ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE), is a common health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Cardiac involvement is a relatively rare manifestation of Echinococcus infection. This study aims to summarize the evidence regarding the features of cardiac CE. METHODS: Case series of the patients with cardiac CE, were included in this study. Non-English papers, case reports, reviews, letters, , commentaries, and conference abstracts were not included. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. RESULTS: Out of 3985 results of the searches, finally 37 studies were included in this systematic review. Based on available evidence, cardiac involvement is an uncommon but serious presentation of CE which presents with some non-specific signs and symptoms. Dyspnea, chest pain, and palpitation are the most common symptoms of the disease and normal sinus rhythm is the most common Electrocardiogram (ECG) feature. The disease is not associated with high mortality in case of timely diagnosis and appropriate management. DISCUSSION: Consecutive and complete inclusion of participants, statistical analysis, and appropriate reporting of the demographics were the sources of bias in the included studies. The exclusion of non-English papers was a limitation during the review process. FUNDING: The research protocol was approved and supported by the Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 69380). REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022381204).
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis , Heart Diseases , Humans , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Heart , Heart Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chest x-ray has an important role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to determine the radiological changes in patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: In this study, 325 patients with smear positive pulmonary TB was enrolled. The affected lobe or lobes of the left or right lung were recorded. The types of involvement were categorized based on patchy consolidation, cavitation, collapse consolidation and bronchopneumonia. The data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: From the 325 patients, 116 (35.7%) were males and 209 (64.3%) were females. The most frequent involved site was the left upper lobe in 175 (53.8%) followed by the right upper lobe in 134 (41.2%) cases. The most frequent radiographic finding was bronchopneumonia in 242 (74.4%) cases. Patchy consolidation was detected in 99 (30.4%) patients. Cavitary lesion and pleural effusion were observed in 68 (20.9%) and 35 (10.7%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results show that pulmonary upper lobes were the most frequent involved sites.
ABSTRACT
Some evidence suggests that a variety of genetic factors contribute to development of the tuberculosis (TB). TLR4 and TLR9 have been proposed as susceptibility genes for TB. This study was performed in 124 newly diagnosed TB cases and 149 healthy controls in a TB-endemic region of Iran. The TLR4 genes Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, and TLR9 gene T-1486C polymorphisms were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The frequencies of the mutant alleles of TLR4 Arg299Gly, Thr399Ile, and TLR9 T-1486C polymorphisms were 0.8 versus 0.1, 5.6 versus 3, and 28.6 versus 25.2 in patients and controls, respectively, that were not significant. The synergic effect of TI,II/CC genotypes for TLR4 Thr399Ile and TLR9 T-1486C polymorphisms showed increased risk of PTB susceptibility. In conclusion, no significant relation was found between TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms alone and PTB. However, synergic effects of TLR4 Thr399Ile and TLR9-1486T/C polymorphisms might increase risk of PTB.
