ABSTRACT
We collected data on 1054 children admitted to Ebola Holding Units in Sierra Leone and describe outcomes of 697/1054 children testing negative for Ebola virus disease (EVD) and accompanying caregivers. Case-fatality was 9%; 3/630 (0.5%) children discharged testing negative were readmitted EVD-positive. Nosocomial EVD transmission risk may be lower than feared.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/mortality , Cross Infection/transmission , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/mortality , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/transmission , Patient Isolation/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/therapy , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Ebolavirus , Female , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Sierra Leone/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Satranidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole derivative, was tested for its activity against reference strains and clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria in vitro and in two murine models of anaerobic infection in comparison with metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and clindamycin. The MIC90 of satranidazole against 50 clinical isolates of anaerobes was 0.25 mg/l which was four-fold lower than the MIC90 of metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole (MIC90 = 1.0 mg/l). In a fatal murine infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum, ATCC 27852, the ED50 of satranidazole was 2.1 +/- 0.62 mg/kg while for metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole and clindamycin, the values were 11.31 +/- 1.99, 8.70 +/- 2.21, 13.19 +/- 2.39 and 7.10 +/- 1.73 respectively. In a subcutaneous Bacteroides fragilis abscess in mice, satranidazole alone produced a three log reduction in cfu of the infecting organism at 10 mg/kg, the lowest dose tested. At 100 mg/kg, only satranidazole and clindamycin effected a complete sterilization of abscesses.
