[Changes in the L-serine and L-threonine dehydrogenase activities in the blood serum of those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station who became ill with chronic acalculous cholecystitis]. / Izmeneniia aktivnosti L-serin- i L-treonindegidrogenaz v syvorote krovi likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na ChAES, bol'nykh khronicheskim beskamennym kholetsistitom.

Activity was studied of blood serum plasmic enzymes L-serine and L-threonine dehydrogenazes (SDG and ThDG) in 92 liquidators of aftermath of the Chernobyl atomic power plant breakdown, presenting with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis during the stage of moderately severe exacerbation with no clinical and laboratory and sonographic signs of affection of the liver. A quarter of the examinees demonstrated an increased activity of the enzymes under study, which fact is regarded by the authors as a preclinical sign of reactive hepatitis. Recommendations are given as to the outpatient registration and prophylactic management and therapy of those persons having taken part in the elimination of the effects of the Chernobyl accident, presenting with biliary pathologies.

[Efficacy of antioxidant preparations used for correction of impairment of oxidative homeostasis in Chernobyl liquidators]. / Effektivnost' antioksidantnykh preparatov, ispol'zuemykh dlia korrektsii narushenii okislitel'nogo gomeostaza u likvidatorov avarii na ChAES.

The influence of two antioxidative preparations (Vetoron, Morevit) on the parameters of antioxidative system and lipoperoxidative processes in blood of men, who took part in the cleaning up after Chernobyl NPP accident, under the clinical control in the hospital of Scientific Center for Radiation Medicine AMS of Ukraine was studied. It was shown that Morevit (extract of protein-hydrocarboneus concentrate of Mytilis galloprovincialis) is more effective as promoter of normalization lipoperoxidative processes disorders and restoration of antioxidative enzymes activity. The main principles of antioxidative therapy were formulated.

[Therapeutic and preventive effectiveness of zyxorin during poisoning with anticholineesterase pesticides]. / Lechebno-profilakticheskaia éffektivnost' ziksorina pri intoksikatsii antikholinésteraznymi pestitsidami.

Zyxorin (50-100 mg/kg) was found to produce a significant increase of the content (activity) of components of electron transport microsomal circuit and is similar to phenobarbital by its inducing effect. At preventive and therapeutic-preventive administration it enhances resistance of albino rats to anticholinesterase pesticides (actellis, valexon, 0,0-dimethyl-0-2,2-dichlorvinylphosphate, clorofos, hostaquick, dioxycarb, primor, sevine, furadan), prevents the development of neuromuscular blockade. The introduction of zyxorin into a complex therapy with specific agents (atropine, reactivators of cholinesterase) potentiates their antidotic effect at poisoning with DDVP.

[Discovery of endogenous nitric oxide in the mouse liver by electron paramagnetic resonance]. / Obnaruzhenie éndogennoi okisi azota v pecheni myshei metodom élektronnogo paramagnitnogo rezonansa.

In vivo formation of nitrogen oxide in the mouse liver kept on purely protein diet (casein) was shown by ESR method. This phenomenon is suggested to be conditioned by the oxidation of ammonia accumulated in the organism as a result of desamination of casein amino acids.

[Manifestation of the neurotoxic effect of the organochlorine pesticide hexachlorobutadiene in the postnatal period of ontogeny in the rat]. / Proiavlenie neirotoksicheskogo éffekta khlororganicheskogo pestitsida geksakhlorobutadiena v postnatal'nom periode ontogeneza u krys.

Daily peroral administration of chlororganic pesticide hexachlorobutadiene in doses 8.1 mg/kg (1/20 LD50) to pregnant rats results in certain ultrastructural changes of neurocytes and myelin fibers of the spinal cord both in the animals and their offspring (newborns and 1-2-month-old rats). By means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method, changes in intensity of the EPR-signals of free radicals in the spinal cord, ceruloplasmin of blood serum have been revealed in the experimental pregnant animals, as well as in 1-month-old rats (in the latter--in the brain, too). Gas-liquid chromatography reveals the preparation contents in the adrenals, heart, brain and spinal cord, in the uterus of the pregnant animals, as well as in corresponding organs of their offspring. Certain retardation in growth and decrease in body mass are noted in the offspring.

[Effect of benzonal on the liver mono-oxygenase system of laboratory animals]. / Vliianie benzonala na monooksigenaznuiu sistemu pecheni laboratornykh zhivotnykh.

The data are provided on benzonal as having the properties of the monoxygenase system inducer, evidenced by the shortening of hexenal sleep, increase of the intensity of the epr-signal of cytochrome P-450, activation of lipid peroxidation, carboxylesterase and arylesterase in the liver. The properties of benzonal described can be made use of for increasing the body resistance to the toxic action of xenobiotics.

[Kinetics of the change in the level of metalloproteins and free radicals in the liver of rats with acute poisoning by alkyl derivatives of 2, 4-dinitrophenol]. / Kinetika izmeneniia urovnia metalloproteidov i svobodnykh radikalov v pecheni krys pri ostroi intoksikatsii alkilproizvodnymi 2,4-dinitrofenola.

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study over time metal proteins (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome-c-oxidase, iron and sulfur proteins) and free radicals in rat liver under acute (LD50) oral intoxication with 2,4-dinitro-6-butylphenol and 2,4-dinitro-6-methylphenol used as pesticides. The authors describe the kinetics of variations in the content of metal proteins and free radicals under the effect of the above-indicated toxic agents. It is assumed that the triggering mechanism of the toxic action of dinitrophenols lies in the inhibition of the function of iron and sulfur proteins. Possible mechanisms of the disturbance of the energy and detoxifying systems of the body under experimental conditions described are reviewed.

[Mechanism of the pro-oxidant activity of tetracycline]. / O mekhanizme prooksidantnogo deistviia tetratsiklina.

It was shown on male rats that like ethanol tetracycline increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hepatocyte membranes, evident from increased levels of diene conjugates and malone dialdehyde in the liver homogenates, especially on their combination. The signal amplitude of the EPR-forms of cytochrome P-450 and Cu-, Mo- and Fe-containing proteins did not change, while the content of the EPR-forms of the free radicals increased. High efficiency of antioxidants, such as tocopherol acetate, sodium selenite and tincture of Astragalus L. is indirect evidence of the role of the free radicals in initiation of LPO in tetracycline affections of the liver.

[Manifestations of the neurotoxicity of the organochlorine pesticide dilor during the postnatal period in the rat]. / Proiavlenie neirotoksichnosti khlororganicheskogo pestitsida dilora v postnatal'nom periode u krys.

When pregnant rats are administered chlororganic pesticide dilor, certain ultrastructural changes are observed in neurocytes and in myelin fibers, in the spinal cord, that demonstrates some disorders in cellular and tissue metabolism. In the newborn spinal cords a retarded differentiation is observed against the background of an intense cellular metabolism. By means of the electron paramagnetic resonance technique, an increasing concentration of free radicals in the brains and spinal cords of the pregnant animals and in their one-month-old offsprings is demonstrated. The investigation on fatty acid composition of lipids in pregnant test animals demonstrates a decrease in cholysterine, steroids and some fatty acids in myelin fractions and in synaptosomic membranes.

[Biochemical and morphological changes in white rat lung and liver tissues in experimental paraquat poisoning]. / Biokhminicheskie i morfologicheskie izmeneniia v tkaniakh legkikh i pecheni belykh krys pri éksperimental'noi intoksikatsii parakvatom.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the number of free radicals and pathomorphological changes were studied in lung and liver tissues of white rats with experimental paraquat poisoning. It was shown that SOD activity in the lungs and liver decreased and the number of free radicals rose. The inhibition of SOD activity after repeated administration of paraquat (1/10 of LD50) was more pronounced than in acute poisoning. Dystrophic and proliferative histomorphological changes characteristic for acute and chronic experiments and disturbed vascular permeability were revealed. It is suggested that the toxic action of paraquat on the animals is particularly consequent on the lack of SOD activity and enhancement of free radical processes.