Evaluation of sweet citrus peel supplement in water on performance and ileal microbial count of broiler chickens.

The effect of supplementing drinking water with sweet citrus peel powder (SCPP) on the performance, ileal microbial count, and relative weight of organs of broiler chickens reared in a tropical environment was investigated. Ninety-six (96) 1-day-old Ross broiler chickens, after brooding, were randomly allotted into four treatment groups: T1 (control) received drinking water without SCPP, while birds in T2, T3, and T4 were given water supplemented with 2, 4, and 6 g of SCPP per liter of water, respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times with eight birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among the treatments. However, significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed in the final weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) with birds on T4 (6 g SCPP) having the highest final weight of 2164.60 g and the lowest FCR of 2.11 compared with 1838.40 g final weight and 2.40 FCR recorded for birds in the control group. Total bacteria count (TBC) of 2.07 × 106 CFU/ml (T1), 1.20 × 106 CFU/ml (T2), 1.27 × 106 CFU/ml (T3), and 1.33 × 106 CFU/ml (T4) recorded showed no significant (p > 0.05) variations among the treatments. However, orthogonal contrast between control and SCPP treatment groups showed significant variation (p < 0.05) in TBC. Significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed in the live weight and relative weight of heart and pancreas. Higher live weight with lower FCR and TBC recorded in this study showed the positive effect of SCPP on the performance and ileal microbial count of broiler chickens.

Adenomyosis: a neglected diagnosis.

Adenomyosis was present in 161 of 1619 consecutive hysterectomy specimens. Adenomyosis coexisted with other pelvic pathology in 97 women and was the only histologic finding in 64 women. Most patients were 35 to 50 years of age, parous, white, had not taken steroid hormones, had not had uterine surgery, and complained of abnormal uterine bleeding and/or pelvic pain. Adenomyosis was most associated with leiomyomata, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, and endometriosis. The clinical signs of uterine enlargement and tenderness were rarely observed. The diagnosis was suspected preoperatively in 10% of women. At surgery, adenomyosis was not recognized in 65% of patients. Adenomyosis is a disease of unknown etiology whose uncharacteristic clinical profile and frequent association with more obvious pelvic pathology make it a neglected diagnosis.