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1.
Salud Colect ; 14(3): 607-622, 2018 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30517566

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes two of the most important studies on nutrition that have been carried out in Ecuador in the last fifty years. The objective is to justify the need for an alimentary epidemiology capable of looking at the entire process of social reproduction and the food system as well as the expressions of each in different ways of life, overcoming a purely individual and biologistic perspective. The article proposes that eating be studied as a total social fact within the school of thought of critical epidemiology, recognizing the existence of three different levels of reality - the general, particular and singular - as well as the existence of a margin of relative autonomy of subjects in the process of determination of food consumption and nutritional status.


Este artículo analiza dos de los más importantes estudios que sobre nutrición se han realizado en Ecuador en los últimos cincuenta años. Su objetivo es fundamentar la necesidad de una epidemiología de la alimentación que sea capaz de mirar el conjunto del proceso de reproducción social y el sistema alimentario y también sus expresiones en los distintos modos de vida, superando una mirada puramente individual y biologicista. Propone estudiar la alimentación como un hecho social total desde la corriente de la epidemiología crítica, reconociendo por esta razón la existencia de tres niveles de la realidad -el general, el particular, y el singular- así como también la existencia de un margen de autonomía relativa de los distintos sujetos en el proceso de determinación del consumo alimentario y el estado nutricional.


Subject(s)
Eating , Epidemiology , Food , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Ecuador/epidemiology , Humans , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/prevention & control , Nutrition Assessment
2.
Salud colect ; 14(3): 607-622, jul.-sep. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979092

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza dos de los más importantes estudios que sobre nutrición se han realizado en Ecuador en los últimos cincuenta años. Su objetivo es fundamentar la necesidad de una epidemiología de la alimentación que sea capaz de mirar el conjunto del proceso de reproducción social y el sistema alimentario y también sus expresiones en los distintos modos de vida, superando una mirada puramente individual y biologicista. Propone estudiar la alimentación como un hecho social total desde la corriente de la epidemiología crítica, reconociendo por esta razón la existencia de tres niveles de la realidad -el general, el particular, y el singular- así como también la existencia de un margen de autonomía relativa de los distintos sujetos en el proceso de determinación del consumo alimentario y el estado nutricional.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes two of the most important studies on nutrition that have been carried out in Ecuador in the last fifty years. The objective is to justify the need for an alimentary epidemiology capable of looking at the entire process of social reproduction and the food system as well as the expressions of each in different ways of life, overcoming a purely individual and biologistic perspective. The article proposes that eating be studied as a total social fact within the school of thought of critical epidemiology, recognizing the existence of three different levels of reality - the general, particular and singular - as well as the existence of a margin of relative autonomy of subjects in the process of determination of food consumption and nutritional status.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nutritional Status , Epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Eating , Food , Nutrition Assessment , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/prevention & control , Ecuador/epidemiology
3.
Lancet ; 372(9655): 2047-85, 2008 Dec 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19097280

ABSTRACT

60 years ago, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights laid the foundations for the right to the highest attainable standard of health. This right is central to the creation of equitable health systems. We identify some of the right-to health features of health systems, such as a comprehensive national health plan, and propose 72 indicators that reflect some of these features. We collect globally processed data on these indicators for 194 countries and national data for Ecuador, Mozambique, Peru, Romania, and Sweden. Globally processed data were not available for 18 indicators for any country, suggesting that organisations that obtain such data give insufficient attention to the right-to-health features of health systems. Where they are available, the indicators show where health systems need to be improved to better realise the right to health. We provide recommendations for governments, international bodies, civil-society organisations, and other institutions and suggest that these indicators and data, although not perfect, provide a basis for the monitoring of health systems and the progressive realisation of the right to health. Right-to-health features are not just good management, justice, or humanitarianism, they are obligations under human-rights law.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/standards , Developing Countries , Health Services Accessibility , Human Rights , National Health Programs/standards , Rural Health Services/statistics & numerical data , United Nations/standards , Data Collection/methods , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Global Health , Humans , National Health Programs/organization & administration , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data
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