ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism is associated with high renin-angiotensin system causing myocardial fibrosis and ventricular repolarization abnormality. Based on these findings, this study was designed to determine the association between ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and QT dispersion after acute myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The study included 108 patients with acute MI. Blood samples were obtained from all the patients for genomic DNA analysis. ECGs were recorded at baseline and at the end of a 6-month follow up. The OT dispersion was manually calculated. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 57.5 ±9.9 years (ranging from 36 to 70). The patients with DD genotype showed longer QT dispersion than patients with II or DI genotype at the baseline, while at the end of the six-month follow up the patients with DI genotype showed longer QT dispersion than patients with DD or II genotypes. However, the magnitude of the QT dispersion prolongation was higher in patients carrying the ACE D allele than patients who were not carrying it, at baseline and at the end of six-month follow up (52.5 ±2.6 msn vs. 47.5±2.1 msn at baseline, 57±3.2 msn vs. 53±2.6 msn in months, P: 0.428 and P: 0.613, respectively). CONCLUSION: Carriers of the D allele of ACE gene I/D polymorphism may be associated with QT dispersion prolongation in patients with MI.An interaction of QT dispersion and ACE gene polymorphism may be associated with an elevation of serum type I-C terminal pro-collagen concentration, possibly leading to myocardial fibrosis, and increased action potential duration.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the two different directions of tumescent solution delivery (from distal to proximal knee to the saphenofemoral junction [SFJ] or proximal to distal SFJ to the knee) in terms of differences in tumescent volume, number of punctures, and pain and comfort scores of patients. METHODS: A total of 100 patients were treated with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) under local anesthesia between August 2013 and October 2013. These 100 patients were divided into two groups. In group 1, tumescent solution was delivered in a proximal to distal direction. In group 2, the tumescent solution was delivered in a distal to proximal direction. In each group, the great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter, delivered total energy, treated GSV length, delivered tumescent volume, number of punctures, and pain and comfort scores were recorded for each patient. RESULTS: All patients were treated unilaterally. EVLA was performed with 100% technical success in all patients. There was no difference statistically between group 1 and group 2 according to GSV diameter, delivered total energy, and treated GSV length. Average tumescent volume, number of punctures, and pain scores in group 2 were lower than in group 1 (p = 0.0001; p < 0.05). Also, the average comfort score was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.0001; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We believe that delivering the tumescent solution in a distal to proximal direction increases the comfort of both patient and surgeon with lower tumescent volume during the EVLA of the GSV.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Laser Therapy/methods , Pain/prevention & control , Saphenous Vein/surgery , Varicose Veins/surgery , Adult , Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Laser Therapy/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Pain/diagnosis , Pain/etiology , Pain Measurement , Patient Satisfaction , Prospective Studies , Punctures , Treatment Outcome , Varicose Veins/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of lidocaine, prilocaine, and bupivacaine used in tumescent solution during endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) on intraoperative and postoperative pain. METHODS: This prospective randomized study included 90 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups including 30 patients in each group, according to the content of local anesthetics in tumescent solution. All patients received EVLT treatment with lidocaine in group 1, prilocaine in group 2, and bupivacaine in group 3. Visual analog scale was used for the evaluation of intraoperative and postoperative pain. RESULTS: The mean intraoperative pain score was 2.27 ± 1.53 in group 1, 1.97 ± 1.54 in group 2, and 3.05 ± 0.73 in group 3. On the first day postoperatively, the mean pain score was 2.57 ± 1.7 in group 1, 3.27 ± 1.23 in group 2, and 1.13 ± 0.94 in group 3 (P = 0.0001). Intraoperative and postoperative mean pain scores during first day follow-up were significantly lower in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Tumescent anesthesia is the most critical component of EVLT to improve comfort by reducing the pain. Therefore, we conclude that bupivacaine is an optimal alternative to lidocaine and prilocaine in tumescent anesthesia and can be used safely.
