[Assessment of standard parenteral nutrition in children]. / Evaluación de nutrición parenteral estandarizada en niños.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, there is a stronger consensus on the proceedings of nutritional support with parenteral nutrition (PN) in paediatrics, the prescription standards, its formulation, elaboration, and nutritional requirements in order to improve the process quality and the patient's safety. The use of standardized PN solutions in children is rare due to the difficulty to adapt them to every pathophysiologic condition. In order to do so, in 2006 we designed and validated a big range of standard solutions for children weighing more than 10 kg or being older than 1 year. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of standard PN solutions and their suitability in children from January of 2006 until June of 2008: the frequency of prescription of standard solutions by age, weight, and indication, as well as their modifications. We compared the nutrients given by individualized PN solutions versus the recommendations of the Reference Guidelines and standardised PN. RESULTS: 47 children with a mean weight of 26.6 kg (9-50) and mean age 6.8 years (1-14) received 539 units of PN. Standardized PN (437) were used in 83% of the patients. Their total energy requirements were reached within 1-3 days by using one to three types of formulas. Only 4% (22) of them were modified, with easily feasible changes: volume increase (16), glucose lowering (3), and potassium increase (3). The analysis of the individualized PN in 8 children shows the same trend, with a caloric intake lower than 33% of the recommended one. CONCLUSION: Standardized PN meet the nutritional requirements in most of the patients according to their morbid condition, highlighting their adaptability and versatility. Their use has eased the prescription-validation-preparation circuit and has improved the efficiency of the process.

Evaluación de nutrición parenteral estandarizada en niños / Assessment of standard parenteral nutrition in children

Introducción: En la actualidad existe un mayor consenso en el proceso de soporte nutricional con Nutrición Parenteral (NP) en pediatría, en los estándares de la prescripción, formulación, elaboración y en los requerimientos nutricionales, para mejorar la calidad del proceso y seguridad en el paciente. La utilización de soluciones estandarizadas de NP en niños es minoritaria por la dificultad de adaptación a las distintas situaciones fisiopatológicas. Para hacerlo viable, en el 2006 diseñamos y validamos un amplio rango de soluciones estandarizadas para niños mayores de 10 kg y/o mayores de 1 año. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilización e idoneidad de las soluciones de NP estandarizadas en un Hospital de Tercer Nivel desde su implantación. Método: Analizamos todas las prescripciones y formulaciones de NP de los niños desde enero de 2006 hasta junio de 2008: la frecuencia de prescripción de soluciones estándar según edad, peso e indicación y sus modificaciones. Comparamos los nutrientes aportados con las soluciones NP individualizados frente a las recomendaciones de las Guías de referencia y las NP estandarizadas. Resultados: 47 niños con un peso medio de 26,6 kg (9-50) y edad media 6,8 años (1-14) recibieron 539 unidades de NP. Las NP estandarizadas (437) fueron utilizadas en el 83% de los pacientes. Sus requerimientos totales energéticos se alcanzaron de1 a 3 días , utilizando de una a tres tipos fórmulas . De ellas solo tuvieron modificación un 4% (22), con cambios fácilmente aplicables : aumento del volumen (16), disminución de la glucosa (3), y aumento del potasio (3). El análisis de las NP individualizadas en 8 niños, muestran una misma tendencia, menor aporte calórico en un 33% al recomendado. Conclusión: Las soluciones de PN estandarizadas se adecuaron a las necesidades nutricionales de la mayoría de los pacientes, según su estado y patología, destacando su adaptabilidad y versatilidad. Su utilización, ha agilizado el circuito prescripción-validación-preparación y ha mejorado la eficiencia del proceso (AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, there is a stronger consensus on the proceedings of nutritional support with parenteral nutrition (PN) in paediatrics, the prescription standards, its formulation, elaboration, and nutritional requirements in order to improve the process quality and the patient's safety. The use of standardized PN solutions in children is rare due to the difficulty to adapt them to every pathophysiologic condition. In order to do so, in 2006 we designed and validated a big range of standard solutions for children weighing more than 10 kg or being older than 1 year. Objective: To assess the use of standard PN solutions and their suitability in children from January of 2006 until June of 2008: the frequency of prescription of standard solutions by age, weight, and indication, as well as their modifications. We compared the nutrients given by individualized PN solutions versus the recommendations of the Reference Guidelines and standardised PN. Results: 47 children with a mean weight of 26.6 kg (9-50) and mean age 6.8 years (1-14) received 539 units of PN. Standardized PN (437) were used in 83% of the patients. Their total energy requirements were reached within 1-3 days by using one to three types of formulas. Only 4% (22) of them were modified, with easily feasible changes: volume increase (16), glucose lowering (3), and potassium increase (3). The analysis of the individualized PN in 8 children shows the same trend, with a caloric intake lower than 33% of the recommended one. Conclusion: Standardized PN meet the nutritional requirements in most of the patients according to their morbid condition, highlighting their adaptability and versatility. Their use has eased the prescription-validation-preparation circuit and has improved the efficiency of the process (AU)

[Study into the use of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer in a third level hospital]. / Estudio de utilización de cetuximab en cáncer colorrectal metastásico en un hospital de tercer nivel.

OBJECTIVES: In this study we will analyse the use of cetuximab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) in a third level hospital. We will establish the usage conditions in our centre in keeping with those approved in current technical records. We will also record the treatment duration under the different usage conditions and use the information available in material that has been published to date. METHODS: An indication-prescription study of cetuximab in MCC was carried out on all patients treated with cetuximab for colorectal cancer in the period between 2004 and 2007 in our hospital. The number of prescriptions that do not fit the approved recommendations for cetuximab in MCC treatment (and why they do not fit) is determined. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for the different variables collected, and a Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out for the treatment duration variable, so as to determine whether there is a difference in effectiveness for the common uses in our hospital. RESULTS: Data was recorded for 74 patients treated with cetuximab. The average cost per patient was 14,399 Euro and on average, 15.3 dosages were administered per patient. The average initial dosage was 710 mg with an average dosage of 446 mg after that. The average duration of the treatments was 15.4 weeks. cetuximab was administered to 7 patients as first-line treatment and to 32 patients who had not used Irinotecan previously. Irinotecan was not associated with cetuximab treatment in 9 patients, and it was used in 14 patients resulting in a negative outcome for the EFGR test. Treatment duration was longer in the case of its use as first-line treatment (27.7 weeks), if Irinotecan had not been used before (23.3 weeks), if Irinotecan was used (20.5 weeks) and in patients with positive EFGR results (19.6 weeks.) The median treatment duration, under the different conditions, was less than the average but with no major differences between them. 70.3 % of prescriptions did not fit with the data sheet. CONCLUSIONS: The use of cetuximab under different conditions to those approved on the technical data sheet creates an increase in the number of patients treated and a longer duration of the treatments which implies an increase in intake. The average and the mean treatment times for the usage conditions found did not present any significant statistical differences. There are a small number of patients who benefit from this treatment which can be seen by the large average, in comparison with the mean, without any of the conditions in which the analysis was carried out seeming to determine a higher response. The treatment duration in our study was similar to the durations recorded in relevant literature for these usage conditions.

Estudio de utilización de cetuximab en cáncer colorrectal metastásico en un hospital de tercer nivel / Study into the use of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer in a third level hospital

Objetivos: En este trabajo se analiza la utilización de cetuximab en el tratamiento de cáncer colorrectal metastásico (CCRm) en un hospital de tercer nivel, determinando las condiciones de uso en los pacientes de nuestro centro con relación a las aprobadas en ficha técnica en el momento. También, se compara la duración del tratamiento en las distintas condiciones de uso y con los datos disponibles en la bibliografía publicada hasta la fecha de realización de este trabajo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de indicación-prescripción de cetuximab en CCRm para todos los pacientes tratados con cetuximab en CCR en el período 2004-2007 en nuestro hospital. Se determina el número de prescripciones que no se ajusta a la ficha técnica aprobada para cetuximab en CCRm y el motivo por el que no se adapta. Se realiza el análisis estadístico descriptivo para las distintas variables recogidas y un análisis de Kaplan-Meier para la variable duración de tratamiento para determinar si hay diferencia de efectividad para los usos habituales en nuestro hospital. Resultados: Se recogieron los datos de 74 pacientes tratados con cetuximab. El coste medio por paciente fue de 14.399 ¿ y un número medio de dosis administradas de 15,3 por paciente. La dosis media de inicio fue 710 mg y la de mantenimiento, de 446 mg. La duración media de los tratamientos fue 15,4 semanas. Cetuximab se administró a 7 pacientes en primera línea de tratamiento, y a 32 pacientes sin que previamente se hubiese utilizado irinotecan. En 9 pacientes no se asoció irinotecan al tratamiento con cetuximab y se empleó en 14 pacientes con resultado negativo para la prueba de EFGR. La duración de los tratamientos fue mayor en caso de utilización en primera línea de tratamiento (27,7 semanas), si no se empleó irinotecan previo (23,3 semanas), si se asociaba irinotecan al tratamiento (20,5 semanas) y en pacientes EFGR (..) (AU)

Objectives: In this study we will analyse the use of cetuximab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) in a third level hospital. We will establish the usage conditions in our centre in keeping with those approved in current technical records. We will also record the treatment duration under the different usage conditions and use the information available in material that has been published to date. Methods: An indication-prescription study of cetuximab in MCC was carried out on all patients treated with cetuximab for colorectal cancer in the period between 2004 and 2007 in our hospital. The number of prescriptions that do not fit the approved recommendations for cetuximab in MCC treatment (and why they do not fit) is determined. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for the different variables collected, and a Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out for the treatment duration variable, so as to determine whether there is a difference in effectiveness for the common uses in our hospital. Results: Data was recorded for 74 patients treated with cetuximab. The average cost per patient was ¿14,399 and on average, 15.3 dosages were administered per patient. The average initial dosage was 710 mg with an average dosage of 446 mg after that. The average duration of the treatments was 15.4 weeks. cetuximab was administered to 7 patients as first-line treatment and to 32 patients who had not used Irinotecan previously. Irinotecan was not associated with cetuximab treatment in 9 patients, and it was used in 14 patients resulting in a negative outcome for the EFGR test. Treatment duration was longer in the case of its use as first-line treatment (27.7 weeks), if Irinotecan had not been used before (23.3 weeks), if Irinotecan was used (20.5 weeks) and in patients with positive EFGR results (19.6 weeks.) The median treatment duration, under the different conditions, was less than the average but with no major differences (..) (AU)

Desensibilización a L-asparraginasa en dos pacientes con hipersensibilidad previa / Asparraginase desensitization in two patients with previous hipersenstivity

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