ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of study targeted to establishment of characteristics of relationship between staff psychological climate and value orientations of health care personnel. The thesis that personnel value orientations are an important factor of development of benevolent psychological climate in medical institution staff is theoretically substantiated and empirically confirmed. The theoretical analysis developed content of staff psychological climate notion and established determinants of psychological climate. To confirm hypothesis the empirical study was organized at the basis of the Astrakhan Federal Center of cardio-vascular surgery. The most important ultimate values are health, happy family life, interesting work, love, financially secured life. The most important instrumental values are accuracy, civility, honesty, responsibility, carefulness. The correlation analysis permitted to derive that development of staff psychological climate in medical institution mainly depends on ultimate values than on instrumental ones. The cultivation of such values as responsibility, cognition, productive life, interesting work, happiness of other people inputs into development of benevolent staff psychological climate.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Organizational Culture , Social Values , Health Personnel , HumansABSTRACT
AIM/HYPOTHESIS: Postpandrial hyperglycaemia is a significant risk factor for the development of macrovascular diseases. There is no clear agreement in the field whether these alterations result from hyperglycaemic episodes or from exaggerated alterations ('glycaemic swings') in blood glucose. We compared the effect of stable high glucose with a model of poorly maintained insulin-controlled diabetes (on average lower glucose, but with large glycaemic swings) on the development of endothelial dysfunction in rats. METHODS: Intermediate- or long-acting insulin was used to reduce mean blood glucose levels. One group of animals had stable low glucose levels, while animals in the other group exhibited rapid changes ('swings') in their blood glucose concentration. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of the thoracic aorta was measured. Immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to determine nitrotyrosine formation and poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation in the aorta, in circulating leucocytes and in bone marrow cells. RESULTS: Steady normalisation of blood glucose levels (a model of well-controlled diabetes) protected against the development of endothelial dysfunction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and nitrotyrosine production. However, impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation was found in the animals undergoing glycaemic swings, even though the fructosamine levels in these animals were lower than in the untreated diabetic rats. This was associated with elevated PARP activation in the aorta and in bone marrow cells that was similar to or even more pronounced than that seen in the untreated diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Large glycaemic swings exert deleterious cardiovascular effects in diabetes mellitus, in part via enhanced activation of the PARP pathway.
