ABSTRACT
Fat facets is a Drosophila deubiquitinating enzyme required for eye development and early embryogenesis. Genetic evidence suggests that Fat facets deubiquitinates and thereby prevents the proteasomal degradation of specific substrates. The Drosophila Liquid facets protein is implicated as the critical substrate of Fat facets in the eye. A mouse homolog of Fat facets, called Fam, has been identified. The results of biochemical experiments implicate two different proteins, Af-6 and beta-catenin, as substrates for Fam. Here, the functional relationship between Fat facets and Fam is explored. We show that Fam can substitute for Fat facets in all of its essential functions in Drosophila. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that Canoe and Armadillo, the Drosophila homologs of Af-6 and beta-catenin, respectively, are important substrates for Fat facets in the Drosophila eye. We found no genetic evidence to support a role for either Canoe or Armadillo in the essential Fat facets pathways in Drosophila eye development. The significance of these results is discussed in light of the biochemical experiments that suggest that Af-6 and beta-catenin are substrates of Fam.
Subject(s)
Endopeptidases/metabolism , Animals , Endopeptidases/genetics , Eye/ultrastructure , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase , Ubiquitins/metabolismSubject(s)
Abortion, Legal , Hospitals, Teaching , California , Education, Medical , Education, Medical, Continuing , Female , Humans , Internship and Residency , Methods , Pregnancy , Research , United StatesSubject(s)
Erythrocytes/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Rubidium , Adult , Aged , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Computers , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Female , Humans , Kinetics , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/blood , RadioisotopesSubject(s)
Abortion, Legal , Abortion, Therapeutic , Attitude of Health Personnel , Attitude to Health , California , Female , Hospital Administration , Humans , Legislation, Medical , Length of Stay , Maternal Health Services/supply & distribution , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Pregnancy , Quality of Health CareSubject(s)
Abortion, Legal , Abortion, Legal/adverse effects , Anesthesia, General , Autonomic Nerve Block , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Methods , PregnancySubject(s)
Erythrocytes/metabolism , Genital Neoplasms, Female/blood , Rubidium , Absorption , Female , Hematocrit , Humans , Kinetics , Methods , PregnancySubject(s)
Game Theory , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Feedback , Female , Humans , Male , Methods , Probability , Set, PsychologySubject(s)
Hysterectomy , Population Control , Sterilization, Reproductive , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Methods , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Sterilization, Reproductive/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A questionnaire about attitudes and practices regarding therapeutic abortion was sent to 943 diplomates of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology listed in California. In the 748 replies received, certain disparities between the views and practices of the specialists on the one hand and current California statutes on the other were noted. The responses to the questions strongly suggested that current California laws governing the performance of therapeutic abortion are in need of modernization and liberalization if they are to accord with the views and practices of California obstetrician-gynecologists.
