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1.
Anticancer Drugs ; 33(4): 400-405, 2022 04 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35171116

ABSTRACT

Rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene are present in 3-5% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while it was 0.2% in NSCLC tumors. Due to its low frequency, it is extremely challenging to conduct randomized clinical trials of ALK-targeted therapies in NSCLC tumors. In the present case, we describe the first reported case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) harboring the ALK fusion mutation that responded to ALK-targeted therapy after progression with two lines of chemotherapy. Searching for ALK gene rearrangement or other fusion, especially in patients with chemotherapy-resistant TNBC, opens the door to new treatment strategies.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Crizotinib/therapeutic use , Gene Rearrangement , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
2.
Urol Case Rep ; 36: 101567, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33489773

ABSTRACT

Leiomyoma is a mesenchymal tumor which arise from any structure or organ containing smooth muscle, but is frequently seen in the female genital tract. Renal leiomyoma is extremely rare benign lesion with low incidence (1:1000), has been reported mostly in adults and very few cases have been described in the pediatric age-group. It is often asymptomatic and can be diagnosed when reaches large sizes. Hereby, we present a case of renal leiomyoma in a smaller size, in the pediatric age group.

3.
Arch Med Sci ; 16(6): 1402-1410, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33224340

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancers are the second cause of cancer related deaths all around the world but gastric carcinogenesis remains a mystery. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) and spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are the two types of preneoplastic metaplasias. In this study, we aimed to investigate expression of Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), mucins (MUCs), trefoil factors (TFFs) in SPEM and IM surrounding gastric carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue samples of tumor adjacent gastric mucosa including IM (n = 61) and SPEM (n = 36) from 70 gastrectomy specimens were used for immunohistochemical analysis of PDX1, mucins (MUC5AC, MUC6) and trefoil factors (TFF2, TFF3). RESULTS: Nuclear expression of PDX1 was present in both SPEM (32/36) and IM (60/61) and there was no significant difference in expression of PDX1 between the two types of metaplasias. While TFF3 and MUC5AC were abundant in IM, SPEM showed 100% expression of TFF2 and MUC6 and also lower positivity with TFF3 and MUC5AC. PDX1 positivity was related to expression of MUC5AC (60/61, p < 0.001) and TFF3 (60/61, p < 0.001) in IM and also associated with expression of MUC5AC (14/32, p < 0.05), MUC6 (32/32, p < 0.001), TFF2 (32/32, p < 0.001) and TFF3 (9/32, p < 0.05) in SPEM. Coexpression of TFF3 and TFF2 was present in 10 of 36 (27.7%) samples of SPEM and also 29 of 61 (47.5%) samples of IM exhibited dual expression of trefoil peptides. CONCLUSIONS: PDX1 may affect the development of SPEM and IM. Expression patterns of TFFs and MUCs may indicate that IM evolves from SPEM.

5.
Balkan Med J ; 36(2): 78-87, 2019 02 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30251956

ABSTRACT

The introduction and advances on next-generation sequencing have led to novel ways to integrate simultaneous assessment of multiple target genes in routine laboratory analysis. Assessment of myeloid neoplasms with targeted next-generation sequencing panels shows evidence to improve diagnosis, assist therapeutic decisions, provide better information about prognosis, and better detection of minimal residual disease. Herein, we provide information for application and utilization of next-generation sequencing studies with a focus on the most important mutations in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and other myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms in order to integrate them into the daily clinical practice.


Subject(s)
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/trends , Primary Myelofibrosis/diagnosis , Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis/methods , Genetic Testing/methods , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Humans , Neoplasm, Residual/genetics , Prognosis
6.
Turk Patoloji Derg ; 2018 Feb 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29419849

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: BRAF is the most common mutation in melanoma. The most common subtype is BRAF V600E, followed by V600K. Initially, the authors aimed to investigate whether clinicopathological features of melanoma are associated with BRAF mutations. We then aimed to present the relationships between the clinicopathological features and the mutated subtype (V600E vs V600K). MATERIAL AND METHOD: 61 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (affecting the lymph node or other distant sites) were selected. Patient data regarding age at the time of diagnosis, sex, metastatic site (lymph node, distant metastasis or both) and primary tumour site were obtained from the hospital's database. Tissue samples containing at least 30% tumour cells were isolated from the specimens of 61 patients (24 samples from primary tumours and 37 from metastatic foci) for BRAF analysis. Comparisons between the BRAF V600 mutation and clinicopathological and histopathological features were performed. RESULTS: BRAF V600 mutation was detected in 34 (55.7%) patients. The subtype was BRAF V600E in 22 (64.7%) patients, BRAF V600K in 11(32.4%) patients and BRAF V600R in 1(2.9%) patient. The crucial results of the present study may be summarized as follows: i) BRAF V600 mutation was more common in older patients and tumors with BRAF V600 mutation revealed necrosis and LVI more commonly than wild-type tumors, ii) BRAF V600K mutation was more common in older patients and BRAF V600K mutated tumors exhibited ulceration more commonly than tumors with BRAF V600E mutation (close to significant). CONCLUSION: The BRAF V600 mutation may have interactions with prognostic clinicoptahological features of melanoma including necrosis and lymphovascular invasion. V600K mutation may be more common than expected and may have different associations with properties of the tumor such as tumor ulceration and patient age. Investigation of the mutated subtype of the BRAF gene may therefore reveal more detailed data about the management of melanoma and may also prevent missing of candidates for BRAF inhibitor therapies.

7.
Clin Nucl Med ; 41(8): 668-70, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27124684

ABSTRACT

Myopericytoma is a rare type of unusual soft tissue tumor with perivascular myoid differentiation. A 53-year-old man with the diagnosis of colon cancer was referred to Tc-MDP bone scan and F-FDG PET/CT for staging. A subcutaneous mass located in right lower back with heterogeneous FDG uptake was detected on PET/CT. There was increased osteoblastic activity on MDP bone scan in the same region. Mass was resected and subsequently confirmed as myopericytoma by histopathology.


Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Incidental Findings , Male , Middle Aged , Radiopharmaceuticals , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/secondary , Technetium Tc 99m Medronate , Torso/diagnostic imaging
8.
Clin Nucl Med ; 41(8): 643-5, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27124681

ABSTRACT

Extranodal involvement is more common with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) than other subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood. According to our knowledge, there are rare cases in the literature about muscle involvement of BL, and its F-FDG PET/CT findings were not well defined. We report a 6-year-old girl with a histopathologic diagnosis of BL and referred for staging with PET/CT. FDG-avid abdominal lymph nodes and diffuse involvements of right quadriceps muscle were demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Burkitt Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology , Child , Female , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Humans , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals
9.
Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther ; 9(2): 41-7, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26806462

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a group of monoclonal hematopoietic diseases consisting of a number of various entities. The presence of differences in chromosomal content of cells within the same individual is known as chromosomal mosaicism. The impact of mosaic pattern on the prognosis of MDS has been unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of mosaic pattern on the survival of patients with MDS. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 119 patients diagnosed with MDS at the Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology. Giemsa-Trypsin-Giemsa banding was used to evaluate chromosomal abnormality. The effect of chromosomal abnormality mosaicism on overall survival and transformation to acute leukemia was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 66.3years, and the mean disease duration was 24.2months. Chromosomal abnormality was observed in 32.5% of patients. Patients with chromosomal abnormalities comprising at least 50% metaphases had significantly lower overall survival than patients with abnormality comprising up to 50% of all abnormal metaphases (p=.003). There were no differences in transformation to acute leukemia among patients with higher and lower chromosomal mosaicism (p=.056). CONCLUSION: The most important outcome of this study was to demonstrate worse overall survival rates in MDS patients with higher abnormal chromosomal mosaicism than patients with lesser abnormal chromosomal mosaicism. Higher levels of abnormal chromosomal mosaicism did not predict transformation to acute leukemia. The cause of worse outcomes of patients with higher abnormal chromosomal mosaicism may be related to clonal mass.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Mosaicism , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Demography , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Male , Metaphase , Middle Aged , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology , Survival Analysis , World Health Organization
10.
Endocr Pathol ; 26(3): 218-28, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26209182

ABSTRACT

Prophylactic lymph node dissection is still controversial due to the potentially surgery-related morbidity in management of papillary thyroid carcinomas. So, some histopathological predictors for lymph node metastasis in thyroidectomy specimens may reveal importance. The objective of this study was to define histomorphological indicators of lymph node metastasis in the patients who had been performed thyroidectomy without lymph node dissection. Clinicopathological features of patients archived in Department of Pathology at Trakya University Medical Faculty were reviewed. A total of 211 patients who had been diagnosed as papillary carcinoma and had been performed total thyroidectomy/lobectomy with central/cervical lymph node dissection were included in the study. Clinical features (age, gender, preoperative/postoperative clinical, and laboratory findings) and histopathological features (histological variant, tumor size, focality, extrathyroidal extension, tumor border, lateral tubular growth, intraglandular dissemination, stromal and lymphocytic tumor response, lymphocytic thyroiditis, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, number of metastatic lymph nodes, extranodal extension, size of the metastatic foci) were evaluated. Male gender, conventional variant, tumor size greater than 10 mm, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lateral tubular growth, intraglandular dissemination, lymphocytic and stromal tumor response, and absence of lymphocytic thyroiditis were predictive, and older age (≥45 years) and follicular variant PTC were protective for lymph node metastasis. In order to optimize the management of papillary thyroid carcinomas, pathologists should search for the clues of lymph node metastasis particularly intraglandular dissemination, lateral tubular growth, tumor border and lymphocytic/stromal tumor response, multifocality, concomitant lymphocytic thyroiditis besides the actual prognostic criteria especially in younger aged male patients.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/surgery , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Papillary , Female , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neck Dissection , Prognosis , Thyroid Cancer, Papillary , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Thyroidectomy , Tumor Burden
11.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 11(2): 447-53, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26148616

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the radioprotective efficacies of L-carnitine (LC) and amifostine against radiation-induced acute ovarian damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five, 3-month-old Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups. Control (CONT, n = 7); irradiation alone RT: radiation therapy (RT, n = 8); amifostine plus irradiation (AMI + RT, n = 8); LC plus irradiation (LC + RT, n = 8); LC and sham irradiation (LC, n = 7); and amifostine and sham irradiation (AMI, n = 7). The rats in the AMI + RT, LC + RT and RT groups were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy to the whole abdomen. LC (300 mg/kg) and amifostine (200 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 30 min before irradiation. Five days after irradiation, both antral follicles and corpus luteum in the right ovaries were counted, and tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) were measured. RESULTS: Irradiation significantly decreased antral follicles and corpus luteum (P: 0.005 and P < 0.0001). LC increased the median number of antral follicles and corpus luteum (P: 0.009 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Amifostine improved median corpus luteum numbers but not antral follicle (P < 0.000, P > 0.05). The level of MDA and AOPP significantly increased after irradiation (P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). MDA and AOPP levels were significantly reduced by LC (P: 0.003, P < 0.0001) and amifostine (P < 0.0001, P: 0.018). When comparing CONT group with AMI + RT and LC + RT groups, MDA and AOPP levels were similar (P > 0.005). The levels of both MDA and AOPP were also similar when LC + RT is compared with AMI + RT group (P > 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine and amifostine have a noteworthy and similar radioprotective effect against radiation-induced acute ovarian toxicity.


Subject(s)
Amifostine/pharmacology , Carnitine/pharmacology , Ovarian Diseases/drug therapy , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Female , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Ovarian Diseases/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Rats , Rats, Wistar
13.
Saudi Med J ; 35(11): 1331-8, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25399209

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To collect data on all detectable histologic and immune alterations from the kidneys of 55 autopsy cases. METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. Fifty-five cases were subjected to the study among 248 autopsies that were performed in 2011 and 2012. All kidney samples were evaluated under a light microscope and fresh tissue samples were used for immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemically kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) antibodies were applied to the tissue sections. The glomerular, tubulo-interstitial, and vascular alterations, as well as immune depositions were noted. RESULTS: The microscopic morphology was close to normal histology in only 23 cases, and 23 cases had glomerular alterations. Nineteen cases had at least one immune deposition. There was immunoglobulin A deposition in 13 cases, and 9 cases showed positivity for both κ and λ immunohistochemically, and there was no clonal positivity. CONCLUSION: The most striking outcome of our study is the high rate of immune depositions. There was also a significant number of glomerular and non-glomerular renal alterations. 


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin A/immunology , Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/immunology , Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/immunology , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Kidney/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Autopsy , Female , Forensic Pathology , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/metabolism , Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/metabolism , Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney/immunology , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney Diseases/immunology , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney Glomerulus/immunology , Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism , Kidney Glomerulus/pathology , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Turkey , Young Adult
14.
Med Oncol ; 30(1): 357, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23275116

ABSTRACT

Analyses of gene expression status and genetic polymorphisms are methods to identify novel histopathological prognostic factors. In patients with gastric cancer, some cell cycle regulators p53, p21, p27 and Her-2 oncogene have been proposed as prognostic factors. We aimed to investigate the expression and mutation/polymorphism of p21 and Her-2 and also relationship between that genes status and histopathological factors and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Forty-four patients with locally advanced gastric cancer were analyzed in this study from January 2000 to December 2008. Clinicopathological parameters, expression and mutation/polymorphism of p21 and Her-2 results were used to predict disease-free survival and overall survival. The positive expression of p21 and Her-2 was observed in 61.4 % (n = 27) and 9.1 % (n = 4) of all 44 tumors, respectively. p21 gene mutation and Her-2 gene polymorphism were detected in 20 % (n = 11) and 2.3 % (n = 1, II phenotype) of cases, respectively. The negative expression of p21 was correlated significantly with diffuse and undifferential type histologies, whole gastric involvement and positive vascular/neural invasion. The median survival rate of patients with negative expression was significantly poorer than that of patients with positive expression of p21 (17 vs. 27 months, p = 0.01, cox regression). p21 mutation was significantly higher in patients with diffuse (p = 0.03) and undifferential (p = 0.02) type histologies. There was no statistically significant association between histopathological parameters and Her-2 gene polymorphism/expression. The negative expression of p21 correlates with disease survival and may be a poor prognostic factor in patients with resected gastric cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics , Genes, erbB-2/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/mortality , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Genotype , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Stomach Neoplasms/mortality , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
15.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol ; 137(12): 1749-62, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21909647

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Several studies performed on pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) have demonstrated a loss of expression and negative tumor modulator effect in gastric carcinoma. Relations between PDX1 and gastric metaplasia, differentiated type of gastric carcinoma, and the early stage of the disease have been exhibited in previous reports. The aim of this study was to examine expressions of PDX1, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and mucin (MUC) profiles to address the role of PDX1 in gastric carcinogenesis and its relationship with CDX2. METHODS: Seventy gastrectomy specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically for PDX1, CDX2, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expressions. The sum of cytoplasmic and nuclear PDX1 immunostaining and PDX1 positivity were assessed. All of the antibodies were examined for a correlation with tumor type, clinicopathologic parameters, and metaplasias. The relation of Ki-67 proliferation index with the expression profiles was also investigated. RESULTS: Neither PDX1 (66/70) nor CDX2 (37/70) and the mucin profiles (MUC2:11/70, MUC5AC:48/70, MUC6:41/70) showed a significant difference between differentiated and undifferentiated types of gastric carcinoma and clinicopathologic parameters. The PDX1 expression frequency was 94.3%, with an average PDX1 score of 8.8 ± 4.2. PDX1 and CDX2 expression showed a significant difference (P = 0.026 and P = 0.002, respectively) among the phenotypic classification of gastric carcinomas. All of the gastric and intestinal mixed-phenotype gastric carcinomas (GI-type) showed both PDX1 and CDX2 immunopositivity. Except for the relation of PDX1 score with MUC6 expression, no significant difference was detected between PDX1 and CDX2, MUC2, and MUC5AC expressions. A relationship between CDX2 and MUC2 and also between MUC5AC and MUC6 was found statistically. The Ki-67 proliferation index revealed a significant positive correlation with PDX1, CDX2, and MUC2 positivity. CONCLUSIONS: PDX1 expression revealed a higher positivity in gastric carcinomas than the previous studies and showed no relation with tumor type, clinicopathologic parameters, CDX2 expression, or mucin profiles. However, a significant relation of PDX1 and CDX2 expressions among phenotypic classification of gastric carcinomas reveals an idea about similar functions for PDX1 and CDX2 in the evolution of gastric carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Homeodomain Proteins/physiology , Mucins/physiology , Stomach Neoplasms/chemistry , Trans-Activators/physiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , CDX2 Transcription Factor , Female , Homeodomain Proteins/analysis , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Male , Middle Aged , Mucin 5AC/analysis , Mucin 5AC/physiology , Mucin-2/analysis , Mucin-2/physiology , Mucin-6/analysis , Mucin-6/physiology , Mucins/analysis , Phenotype , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Trans-Activators/analysis
16.
Med Oncol ; 27(1): 45-8, 2010 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19165637

ABSTRACT

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura is an uncommon neoplasm with non-specific symptoms and non-pathognomonical radiological findings. Surgery allows establishment of a definitive diagnosis as well as a cure of the disease. The role of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the management of the disease is unclear because of the rarity of the disease and the successful results of the surgical treatment. Long-term clinical follow-up may be useful for the patients with SFT because of the potential adverse biological behavior of this tumor, which may lead to repeated recurrences and/or malignant transformation. We reported a 66-year-old woman with recurrence of SFT in the right lung, which had significant response to external thoracic radiotherapy.


Subject(s)
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy , Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural/radiotherapy , Aged , Dyspnea/etiology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/physiopathology , Palliative Care , Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural/pathology , Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
17.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol ; 36(5-6): 523-30, 2009 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19673935

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of the present study was to compare the protective effects of L-carnitine and amifostine against radiation-induced late nephrotoxicity using technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scintigraphy and histopathological examination. 2. Seventy-one Albino rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: (i) AMI + RAD (n = 15), 200 mg/kg, i.p., amifostine 30 min prior to irradiation (a single dose of 9 Gy); (ii) LC + RAD (n = 15), 300 mg/kg, i.p., L-carnitine 30 min prior to irradiation; (iii) LC (n = 10), 300 mg/kg, i.p., L-carnitine 30 min prior to sham irradiation; (iv) AMI (n = 10), 200 mg/kg, i.p., amifostine 30 min prior to sham irradiation; RAD (n = 11), 1 mL/kg, i.p., normal saline 30 min prior to irradiation; and (vi) control (n = 10), 1 mL/kg, i.p., normal saline 30 min prior to sham irradiation. Scintigraphy was performed before treatment and again 6 months after treatment. Kidneys were examined by light microscopy and a histopathological scoring system was used to assess the degree of renal damage. 3. The main histopathological findings were proximal tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis. Glomerular injury was similar in all groups. Tubular degeneration and atrophy were less common in the AMI + RAD group than in the RAD group (P = 0.011 and P = 0.015, respectively), as well as in the LC + RAD group compared with the RAD group (P = 0.028 and P = 0.036, respectively). Interstitial fibrosis in the AMI + RAD and LC + RAD groups was significantly less than that in the RAD group (P = 0.015 and P = 0.015, respectively). The highest total renal injury score (9) was seen in the RAD group. On scintigraphy, there were significant differences in post-treatment time to peak count (T(max)) and time from peak count to half count (T((1/2))) values (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) between groups in the right kidney. In the control and RAD groups, the T((1/2)) of the right kidney was 8 +/- 2 and 21 +/- 2 min, respectively. The T(max) values for the AMI + RAD and LC + RAD groups (2.8 +/- 0.2 and 3.2 +/- 0.2 min, respectively) were similar to those in the control group (2.5 +/- 0.3 min). 4. Based on the results of the present study, L-carnitine and amifostine have comparable and significant protective effects against radiation-induced late nephrotoxicity.


Subject(s)
Amifostine/therapeutic use , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Cytoprotection/drug effects , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/prevention & control , Amifostine/pharmacology , Animals , Carnitine/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Female , Kidney/pathology , Kidney/radiation effects , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Prodrugs/pharmacology , Prodrugs/therapeutic use , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/diagnostic imaging , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/pathology , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Radiation-Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Random Allocation , Rats , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate , Treatment Outcome
18.
Rev Port Pneumol ; 14(5): 709-13, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18781272

ABSTRACT

Tumours that metastasise to groin nodes most frequently originate in genital and reproductive organs, skin, rectum or anus, or urinary bladder. However, rare cases of inguinal metastases from tumours above the diaphragm have been reported and only three of them had an inguinal metastasis which was recognised antemortem and reported in detail in the English medical literature. The primary tumours of these cases were malignant mesothelioma, salivary duct and breast carcinoma. In this paper, we report a case of carcinoma of the lung metastatic to an inguinal lymph node as the only evidence of progressive lung cancer.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Disease Progression , Humans , Inguinal Canal , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged
19.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 24(5): 567-73, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18357459

ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate histopathological changes, to detect HIF-1alpha staining intensities and to determine MDA levels in rat ovaries, which were subjected to torsion and detorsion and treated with L -carnitine or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Forty-eight prepubertal female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): 1, control; 2, ischemia; 3, reperfusion; 4, L -carnitine; and 5, NAC groups. In groups 3, 4 and 5, an ischemic period of 3 h was followed by reperfusion for 24 h. In groups 4 and 5, ischemia was performed and either L -carnitine or NAC was infused intraperitoneally 30 min before reperfusion. Ovarian tissues were examined histopathologically; tissue MDA levels and serum IL-6 levels were determined biochemically. HIF-1alpha was applied to all ovaries immunohistochemically. Total tissue damage scores, tissue MDA levels and HIF-1alpha scores, were significantly higher in group 2 (all P < 0.001) than group 4, and group 3 than group 4 (P < 0.001, P = 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). They were also significantly higher in group 2 (all P < 0.001) than group 5. When group 3 is compared to group 5, total tissue damage scores and tissue MDA levels were significantly higher in the former (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in group 2 when compared to groups 1, 4 and 5 (all P < 0.01). The degree of tissue damage of the torsioned ovaries decreased after a reperfusion period of 24 h in the torsioned ovaries. However, ovaries of both L -carnitine and NAC groups showed better recovery than the reperfusion group.


Subject(s)
Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Ovarian Diseases/pathology , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Torsion Abnormality/pathology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Interleukin-6/blood , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Ovarian Diseases/drug therapy , Ovarian Diseases/metabolism , Ovary/blood supply , Ovary/metabolism , Ovary/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Torsion Abnormality/complications , Torsion Abnormality/drug therapy , Torsion, Mechanical , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use
20.
Auris Nasus Larynx ; 35(3): 443-6, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17964101

ABSTRACT

The incidence of skeletal muscle metastases is reported to be less than 1% of metastases of haematogenous origin. Distant skeletal muscle metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are exceedingly rare. Only a case with tongue carcinoma metastasized to paravertebral muscles, has been reported so far. The reasons for the rarity of metastatic involvement of skeletal muscle are still unclear. The presence of skeletal muscle metastases in the setting of disseminated disease offers no hope for curative treatment. We report an unusual case of a 63-year-old patient with tongue carcinoma metastasizing to the left shoulder muscles. To our knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported in the English medical literature.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Muscle Neoplasms/secondary , Shoulder , Tongue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Glossectomy , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Muscle Neoplasms/diagnosis , Muscle Neoplasms/pathology , Muscle Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Staging , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Tongue/pathology , Tongue Neoplasms/pathology , Tongue Neoplasms/radiotherapy
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