[Algorithm of identification of atypical variants of Staphylococci, pathogens of chronic pyo-inflammatory processes in humans].

Staphylococcal pathogens of chronic relapsing infections, such as cystic pneumosclerosis and osteomyelitis are characterized by atypical morphology of the colonies (atypical variants of staphylococci) and present a subpopulation in clinically significant staphylococci. Since the loss of some phenotypic characteristics important for the genus Staphylococcus due to mutations, identification of such staphylococcal variants is difficult and sometimes impossible. An algorithm of identification of atypical variants of S.aureus (SSCVs) was developed. The advantages of the molecular methods and in particular the tRNA-PCR analysis, as well as the use of the diagnostic preparation Diastaph for correct identification of Staphylococcus atypical variants were shown.

[Characteristics of atypical forms of staphylococci (SCVs) isolated from patients with osteomyelitis].

Small-colony variants (SCVs), isolated from a population of the parental strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis lost a number of features typical of the species and genus and were characterized by delayed growth, altered colony morphology, lack of pigmentation and changed carbohydrate consumption. Some SCVs of S. aureus had no plasmocoagulase and lecithinase activities. The analysis of 14 SCVs showed that they were auxotrophic for hemin and menadione and resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Such aberrant phenotypic characteristics complicated or made it impossible their identification by the common clinical laboratory methods. The tRNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism analysis was used to identify the atypical forms of the staphylococci.

[Effect of biological fluids of the body on antimicrobial activity of ethonium-modified suture material]. / Vliianie biologicheskikh zhidkostei organizma na antimikrobnuiu aktivnost' modifitsirovannogo étoniem shovnogo materiala.

Ethonium in solution and on the surface of surgical threads displays different antistaphylococcal activity in the presence of biological fluids: under the influence of bile, it decreases essentially, blood serum--decreases to a less degree, urine doesn't change it. A conclusion is made that for optimal use of the ethonium and surgical threads modified with ethonium it is necessary to take into account the location of a pathological focus.

[Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic preparations of microflora isolated in chronic posttraumatic osteomyelitis]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k khimioterapevticheskim preparatam mikroflory, vydeliaemoi u bol'nykh khronicheskim posttavmaticheskim osteomielitom.

Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis was mainly caused (59.3 per cent) by various gramnegative bacteria. Staphylococcus, Proteus and P. aeruginosa was most frequent. Bacteria were most frequently isolated from associations of 2-5 species and not from monocultures. However, when the patient microflora was studied in dynamics, the whole associations could not be detected in every of the cases. Sensitivity of the causative agents to 23 antibacterial drugs was tested and it was found that the majority of the organisms were sensitive to gentamicin, rifampicin, biseptol, hydroxyquinolines (5-NOK, enteroseptol), furazolidon (except P. aeruginosa). P. aeruginosa was in addition sensitive to polymyxin. Proteus and other enterobacteria were sensitive to nevigramon, staphylococci and other grampositive bacteria were sensitive to oxacillin, lincomycin, novobiocin and fusidin.

[Development of drug resistance and the cross resistance in Shigella to certain chemotherapeutic preparations in vitro]. / Razvitie lekarstvennoi ustoichivosti i perekrestnaia ustoichivost' u shigell k nekotorym khimioterapevticheskim preparatam in vitro

A total of 700 Shigella cultures isolated in different regions of the Ukraine in 1974 and occasionally in 1971-1973 were studied. No cultures resistant to furazolidone or enteroseptol were found. Under the experimental conditions resistance to nitrofuran and especially oxycholine preparations in Shigella developed slowly when the cultures were passaged in broths with increasing concentrations of the drugs. Cross resistance in Shigella was observed with respect to (a) various nitrofuran preparations, less pronounced with respect to furacryline and (b) enteroseptol and 5-NOK. No cross resistance was noted between the above groups of the chemotherapeutics and levomycetin and tetracycline. 5-NOK inhibited the resistance development to streptomycin, while enteroseptol inhibited the development of resistance to furazolidone in Shigella. The studies showed that in the near future there will be observed no mass development of resistance to furazolidone and enteroseptol in Shigella.