Adsorption of Azobenzene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomesh Supported by Rh(111).

Adsorption properties of azobenzene, the prototypical molecular switch, were investigated on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer ("nanomesh") prepared on Rh(111). The h-BN layer was produced by decomposing borazine (B3N3H6) at 1000-1050 K. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) studies revealed that azobenzene molecules adsorbed on the "wire" and "pore" regions desorb at slightly different temperatures. Angle-resolved high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) measurements demonstrated that the first molecular layer is characterized predominantly by an adsorption geometry with the molecular plane parallel to the surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) indicated a clear preference for adsorption in the pores, manifesting a templating effect, but in some cases one-dimensional molecular stripes also form, implying attractive molecule-molecule interaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided further details regarding the adsorption energetics and bonding and confirmed the experimental findings that the molecules adsorb with the phenyl rings parallel to the surface, preferentially in the pores, and indicated also the presence of an attractive molecule-molecule interaction.

Rats alternate on a dry-land but not swimming-pool (Morris task) place task: implications for spatial processing.

Groups of rats were rewarded with food for traveling from a start point to 2 different locations while their alternations in choice between those locations on 2 daily trials were recorded. In one experimental condition, the rats swam and received food once they climbed upon a platform that was hidden just below the surface of the water at the food location. In the other condition, the rats walked to reach the food. It was found that the rats did not alternate their choices between target locations when swimming but that they did alternate target choices when walking. Even experience in alternating when walking did not produce reliable alternation when swimming. It is proposed that rats treat escape (swimming) and search (walking) tasks in different ways, and this difference is discussed with respect to the possibility that different central processes may be used in the task solutions.

The developmental onset of a rudimentary form of play fighting in C57 mice.

Play fighting in its most elaborate form involves nonagonistic wrestling between pairmates, where one partner grabs, holds, bites, or otherwise contacts the other. Such play occurs in the absence of the functional consequences associated with serious fighting (e.g., resource acquisition or protection). Typically, the biting, nosing, or grooming contact during play fighting is directed at specific body targets. House mice have been classified as a species that lacks such play, even though play fighting is present in closely related species such as the rat. In this study, six litters of C57 mice were observed daily from the week before weaning until the week after weaning (15-30 days postnatally). Thirty-min videotaped records were collected daily for each litter. Consistent with other studies, over 85% of all play involved locomotor play, and most of the social play involved noncontact locomotion (86%). However, a rudimentary pattern of the "attack and defense" typical of play fighting was found to occur, albeit at a low frequency (2% of all play). Most playful attacks involved snout contact with the partner's rump, but evidence is provided that suggests that this rump contact may be transitory, with the nape area being the primary target for play. Most of the playful attacks elicited playful defense (97%), which in all cases involved the defender evading such contact by leaping or running away, or by dodging laterally away from the attacker. Therefore, there appears to be directed playful attacks in this species, with defense limited to evasion. Defensive tactics leading to wrestling were never observed. That is, play fighting in mice involves only a small subset of what other species, such as rats, exhibit. Nonetheless, the basic components of attack and defense are present in mice.

[The role of thoracic radiography in the intensive care unit of a department of internal medicine]. / Helyszíni mellkasfelvételek alkalmazása belgyógyászati intenzív osztályon.

Authors review the main principles of chest X-ray examination methodology and analyse their one-year material. During this time 225 chest X-ray films were taken by means of a mobile X-ray unit. The majority of patients were treated for cardiac disorders (e.g. AMI). Authors analyse the distribution of patients according to their illnesses, the correlation between the clinical and the radiological diagnoses and the quality of the X-ray films. Authors emphasize the importance of the correct collaboration between the staff of the intensive care unit and the radiological department.

[Experience with routine use of combined inhalation-perfusion lung scintigraphy. The most reliable diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]. / A kombinált inhalációs és perfúziós tüdöszcintigráfia rutinszerü alkalmazásával szerzett tapasztalataink. A tüdöembólia megbízhatóbb diagnosztikája.

The authors performed combined inhalation/perfusion scintigraphy in 217 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Before the conventional perfusion study they also visualized the distribution of ventilation with a Venticis-II inhalator equipment. Regarding pulmonary embolism 10 (5%), 96 (44%), 39 (18%) investigations were "very low", "low", and "high probability", respectively. The inhalation study was successful in 93 percent of patients. These results were necessary in 141 patients. However, it was uncertain in 26% of cases (57 patients) concerning the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. As the inhalation scintigraphy was applied without preselection, this study was unnecessary in 30%. On the other hand, if the combined studies had been performed only in the cases of previously proved segmental perfusion defects, the number of perfusion scintigraphies would have increased by 65%. The authors recommend the routine use of the inhalation lung scintigraphy.

The vasodilator action of angiography with Urografin 60% on the basal vessels of the brain of the baboon.

Angiography under experimental conditions shows that Urografin has a vasodilator action of the order of 8% upon the basal cerebral arteries of the baboon. This action is not seen within the first 4 sec of the angiogram and the dilator effect of a single injection has passed off completely 15 min later. Three successive injections within 7 min show little evidence of cumulative vasodilatation. The vasodilator action of three successive angiograms has disappeared 22 to 29 min later. Because of wide variations in the degree of vasodilatation shown by individual baboons it may be necessary to use each baboon as its own control in subsequent work.