A factorial design for optimizing a flow injection analysis system.

The use of a factorial design for the response exploration of a flow injection (FI) system is described and illustrated by FI spectrophotometric determination of paraquat. Variable response (absorbance) is explored as a function of the factors flow rate and length of the reaction coil. The present study was found to be useful to detect and estimate any interaction among the factors that may affect the optimal conditions for the maximal response in the optimization of the FI system, which is not possible with a univariate design. In addition, this study showed that factorial experiments enable economy of experimentation and yield results of high precision due to the use of the whole data for calculating the effects.

Evaluación de la biodisponibilidad in vitro del maleato de enalapril / Evaluation of the bioavailability in vitro of the Enalapril maleate

Las especialidades farmacéuticas que contienen maleato de enalapril, un fármaco de primera línea en el tratamiento de la hipertensión, difieren en su acción farmacológica. Diferentes factores pueden influir, entre ellos, si no el más importante, la biodisponibilidad del fármaco. Científicamente se ha demostrado que los ensayos de disolución <> de formas farmacéuticas sólidas suministran valiosa información para examinar este parámetro crítico. Se realizó un estudio comparativo para las formas farmaceúticas sólidas orales que contienen maleato de enalapril en sus distintas unidades posológicas, por medio del ensayo de disolución in vitro establecido en la monografía oficial del producto, la USP/NF. El análisis demostró que 3 productos, manufacturados por un mismo laboratorio, difieren relevantemente del producto innovador Renitec. Este estudio permite inferir que la bioequivalencia del fármaco maleato de enalapril se puede ver comprometida cuando se sustituye un producto por otro

Metals, silica and AHS content of equisetum bogotense HBK and equisetum giganteum L.(HORSETAIL) / Metales

Sio2, Li,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Fe,Pb, and ash content in equisetum bogotense HBK and equisetum giganteum L.(equisetaceae) in aerial parts were determined. These plants are used in natural and homoeopathic medice because of their therapeutic properties

[Extracorporeal lithotripsy in a young child. Use of the EDAP LT 01 apparatus in a 20-month-old girl]. / Lithotritie extra-corporelle chez le jeune enfant. Utilisation de l'appareil EDAP LT 01 chez une fillette de 20 mois.

The possibility for treating adults with renal stone by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is proved to be an effective method. However, up to now, a few cases in the world were reported in childhood, never before the patient was 3 years old; although 65% of urinary stones in children can be observed before 3 years. We report the first successful application of the EDAP lithotriptor in the management of a twenty months little girl with upper urinary stone. We conclude that this treatment must be developed in future.