Antioxidant therapy impresses in oxidative stress-induced kidney cells.

INTRODUCTION:   Renal cell cancer (RCC) is not a single entity, but consists of different types of tumors derived from various parts of the nephron (epithelium or renal tubules). It is known that cancer initiation and progression is related to the balance between oxidants and antioxidants directly. Interestingly, advanced stages of cancer such as metastasis, angiogenesis are associated with cell oxidative capacity. Familiar antioxidative substances such as carotenes and vitamin C inhibit oxidation of other molecules during carcinogenesis. They can define the distinction between cancer and normal cells, destroying cancer cells while stabilizing healthy cells. METHODS:   apoptotic activities of kidney cells were measured with caspase Elisa kits. DNA laddering test was used to show DNA damage in H2O2 condition. RESULTS:   For tumor mechanism, they act as pro-oxidants, producing hydrogen peroxide that attacks the cancer, whereas, in normal conditions they act as protective antioxidants. CONCLUSIONS:   The unlike reaction of specific antioxidants should be known at different cell stages. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidative roles of alpha lipoic acid on kidney cancers during oxidative stress induction (Tab. 1, Fig. 7, Ref. 27).

The H- and T-reflex response parameters of long- and short-distance athletes.

It is well known that the training level of a muscle belongs to the parameters that affect the H-reflex response amplitude. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training type on H- and T-reflex response parameters. For this purpose, 20 long-distance athletes (group I, test group), 18 short-distance athletes (group II, test group) and 20 non-trained subjects (group III, control group) were involved in this study in which the H- and T-reflex amplitude and latency values were measured. The H-reflex amplitude and latency values found in groups I, II and III were 3.64 +/- 0.28 mV and 26.88 +/- 1.45 ms, 3.17 +/- 0.26 mV and 26.19 +/- 1.89 ms, and 6.07 +/- 0.34 mV and 26.77 +/- 1.32 ms, respectively. The T-reflex amplitude and latency values of the groups I, II and III were 3.30 +/- 0.18 mV and 32.01 +/- 1.02 ms, 3.11 +/- 0.20 mV and 31.47 +/- 1.16 ms, 4.24 +/- 0.21 mV and 31.47 +/- 1.16 ms, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to latencies of H- and T-reflexes (p>0.05). In both test groups, the amplitudes of the H-reflex and T-reflex were significantly smaller than the control group (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that training of muscles affect the H- and T-reflex response parameters.