Effectiveness of ShotBlocker application on reducing the pain of needle-related procedures in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PROBLEM: Needle-related procedures are quite common throughout life, especially during childhood. Pain caused by these procedures is the most common complication. ShotBlocker is an alternative non-pharmacological method to reduce pain during injection-related procedures. However, the effectiveness of the ShotBlocker application in children for reducing pain needle-related procedures remains unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ShotBlocker application on pain during needle-related procedures in children from Randomized Controlled Trials. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Eight electronic databases were searched until November 2023 for articles published in English. The methodological quality and evidence strength were appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the GRADE approach. A random-effects model was used to determine the effect of the ShotBlocker application on pain levels. The review included results involving assessments from the child, parents, and an observer in pain evaluation. SAMPLE: A total of nine studies with 1205 children patients were included. RESULTS: The evaluation data showed that ShotBlocker application significantly reduced the pain caused by needle-related procedures in children. The Cochrane GRADE approach showed moderate level evidence for the effect of ShotBlocker application on pain during needle procedures. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the studies included in this meta-analysis, it was determined that ShotBlocker application significantly reduced the pain caused by needle-related procedures in children. IMPLICATIONS: ShotBlocker, a non-pharmacological method, can be used by pediatric nurses to reduce pain during needle-related procedures in children. Randomized controlled studies with well-designed methods are needed to create strong evidence in this field.

Body image and social appearance anxiety in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy: Across-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The body image of patients with cancer can be negatively affected due to treatment toxicities. Changes in body image may cause patients to experience social appearance anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the body image and social appearance anxiety of patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 153 patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy in a university hospital. The data were collected with a Patient Information Form, the Body Image Scale, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Skin Toxicity Criteria. RESULTS: Patients' mean body image score was 15.18 ± 8.26 (min = 0, max = 30), mean social appearance anxiety score was 45.29 ± 14.50 (min = 16, max = 80). Patients with low education levels and low-income levels had higher body image and social appearance anxiety scores (p < 0.01). Body image and social appearance anxiety scores were found to be higher in patients with advanced cancer, grade III-IV skin toxicity, pain, fatigue, and constipation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy may negatively affect body image and social appearance anxiety. Assessments of body image and social appearance anxiety regularly before, during, and after treatment are essential. Psychosocial support should be provided to patients to reduce body image and social appearance anxiety and increase their well-being. Patients with cancer especially those who have low income and education levels, advanced cancer stage and skin toxicity, and suffer from pain, fatigue, constipation, etc. should be supported by methods such as counseling and social support groups.

An Investigation into Student Dietitians' Professional Development through Video-Mediated Communication Training on Patient Counselling.

The aim of the study is to describe a student dietitian's professional development process in a video-mediated communication skills training cycle designed for undergraduate nutrition and dietetics education and including activities such as simulated and real patient counseling, feedback, and reflection. The design of the training cycle is inspired by (reflective) interventionist Conversation Analysis (CA) through researcher and trainer collaboration, and the data comes from the screen-recordings of video-mediated meetings. CA is used to analyze the video-mediated interactions on a moment-by-basis and trace the student dietitian's interactional change over time. CA examination of the data showed that the trainer identified listenership in simulated sessions as an improvable practice (i.e. due to repetitive overlaps and cutoffs) and used it as the basis for the intervention. In the post-intervention period, the student dietitian observably improved her listenership both in simulated and real patient counseling sessions. The video-mediated, interventionist, reflective, and data-led cycle played a role in the development of the interactional and professional practice of the student dietitian in ways transferrable to real patient counseling. The training cycle with evidence-based lectures, data-led interventions, and simulated/real patient counseling can be integrated to dietetics education curricula both for clinical communication training and preparing for future teleconsultation practices.

Analysis of 50 Most Cited Articles About Refractive Surgery From an Altmetric Perspective.

AIMS: The purpose of this study is to evaluate an Altmetric analysis of the 50 most cited refractive surgery articles in Ophthalmology journals and to compare them with traditional metrics. METHODS: The term "refractive surgery" was searched, using a time filter between 2010-2020 in the Web of Science core collection database. The 50 most cited articles between 2010 and 2020 were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed. The Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between traditional metrics and Altmetrics. RESULTS: The Altmetric scores of the top 50 articles ranged from 0 to 25, and the median Altmetric score was 4. The citation numbers of the 50 articles ranged from 83 to 523, and the median citation number was 119.5. The most cited article topic was "Toric Intraocular Lens"; the topics with the highest Altmetric scores were "Toric Intraocular Lens" and "Trifocal Intraocular Lens". There was no significant correlation between Altmetric scores and number of citations. There was a weak correlation between Altmetric scores and the average citation per year. CONCLUSION: The Altmetric score is insufficient, compared with traditional metrics, to show the scientific value of articles on refractive surgery. Altmetrics can be used to supplement traditional metrics.

The effect of a fatigue self-management program based on individual and family self-management theory in cancer patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Fatigue Self-Management Program based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory on fatigue, daily living activities, and well-being in cancer patients. METHODS: This randomized controlled single-blind experimental study was carried out between November 2020 and April 2022. A total of 94 patients with advanced cancer, 47 in each group, were included in the study, and 57 participants completed the study. Data were collected using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and Well-Being Questionnaire-22. The Fatigue Self-Management Program based on Individual and Family Self-Management Theory was delivered to the intervention group with two face-to-face and two tele-monitoring sessions. No intervention was applied to the control group, who received only routine care. RESULTS: The mean score of fatigue in the intervention group compared to the control group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05); daily living activities mean scores were higher than the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). The mean scores of depression and anxiety in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group; energy, positive well-being, and general well-being mean scores were found to be higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The Fatigue Self-Management Program effectively reduces the fatigue experienced by cancer patients and increases their well-being but it does not increase their independence in daily living activities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT04822220.

The Effect of Psychoeducational Interventions on Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of cancer patients. Psychoeducation is often used in the management of cancer-related fatigue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to synthesize the effects of psychoeducational interventions on cancer-related fatigue. METHODS: This article is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. The 11 electronic databases were searched, and studies using psychoeducational interventions to manage cancer-related fatigue were included. Data synthesis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0. The random-effects model was used to pool the effect size for intervention. The subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the characteristics of psychoeducational interventions. This study was reported according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention version 6.3 and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. RESULTS: This analysis included 10 studies with a total of 1369 participants. Most of the included studies compared the psychoeducational intervention group with the passive control group. Our meta-analysis revealed that psychoeducational intervention has a positive medium effect on improving cancer-related fatigue with a low quality of evidence. Subgroup analyses indicated no difference between group and individual interventions, between face-to-face and digital interventions, or between ≤3 and >3 sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Psychoeducational interventions can improve cancer-related fatigue. Additional well-designed randomized controlled studies are needed to upgrade the quality of evidence for psychoeducational interventions on cancer-related fatigue. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses may practice psychoeducational interventions to manage cancer-related fatigue and may use this study design for randomized controlled studies for psychoeducational interventions on cancer-related fatigue.

The Role of Zinc on Liver Fibrosis by Modulating ZIP14 Expression Throughout Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms.

Zinc plays a pivotal role in tissue regeneration and maintenance being as a central cofactor in a plethora of enzymatic activities. Hypozincemia is commonly seen with chronic liver disease and is associated with an increased risk of liver fibrosis development and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously favorable effects of zinc supplementation on liver fibrosis have been shown. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect is not elucidated. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by using CCl4 injection, followed by treatment with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) both at fibrotic and sham groups, and their hepatocytes were isolated. Our results showed that the administration of ZnCl2 restored the depleted cytosolic zinc levels in the hepatocytes isolated from the fibrotic group. Also, alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression in hepatocytes was decreased, indicating a reversal of the fibrotic process. Notably, ZIP14 expression significantly increased in the fibrotic group following ZnCl2 treatment, whereas in the sham group ZIP14 expression decreased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments revealed an increased binding percentage of Metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) on ZIP14 promoter in the hepatocytes isolated from fibrotic mice compared to the sham group after ZnCl2 administration. In the same group, the binding percentage of the histone deacetylase HDAC4 on ZIP14 promoter decreased. Our results suggest that the ZnCl2 treatment ameliorates liver fibrosis by elevating intracellular zinc levels through MTF1-mediated regulation of ZIP14 expression and the reduction of ZIP14 deacetylation via HDAC4. The restoration of intracellular zinc concentrations and the modulation of ZIP14 expression by zinc orchestrated through MTF1 and HDAC4, appear to be essential determinants of the therapeutic response in hepatic fibrosis. These findings pave the way for potential novel interventions targeting zinc-related pathways for the treatment of liver fibrosis and associated conditions.

Global Trends and Hotspots in Nursing Research on Decision Support Systems: A Bibliometric Analysis in CiteSpace.

Decision support systems have been widely used in healthcare in recent years; however, there is lack of evidence on global trends and hotspots. This descriptive bibliometric study aimed to analyze bibliometric patterns of decision support systems in nursing. Data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. Published research articles on decision support systems in nursing were identified. Co-occurrence and co-citation analysis was performed using CiteSpace version 6.1.R2. In total, 165 articles were analyzed. A total of 358 authors and 257 institutions from 20 countries contributed to this research field. The most productive authors were Andrew Johnson, Suzanne Bakken, Alessandro Febretti, Eileen S. O'Neill, and Kathryn H. Bowles. The most productive country and institution were the United States and Duke University, respectively. The top 10 keywords were "care," "clinical decision support," "clinical decision support system," "decision support system," "electronic health record," "system," "nursing informatics," "guideline," "decision support," and "outcomes." Common themes on keywords were planning intervention, national health information infrastructure, and methodological challenge. This study will help to find potential partners, countries, and institutions for future researchers, practitioners, and scholars. Additionally, it will contribute to health policy development, evidence-based practice, and further studies for researchers, practitioners, and scholars.

Coping strategies and its relationship with sexual dysfunction in adults receiving haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To explore relationship coping strategies and sexual dysfunction, and the predictive factors of sexual dysfunction in adults receiving haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. BACKGROUND: Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in adults receiving haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. This problem may be related to psychological and physiological conditions. However, the association between psychological conditions such as coping strategies and sexual dysfunction is not clearly understood. DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The data were collected from November 2021 to July 2022 using the General Information Form, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale: Female and Male Versions, and the Ways of Coping Inventory. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and sexual dysfunction. REPORTING METHOD: STROBE checklist. RESULTS: A total of 110 adults, 67 on haemodialysis and 43 on peritoneal dialysis, who met the eligibility criteria were included in this study. The optimistic, helpless and submissive approach sub-dimensions of coping strategies had positive correlation with sexual dysfunction in adults receiving haemodialysis. Among the sub-dimensions of the ways of coping inventory, helpless approach was positive predictor and seeking social support was negative predictor of sexual dysfunction in adults receiving haemodialysis. The coping strategies were not predictors of sexual dysfunction for adults receiving peritoneal dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that helpless coping strategy increases sexual dysfunction, and seeking social support decreases sexual dysfunction in haemodialysis. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: According to this study, social support is effective coping strategy for reducing sexual dysfunction. Education and support for effective coping strategies should be provided to dialysis patients by healthcare professionals at the start of dialysis treatment. Effective coping strategies should be integrated into routine care standards and nursing or hospital policies. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Adults receiving haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis were involved in this study.

The association of mental health literacy with mental well-being and help-seeking in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PROBLEM: It is important to determine the relationship between mental health literacy (MHL), mental well-being and help seeking in young people in terms of guiding research and practices related to MHL. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: A literature scan of the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Ovid, Taylor & Francis and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global was conducted in May 2022 and April 2023 without any year limitations. SAMPLE: A total of 12 studies with 4659 young people were included. Data synthesis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to calculate the effect size. RESULTS: It was concluded that there was no correlation between MHL and mental well-being in young people (p > 0.05, r = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.05 to 0.16). A positive correlation was found between MHL with help seeking attitude (p < 0.01, r = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.63) and help-seeking intention (p < 0.01, r = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.34). CONCLUSION: While there was a medium effect size between MHL and help seeking attitude in young people, there was a weak effect size between MHL and help seeking intention. No studies were found examining the relationship between MHL and help-seeking behavior in young people. IMPLICATIONS: Nurses may provide support for young people in help seeking by giving education and counselling on MHL in schools and health institutions, and by creating reliable and easily accessible sources of information.

The effect of nurse-led diabetes self-management programmes on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.

AIMS: This review aimed to examine the content, frequency, duration, and outcomes of nurse-led diabetes self-management programmes on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. BACKGROUND: Diabetes self-management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes to acquire specific behavioural changes and develop effective problem-solving skills. DESIGN: A systematic review was used in this study. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, CINAHL, Proquest and Scopus databases were searched for studies published in English until February 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. REVIEW METHODS: This study followed the recommendations of the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eight studies with 1747 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included telephone coaching, consultation services and individual and group education. The duration of the intervention ranged from 3 to 15 months. The results showed that nurse-led diabetes self-management programmes had positive and clinically significant effects on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the important role of nurses in improving self-management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The positive outcomes of this review offer suggestions for health care professionals to develop effective self-management programnmes in type 2 diabetes treatment and care.

Hotspots and Global Trends of Nursing Research on Telehealth From 2012 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis by CiteSpace.

Telehealth is commonly used in nursing in recent years; however, there is a lack of information on hotspots and global trends over time. This study aimed to analyze the bibliometric patterns of telehealth research in nursing. This is a descriptive bibliometric study. Data were obtained from Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace version 6.1.R6 was used to perform analysis. The co-occurrence and co-citation analyses were conducted. A total of 1365 articles were analyzed. A total of 354 authors and 352 institutions from 68 countries have contributed telehealth research in nursing. The most productive author was Kathryn H. Bowles with six articles. The United States with 688 articles and University of Pennsylvania with 22 articles were the most productive country and institution, respectively. The top 10 keywords on this research area were care , intervention , management , health , technology , quality of life , outcome , mobile application , telemedicine , and experience . In addition, the common themes on keywords were nurse practitioner student perception, hemodialysis patients, and heart failure. The study will help to finding potential collaborators, countries, and institutions for future researchers. In addition, it will guide researchers, practitioners, and scholars in further studies, health policy development, and evidence-based practice on telehealth in nursing.

Effectiveness of virtual reality interventions on physiological and psychological outcomes of adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the effectiveness of virtual reality interventions on the physiological and psychological outcomes of adults with cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Database searches were carried out in CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Ovid without restriction of year up to December 2021. The study was carried out in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane 2021 recommendations. The intervention effects were pooled using the random effects model. The Risk of Bias 2 tool was' used to assess the risk of bias. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. FINDINGS: In total, 14 trials were included. The included studies found a significantly higher effect on anxiety (Hedge's g = -0.85, 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.14, p = 0.01) and a medium effect on physical functional capacity (Hedge's g = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.01 to 1.08, p = 0.05), stress (Hedge's g = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.11, p = 0.01), and depression (Hedge's g = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.11, p = 0.01) compared to the control group. The Cochrane GRADE approach showed low level evidence for the effect of virtual reality on anxiety and moderate level evidence for stress, depression, and physical functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The effect size and grade evaluation results showed that virtual reality may be an effective intervention to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression and to increase physical functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, more study is necessary in order to establish evidence. REGISTRATION: Registered in the PROSPERO database: PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews Registration number: CRD42022296578.

Research Trends and Hot Topics on Virtual Reality in Nursing: A Bibliometric Analysis Using CiteSpace.

This bibliometric analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of virtual reality in nursing, and to identify the research trends and hot topics in this field. Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database in May and June 2022, and analyses were performed using CiteSpace 6.1.R2. A total of 885 studies on virtual reality were included in the bibliometric analysis; 3570 authors from 1283 institutions and 60 countries contributed, and the studies were published in 356 different journals. It will be important for researchers and health professionals to determine the research trends, current issues, and research gaps on virtual reality in nursing.

The effects of virtual reality-based exercise in adults receiving haemodialysis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the effects of virtual reality-based exercise on physical function, depression symptoms and quality of life in adults receiving haemodialysis. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3. The random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool intervention effects. A total of five studies were included. The majority of included studies compared intervention with passive control group. This meta-analysis showed with a moderate to high quality of evidence that virtual reality-based exercise has positive medium effect on improving physical function such as gait speed (g = .40, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.81), sit to stand 10 times (g = -.41, 95% CI -0.825 to -0.009), sit to stand in 60 s (g = .56, 95% CI 0.151 to 0.974), 6-min walk test (g = .66, 95% CI 0.247 to 1.079), not affect time up and go and sit to stand five times. The study indicated with moderate quality of evidence that virtual reality-based exercise had no effect on depression symptoms. The study also showed with a moderate quality of evidence that the intervention had a positive medium effect on improving physical function (g = .64, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.09). In conclusion, virtual reality-based exercise can be performed to improve physical function and quality of life of adults receiving haemodialysis for health professionals.

The effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis management in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis management in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis is among the most common symptoms of stem cell transplantation. Cryotherapy may be an important treatment option in the oral mucositis process. DESIGN: A systematic review. DATA SOURCES: A literature review of studies published in the English language was conducted on Web of Science, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE databases until April 2022. The studies reviewed covered the years between 2006 and 2020. The data were summarized narratively. REVIEW METHODS: This systematic review was organized in accordance with the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the systematic review. No significant publication bias was found in the main results. The results showed that the cryotherapy intervention had a positive effect on oral mucositis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials, the majority of the studies show that cryotherapy intervention can be an effective method for reducing oral mucositis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation.

Coffee-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Are They the Secret Heroes?

BACKGROUND: Regular coffee consumption has beneficial and preventative effects on liver and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. However, the studies performed with the ingredients found in coffee beverages have not clarified the responsible mechanisms. Exosomes are small, membrane-coated cargo packages secreted by prokaryote and eukaryote cells. Exosomes regulate intercellular communication and affect cellular metabolic activities even among different species. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize the edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles from roasted hot coffee beverages, hypothesizing that the edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles were responsible for the beneficial effects of coffee. METHODS: Size exclusion chromatography and commercial kits were used for the isolation process. Efficient coffee edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticle fractions were determined by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Harvested coffee edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The quantification procedure was performed using a commercial kit. Coffee edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles' proliferative effects on human hepatic stellate cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were studied using an MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. Whole-exosome RNA sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Transmission electron microscopy scanning analysis indicated round-shaped nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 40 to 100 nm. Both size exclusion chromatography and kit-isolated edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticle samples showed maximum absorbance at 227.5 nm in ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer analysis. Regarding the quantitation results, kit isolation was more efficient than the size exclusion chromatography method when the harvested particle numbers were compared. An important MTT assay finding confirmed the observed beneficial effects of coffee beverages: coffee edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles significantly suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. As a result of sequencing, we identified 15 mature miRNAs. A MapReduce-based MicroRNA Target Prediction Method (The DIANA tools' MR-microT algorithm) highlighted 2 genes specifically associated with the miRNAs that we obtained: KMT2C and ZNF773. CONCLUSION: For the first time in the literature, coffee edible plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles were identified. These nanoparticles may have therapeutic effects on chronic liver diseases. Experimental studies, therefore, should be performed on disease models to demonstrate their efficacy.

Orem's Theory with Educational Telephone Follow-ups: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The authors of this study examined the effect of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory (OSCDT) based education and telephone follow-ups on the self-care agency, anxiety, loneliness, and well-being of patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy. In this study, data of 47 patients with colorectal cancer (randomly assigned into the intervention or control group) were collected between April 2016 and March 2017 from a university hospital's daytime chemotherapy unit in Turkey. Before chemotherapy, the intervention group was given individualized education based on the OSCDT and an educational booklet. After chemotherapy treatments, these patients received a telephone follow-up call. The control group received only routine nursing care. The self-care agency and general well-being, and its sub-dimensions, of the intervention group increased, and its state-trait anxiety and loneliness levels decreased, when compared with the control group. Nurses must play a more active role in education and follow-ups, and telephone follow-ups should be included in nursing care in chemotherapy units.

Effectiveness of Music Intervention on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of music intervention on postoperative nausea and vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS: The study was conducted according to recommendations from Cochrane Handbook. The studies were selected based on PICOS inclusion and exclusion criteria. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used for bias assessment and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was used for reporting the study. Data was analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 3 software. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using both fixed and random-effect models. FINDINGS: There were 576 patients in the seven studies who met the inclusion criteria. The number of participants ranged from 58 to 163. Music was implemented in postoperative, intraoperative, and perioperative periods. Meta-analyses revealed that music interventions significantly reduced postoperative vomiting (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.63, Z = 2.07, P < 0.05, Hedge's g = 0.32), and had no statistical significant effect on postoperative nausea (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.70, Z = 1.34, P > 0.05, Hedge's g = 0.28). CONCLUSION: Music intervention is effective in decreasing postoperative vomiting. Music intervention can be applied by healthcare professionals and the patients. However, more studies are still necessary to estimate the effects of postoperative nausea and vomiting and to increase the amount of available evidence. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020209691.