Peptide Amphiphile Nanostructures for Targeting of Atherosclerotic Plaque and Drug Delivery.

Co-assembled peptide amphiphile nanofibers designed to target atherosclerotic plaque and enhance cholesterol efflux are shown to encapsulate and deliver a liver X receptor agonist to increase efflux from murine macrophages in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the nanofibers, which display an apolipoprotein-mimetic peptide, localize at plaque sites in LDL receptor knockout mice with or without the encapsulated molecule, while nanofibers displaying a scrambled, non-targeting peptide sequence do not demonstrate comparable binding. These results show that nanofibers functionalized with apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides may be effective vehicles for intravascular targeted drug delivery to treat atherosclerosis.

Injectable biomimetic liquid crystalline scaffolds enhance muscle stem cell transplantation.

Muscle stem cells are a potent cell population dedicated to efficacious skeletal muscle regeneration, but their therapeutic utility is currently limited by mode of delivery. We developed a cell delivery strategy based on a supramolecular liquid crystal formed by peptide amphiphiles (PAs) that encapsulates cells and growth factors within a muscle-like unidirectionally ordered environment of nanofibers. The stiffness of the PA scaffolds, dependent on amino acid sequence, was found to determine the macroscopic degree of cell alignment templated by the nanofibers in vitro. Furthermore, these PA scaffolds support myogenic progenitor cell survival and proliferation and they can be optimized to induce cell differentiation and maturation. We engineered an in vivo delivery system to assemble scaffolds by injection of a PA solution that enabled coalignment of scaffold nanofibers with endogenous myofibers. These scaffolds locally retained growth factors, displayed degradation rates matching the time course of muscle tissue regeneration, and markedly enhanced the engraftment of muscle stem cells in injured and noninjured muscles in mice.

A collagen peptide-based physical hydrogel for cell encapsulation.

Collagen peptide-based hydrogels are prepared and characterized for application in 3D cell growth. Physical hydrogels are formed by covalently linking a collagen-based peptide to an 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) star polymer. The resulting viscoelastic hydrogels have the ability to melt into a liquid-like state near the melting temperature of the collagen triple helix and reform back into an elastic-state at room temperature, adding a thermoresponsive feature to the material. In addition, the hydrogels possess desirable stiffness, as well as a highly cross-linked network of pores where cells are found to reside, making the hydrogels promising scaffolds for the culture of hMSCs.