ABSTRACT
We have investigated the recently reported structural phase transition at low temperature (LT) for alpha-Pb/Ge(111) [from a (3 x 3) symmetry to a disordered phase] using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). By tracking exactly the same surface regions with atomic resolution while varying the sample temperature from 40 to 140 K, we have observed that substitutional point defects are not mobile, in clear contrast to previous assumptions. Moreover, STM data measured at the lowest temperatures ever reported for this system (10 K) show that while filled-state images display the apparent signature of a glassy phase with no long-range order, in empty-state images honeycomb patterns with (3 x 3) periodicity, and not distinguishable from data measured at much higher temperatures, are clearly resolved. These new observations cast serious doubts on the nature and/or on the existence of a disordered phase at LT.
ABSTRACT
Careful screening of the attitudes and values of nurse assistant applicants is an important aspect of selecting good care providers who will remain in their positions.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Job Satisfaction , Nursing Assistants/psychology , Nursing Homes , Personnel Management/statistics & numerical data , Personnel Turnover/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Humans , Ohio , Personnel Selection , Surveys and Questionnaires , WorkforceABSTRACT
This study examines the role of social support in recovery from the chronic illness of alcoholism. Symbolic interactionism provides the theoretical framework from which two hypotheses are derived--one of which deals with the amount of social support available to patients during treatment and one of which deals with the social support actually experienced during treatment. Self-administered questionnaires were given to 83 patients enrolled in an inpatient treatment program in a midwestern city in the United States. Although patients did show a significant improvement in self-concept during the course of the treatment, neither of the hypotheses was supported by the data. Conceptual and measurement problems associated with the utilization of social support as a variable are discussed.
