Effect of Brown Seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) Addition on Nutritional and Quality Characteristics of Yellow, Blue, and Red Maize Tortillas.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of incorporating Macrocystis pyrifera into yellow, blue, and red maize masa and tortillas. The nutritional composition and mineral content of tortillas was determined, and the color, texture, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of masas and tortillas were measured. The addition of seaweed led to a significant decrease in moisture and a significant increase in ash, protein, and fiber, while no differences were observed in the lipid and carbohydrate content. There was a significant increase in all analyzed minerals (Na, Ca, P, K, and Mg). Tortillas weighed 24.54 ± 1.02 g, had a diameter of 11.00 ± 0.79 cm, and a thickness of 0.32 ± 0.09 cm. All color parameters were significantly affected by seaweed concentration. The hardness of the masas was 2.18-22.32 N, and the values of the perforation test of the tortillas were 1.40-4.55 N. The TPC of the masas and tortillas was measured in water and methanol:water extracts. Results were higher in the water extracts (1141.59-23,323.48 mg GAE/100 g masa and 838.06-2142.34 mg GAE/100 g tortilla). Antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was higher for methanol:water extracts (14,051.96-44,928.75 µmol TE/100 g masa and 14,631.47-47,327.69 µmol TE/100 g tortilla).

Comprehension and recall of information about factors associated with peri-implantitis: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of different communication strategies on comprehension and recall of information about factors associated to peri-implantitis. METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in consecutive patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis. The sample was divided into three groups according to the communication strategy used: Test group 1-Written communication via leaflet with visual aids (L-VA); Test group 2-Written communication via leaflet with no visual aids (L-NVA); and control group-only verbal communication with no leaflet (NL). A questionnaire assessing comprehension at baseline (T0) and recall at 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) was administered following the fuzzy trace theory with a combination of 11 "gist" and seven "verbatim" items. The "health belief model" dimensions were further examined to test the influence of the communication strategy upon perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included. Gist and verbatim comprehension of the control, risk factors, and preventive measures for peri-implantitis overall was significantly greater in the test groups, in particular in L-VA at T0 (n = 99). Nevertheless, recall was not influenced by the communication strategy at T1 (n = 85) or T2 (n = 78). No significant differences were noted between groups or as a function of time for any of the "health belief model" constructs with the sole exception of perceived barriers (P = 0.045), which proved lower in the test groups. CONCLUSION: The comprehension of information about factors associated to peri-implantitis can be efficiently improved by using written communicative strategies, in particular when supplemented with visual aids. Nevertheless, this approach failed to show effectiveness in modulating recall or in changing behavioral intentions over follow-up (NCT04543604).

Hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio não previne a nefropatia de contraste: ensaio clínico multicêntrico / Hydration with sodium bicarbonate does not prevent contrast nephropathy: a multicenter clinical trial

FUNDAMENTO: A exposição ao meio de contraste radiográfico pode causar comprometimento agudo da função renal. Há evidências limitadas e conflitantes de que a hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio previne a Nefropatia Induzida por Contraste (NIC) em pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar se o bicarbonato de sódio é superior à hidratação com soro fisiológico para evitar a nefropatia em pacientes de risco submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Trezentos e um pacientes submetidos a intervenção coronariana percutânea ou angiografia coronariana com creatinina sérica > 1,2 mg/dL ou Taxa de Filtração Glomerular (TFG) < 50 mL/min, foram randomizados para receber hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio a partir de 1 hora antes do procedimento, e 6 horas após o procedimento, ou hidratação com solução salina a 0,9%. A NIC foi definida como um aumento de 0,5 mg/dL na creatinina em 48h. RESULTADOS: Dezoito pacientes (5,9%) desenvolveram nefropatia induzida por contraste: 9 pacientes no grupo do bicarbonato (6,1%) e 9 pacientes no grupo da solução salina (6,0%), p = 0,97. A variação na creatinina sérica foi semelhante em ambos os grupos, 0,01 ± 0,26 mg/dL no grupo do bicarbonato, e 0,01 ± 0,35 mg/dL no grupo da solução salina, p = 0,9. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre a alteração na taxa de filtração glomerular (0,89 ± 9 mL/ min vs. 2,29 ± 10 mL/min, p = 0,2, grupo do bicarbonato e grupo da solução salina, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio não foi superior ao soro fisiológico na prevenção a nefropatia induzida pelo contraste, em pacientes de risco submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco.

BACKGROUND: Radiographic contrast media exposition can cause acute renal function impairment. There is limited and conflicting evidence that hydration with sodium bicarbonate prevents contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at determining whether sodium bicarbonate is superior to hydration with saline to prevent nephropathy in patients at risk undergoing cardiac catheterization. METHODS: Three hundred and one patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention with serum creatinine > 1.2mg/dL or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 50ml/min were randomized to receive hydration with sodium bicarbonate starting 1 hour before the procedure and 6 hours after the procedure, or hydration with 0.9% saline. CIN was defined as an increase of 0.5mg/dL in creatinine in 48h RESULTS: Eighteen patients (5.9%) developed contrast induced nephropathy: 9 patients in the bicarbonate group (6.1%) and 9 patients in the saline group (6.0%), p = 0.97. The change in serum creatinine was similar in both groups, 0.01 ± 0.26 mg/dL in the bicarbonate group and 0.01 ± 0.35 mg/dL in the saline group, p = 0.9. No statistical difference was observed between the change in glomerular filtration rate (0.89 ± 9 ml/min vs. 2.29 ± 10 ml/min, p = 0.2 bicarbonate group and saline group, respectively). CONCLUSION: Hydration with sodium bicarbonate was not superior to saline to prevent contrast media induced nephropathy in patients at risk undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Hydration with sodium bicarbonate does not prevent contrast nephropathy: a multicenter clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Radiographic contrast media exposition can cause acute renal function impairment. There is limited and conflicting evidence that hydration with sodium bicarbonate prevents contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at determining whether sodium bicarbonate is superior to hydration with saline to prevent nephropathy in patients at risk undergoing cardiac catheterization. METHODS: Three hundred and one patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention with serum creatinine > 1.2mg/dL or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 50 ml/min were randomized to receive hydration with sodium bicarbonate starting 1 hour before the procedure and 6 hours after the procedure, or hydration with 0.9% saline. CIN was defined as an increase of 0.5mg/dL in creatinine in 48 h RESULTS: Eighteen patients (5.9%) developed contrast induced nephropathy: 9 patients in the bicarbonate group (6.1%) and 9 patients in the saline group (6.0%), p = 0.97. The change in serum creatinine was similar in both groups, 0.01 ± 0.26 mg/dL in the bicarbonate group and 0.01 ± 0.35 mg/dL in the saline group, p = 0.9. No statistical difference was observed between the change in glomerular filtration rate (0.89 ± 9 ml/min vs. 2.29 ± 10 ml/min, p = 0.2 bicarbonate group and saline group, respectively). CONCLUSION: Hydration with sodium bicarbonate was not superior to saline to prevent contrast media induced nephropathy in patients at risk undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Transradial percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site cardiac surgery for stable coronary disease and myocardial infarction: preliminary report and initial experience in 174 patients.

BACKGROUND: On-site cardiac surgery is not widely available in developing countries despite a high prevalence of coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the safety, feasibility and cost-effectiveness of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site cardiac surgery in a community hospital in a developing country. METHODS: Of the 174 patients who underwent PCI for the first time in our center, we analyzed two groups: stable coronary disease and acute myocardial infarction. The primary endpoint was the rate of complications during the first 24 hours after PCI. We also analyzed the length of hospital stay and the rate of hospital readmission in the first week after PCI, and compared costs between the radial and femoral approaches. RESULTS: The study group comprised 131 patients with stable coronary disease and 43 with acute MI. Among the patients with stable coronary disease 8 (6.1%) had pulse loss, 12 (9.16%) had on-site hematoma, and 3 (2.29%) had bleeding at the site of the puncture. Among the patients with acute MI, 3 (6.98) had pulse loss and 5 (11.63%) had bleeding at the site of the puncture. There were no cases of atriovenous fistula or nerve damage. In the stable coronary disease group, 130 patients (99%) were discharged on the same day (2.4 +/- 2 hours). In the acute MI group, the length of stay was 6.6 +/- 2.5 days with at least 24 hours in the intensive care unit. There were no hospital readmissions in the first week after the procedure. The total cost, which includes equipment related to the specific approach and recovery room stay, was significantly lower with the radial approach compared to the femoral approach (US$ 500 saving per intervention). CONCLUSIONS: The transradial approach was safe and feasible in a community hospital in a developing country without on-site cardiac surgery backup. The radial artery approach is clearly more cost-effective than the femoral approach.

Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and Brugada syndrome: a case of Atrial Fibrillation and Brugada syndrome in a young patient without structural heart disease / Taquiarritmia supraventricular y síndrome de Brugada: un caso de fibrilación atrial y síndrome de Brugada en un paciente joven sin cardiopatía estructural

We report a case of a 29-year old man who initially presented with a single episode of syncope. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed atrial fibrillation and an ST segment elevation on lead V1. A flecainide test unmasked the Brugada syndrome. The pathophysiology of Brugada syndrome and atrial fibrillation in this patient could be connected by sodium channel dysfunction throughout the heart. In addition, we reviewed the possible connection between Brugada syndrome and atrial fibrillation.

Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 29 años de edad que se presentó inicialmente con un solo episodio de síncope. El electrocardiograma inicial (ECG) mostró fibrilación atrial y una elevación del segmento ST en la derivación V1. Una prueba de flecainida reveló la presencia del síndrome de Brugada. La patofisiología del síndrome de Brugada y la fibrilación atrial en este paciente podrían estar conectados por una disfunción del canal de sodio a través del corazón. Además, examinamos la posible conexión entre el síndrome de Brugada y la fibrilación atrial.

Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and Brugada syndrome: a case of atrial fibrillation and Brugada syndrome in a young patient without structural heart disease.

We report a case of a 29-year old man who initially presented with a single episode of syncope. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed atrial fibrillation and an ST segment elevation on lead V1. A flecainide test unmasked the Brugada syndrome. The pathophysiology of Brugada syndrome and atrial fibrillation in this patient could be connected by sodium channel dysfunction throughout the heart. In addition, we reviewed the possible connection between Brugada syndrome and atrial fibrillation.

The Brugada syndrome.

The Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac disorder initially described in 1992 by Pedro and Josep Brugada, with variable electrocardiographic features characteristic of right bundle-branch block, persistent ST-segment elevation in the precordial leads (VI-V3) at rest and sudden cardiac death. The genetic abnormalities that cause Brugada syndrome have been linked to mutations in the ion channel gene SCN5A which encodes for the alpha-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel. A consensus conference report published in 2002 described the diagnostic criteria for the Brugada syndrome and described the three distinct types of Brugada syndrome. In 2005, a second consensus report was published which described the risk stratification and approaches to therapy. Two specific types of ST-segment elevation, coved and saddleback, are observed in the Brugada syndrome, the former of which is reported to relate to a higher incidence of ventricular tachycardial ventricular fibrillation (VTNF) and sudden cardiac death.The objective of this paper is to review the genetics and the molecular biology behind the Brugada syndrome, the diagnostic criteria, including clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics, and current management.

Hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio na prevenção de nefropatia induzida por contraste em pacientes diabéticos: subanálise de ensaio clínico multicêntrico / Sodium-bicarbonate to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in diabetic patients: a sub-analysis of a multicenter clinical trial

Introdução: Nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) está associada a piores desfechos intra-hospitalar e a longo prazo. Estudos recentes sugerem que hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio possa ser útil na sua prevenção; no entanto, essa medida de prevenção de NIC não foi, ainda, avaliada em pacientes diabéticos. Método: Subanálise de um estudo multicêntrico envolvendo 301 pacientes com creatinina sérica ≥ 1,2 mg/dl ou depuração de creatinina endógena (DCE) < 50 ml/min submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia ou angioplastia coronária, randomizados para receber hidratação com bicarbonato de sódio ou solução salina (soro fisiológico ­ SF) a 0,9%. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados com contraste iônico de baixa osmolaridade. Os desfechos avaliados foram incidência de NIC (definida como aumento de 0,5 mg/dl) e variação da creatinina e da DCE em 48 horas após o procedimento. Da totalidade de pacientes, 87 tinham diabetes melito e foram incluídos nesse subestudo. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação a características demográficas, volume de contraste e níveis basais de creatinina e DCE. Entre os pacientes avaliados, 8 desenvolveram NIC: 4 (9,8%) pacientes no grupo bicarbonato e 4 (8,9%) no grupo SF 0,9% (p = 0,9). A variação da creatinina sérica e da DCE foi similar entre os grupos...

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with worse clinical outcomes both at short and long-term follow-up. Recent evidence indicates that intravenous hydration with sodium-bicarbonate may reduce the incidence of CIN. However, this strategy has not been reported in diabetic patients. Methods: Sub-analysis of a multicenter study involving 301 patients with serum creatinine ≥ 1,2 mg/dL or creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min submitted to coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention and randomized to intravenous hydration with sodium-bicarbonate or normal saline. All patients received low-osmolar contrast media. We assessed the incidence of CIN (defined as creatinine increase ≥ 0,5 mg/dL), and the average change in creatinine and creatinine clearance 48 hours after the procedure. A total of 87 diabetic patients were analyzed. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding baseline characteristics, contrast volume used, baseline creatinine levels and creatinine clearance. Eight patients presented CIN: 4 (9.8%) in the bicarbonate group and 4 (8.9%) in the saline group (p = 0.9). The...

Autoinmunidad y geriatría

El sistema inmune sufre continuos cambios morfológicos y funcionales con el transcurrir de los años y se acepta que la respuesta inmune es máxima en la pubertad y que después desciende progresivamente con la edad (inmunosenescencia). Recientes estudios en octogenarios sanos sugierenque el sistema inmune, más que un deterioro generalizado, sufre un remodelado/reajuste de sus principales funciones. En la inmunosenescencia coexisten dos fenómenos opuestos: la disminución en la capacidad de la respuesta inmune y el aumento de producción de anticuerpos. Las posibles consecuencias de la 'senilidad' progresiva del sistema inmune es el aumento de fenómenos inmunes, así como la incidencia de neoplasias y la predisposición a infecciones. El estudio de los fenómenos autoinmunes en el ámbito geriátrico debe ser prioritario en las futuras investigaciones médicas, dado el aumento del promedio de vida en todo el mundo, sobre todo en los países industrializados (AU)

Filosofía y realidad de los avances sobre tópicos selectos en Biotecnología / Philosophy and reality of the advances on select subjects in Biotechnology

Contiene: 1. Tratamiento moderno del cáncer; 2. Reflexiones sobre el posible origen del cáncer; 3. Ratones que producen inmunidad empleados en control biológico; 4. Proteasas en el tratamiento del SIDA; 5. Acido clavulanico y su obtención por fermetación y síntesis química; 6. Los oncogenes de origen humano y animal por los caminos del cáncer; 7. Proteínas supresoras de tumores cancerosos; 8. Estructuras, funciones y dominios de la P53 supresora del cáncer; 9. Biosíntesis de nuevas drogas bloqueadoras de enzimas causantes del shock séptico, de angustia respiratoria en adultos, pancreatitis, trauma, asma bronquial, rinitis alérgica, artritis reumatoide; 10. El problema del SIDA ene l mundo, América y el Perú; 11. Mecanismos de reparación del ADN por división y su relación con el cáncer; 12. Uña de gato; 13. Antibiótico Rifampicina y su semisíntesis química; 14. Estudio de la tuberculosis; 15. Alimentación y cáncer