of club cells, which are considered progenitor/stem cells of the bronchial epithelium, and their secreted protein CC16, have been proposed as potential targets for COPD treatment. This study aimed to investigate the role of the TGF-ß1/ALK5 signaling pathway in club cell function and COPD progression. C57BL/6J mice were divided into Normal group (exposed to fresh air) and COPD group (exposed to incremental cigarette smoke extract for 12 weeks). The COPD mice were further divided into COPD group, DMSO group, and LY2109761 group (injected with 150 mg/kg LY2109761, a TGF-ß1 inhibitor). Tissue staining was used to assess lung damage, and the expression of CC16 was measured. The levels of inflammatory factors and DNA damage-related indicators were also measured. The involvement of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway was determined. COPD mice exhibited severe lung damage and impaired club cell function. Activation of the TGF-ß1/ALK5 and MEK/ERK pathways were observed in COPD mice. However, administration of LY2109761 in COPD mice inactivated the TGF-ß1/ALK5 and MEK/ERK pathways. Administration of LY2109761 also alleviated pulmonary fibrosis, downregulated the levels cleaved caspase-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-12, and IFN-γ, and limited the phosphorylation of Chk1. Moreover, LY2109761 enhanced CC16 expression and decreased lung cell apoptosis. Inactivation of the TGF-ß1/ALK5 axis inhibits the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, enhances club cell function, and alleviates lung tissue damage. These findings suggest that TGF-ß1 is a potential therapeutic target for COPD.

Inhaled fosamprenavir for laryngopharyngeal reflux: Toxicology and fluid dynamics modeling.

Objectives: Approximately 25% of Americans suffer from laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), a disease for which no effective medical therapy exists. Pepsin is a predominant source of damage during LPR and a key therapeutic target. Fosamprenavir (FOS) inhibits pepsin and prevents damage in an LPR mouse model. Inhaled FOS protects at a lower dose than oral; however, the safety of inhaled FOS is unknown and there are no inhalers for laryngopharyngeal delivery. A pre-Good Lab Practice (GLP) study of inhaled FOS was performed to assess safety and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling used to predict the optimal particle size for a laryngopharyngeal dry powder inhaler (DPI). Methods: Aerosolized FOS, amprenavir (APR), or air (control) were provided 5 days/week for 4 weeks (n = 6) in an LPR mouse model. Organs (nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, trachea, lung, liver, heart, and kidney) were assessed by a pathologist and bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines and plasma cardiotoxicity markers were assessed by Luminex assay. CFD simulations were conducted in a model of a healthy 49-year-old female. Results: No significant increase was observed in histologic lesions, cytokines, or cardiotoxicity markers in FOS or APR groups relative to the control. CFD predicted that laryngopharyngeal deposition was maximized with aerodynamic diameters of 8.1-11.5 µm for inhalation rates of 30-60 L/min. Conclusions: A 4-week pre-GLP study supports the safety of inhaled FOS. A formal GLP assessment is underway to support a phase I clinical trial of an FOS DPI for LPR. Level of Evidence: NA.

More fear reduction, better posttraumatic stress symptoms resilience: 1 year longitudinal study based on the psychological trauma recover project-5-6.

OBJECTIVE: The outbreak of COVID-19 not only raised public health concerns but also caused tremendous psychological distress. Deficits in fear played a role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We aimed to investigate the relationship between fear and PTSS during COVID-19 at two points. METHOD: The questionnaire at the first time of investigation (T1) was conducted through WeChat or phone from January 30, 2020 to February 25, 2020 as part of the psychological trauma recover project-5-6 in China. And the questionnaire at the second time of investigation (T2) was collected from March 17, 2021 to June 17, 2021. After 12 months, data from 150 participants were included in the final analysis. Fear was measured by a self-reported question. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was designed to assess PTSS. Pearson correlation, multivariate regression analysis, and multiple mediator model were used as statistical analyses. RESULTS: Fear reduced significantly over time. Participants with higher fear presented worse PTSS in both T1 and T2. Positive correlations between fear and PTSS of participants were found over time. Occupation and change of fear are significant predictors in the severity of PTSS over time. Change of fear partially mediated the relationship between the PCL-5 total score in T1 and the development of PTSS. CONCLUSION: Fear reduction was beneficial to trauma resilience. Future interventions could be developed to reduce excessive fear in facing natural disasters or following epidemics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Single session of interpretation bias modification helped to improve fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are frequently observed in those who have experienced trauma events like the COVID-19 outbreak. The cognitive model of PTSS highlights the relationship between PTSS and negative interpretation bias. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to modify interpretation bias and to improve PTSS as well as PTSS-related fear. METHODS: 59 participants with high PTSS levels were recruited and randomly allocated to either the interpretation modification programme (IMP) intervention group or the interpretation control condition (ICC) control group. PTSS, negative interpretation bias, fear of COVID-19, and depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed before and after training. FINDINGS: Intention-to-treat analyses showed that compared with ICC, participants receiving IMP generated fewer negative interpretations for ambiguous scenarios, and the group-by-time interaction effect was significant. IMP also illustrated a more significant change in fear after training compared with ICC. Although no effects of training conditions were found on PTSS, the interaction of training conditions with fear reduction could predict PTSS improvement. CONCLUSIONS: IMP could improve negative interpretations and fear related to COVID-19 and might help to ameliorate PTSS. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The role of PTSS-related emotion should be considered when exploring the effectiveness of IMP. IMP is a flexible approach that can be tailored to the specific characteristics of the traumatic event, which makes it suitable for a broader range of traumatised individuals.

Behavioral intentions and perceived stress under isolated environment.

BACKGROUND: Isolation is a special environment that will affect the mental health and behavior of individuals. The current study was to explore the relationship between behavior intention (BI) and perceived stress in isolated environment during Shanghai Omicron pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April 8 and 14, 2022. Three self-reported questionnaires were used to evaluate quarantine duration, stress perception, and BI. A total of 1042 participants in Shanghai under quarantine at home were included by random sampling. Logistic regression and one-way variance analysis were used to determine the risk factors related to BI. RESULTS: The finding implicated negative BI was more reported by the population of males, with lower educational background, with jobs, and youngers. A negative association existed between perceived stress and BI (B = -1.004, p = .003, OR = 0.367, 95% CI = .191-.703). The proportion of positive BI decreased with quarantined duration, whereas the negative BI seemed vibrate upward then downward. CONCLUSION: There existed a significant effect of quarantined days on perceived stress with different BIs. High perceived stress was a risk factor of positive BI. This preliminary study has significance to understand the effect of compulsory measures on BI and for policies makers to take a psychosocial perspective to consider the effective pandemic intervention strategies.

The impact of isolation on comorbidity of PTSD symptoms and depression: evidence from PTRP-5-6 in China.

BACKGROUND: The Omicron pandemic struck Shanghai, China, resulting in impairments of both physical and psychological health on those patients who were confirmed and transferred to the Fangcang shelters. The way of isolation led to high risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms among the patients in Fangcang shelters. We aim to estimate the prevalence and comorbidity of PTSS and depressive symptoms in patients from China's Fangcang shelters during the epidemic. METHODS: Demographic information questionnaire, the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used in the study. The data were collected online via mobile phones during 10th April to 20th April, 2022, as part of our Psychological Trauma Recover Project-5-6 (PTRP-5-6), a longitudinal study focusing on individuals who have experienced trauma. RESULTS: A total of 336 subjects were included in the analysis. The results revealed (1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms, and PTSS were 30.1% (cut-off = 10) and 6% (cut-off = 33); (2) Multiple logistic regression showed that female (OR = 3.04, p < 0.05), suffering from dyspnea (OR = 5.83, p < 0.05) or gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 6.38, p < 0.05) were risk factors for PTSS; higher education level (OR = 3.27, p < 0.05) and suffering from dizziness or headache (OR = 2.46, p < 0.05) were risk factors for depressive symptoms; (3)Respectively, 85% of the patients who reported PTSS also experienced depressive symptoms, 16.8% of the patients who reported depressive symptoms presented PTSS. CONCLUSION: In the context of COVID-19, the comorbidity rate of PTSS and depressive symptoms among patients in Fangcang shelters increased with the severity of depressive symptoms.