Situación de la salud infantil y el desarrollo infantil temprano en la región andina / Situation of child health and early childhood development in the Andean region

En la primera parte del presente documento se expone la situación de salud y del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano (DIT) de los niños y niñas en sus primeros 5 años de vida, la situación de salud de las madres y las principales barreras para el ejercicio de los derechos de unos y otras, en el marco de la agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Para la primera parte se privilegió la información obtenida de fuentes secundarias, de instituciones como el Organismo Andino de Salud Convenio Hipólito Unanue (ORAS-CONHU), la OPS/OMS, UNICEF, UNESCO), el Banco Mundial y otras. Con el fin de contar con una referencia más allá de los seis países miembros del ORAS-CONHU, en varios casos se incorporó información del conjunto de países de ALC (Anexo 1). La segunda parte del documento presenta las políticas, programas, planes u otras intervenciones que se vienen implementando o aplicando en los países andinos, que contribuyan a la salud materna e infantil y que se constituyen en avances y acciones hacia el alcance del óptimo DIT

A Review and Analysis of the National Dog Population Management Program in Chile.

Free-roaming dogs are a worldwide problem, with Chile having some of the highest human-to-dog ratios in the world. In 2017, Law 21.020 was promulgated and the federal government developed a national responsible pet ownership program. The objectives of this article are to describe and discuss the dog-related components of the program, to design a tool for determining human-to-dog ratios in Chile, and to make recommendations to managers to improve the program outcomes. The overarching goal of the program was to mitigate the conflict between humans and dogs, but many of the interventions were animal-focused and the indicators did not consider the perception of the Chilean public. Using human density data and known dog populations, we found that as the human density increased, there were fewer dogs per person. Veterinary services and sterilizations were the mainstay of the program and were offered for free to citizens. Education was offered to all ages through public events, as well as municipality and organization activities. The identification of dogs was obligatory for dog owners. Enforcement was not included in the program. The recommendations are to conduct preintervention baseline data collections and to tailor interventions and indicators appropriately; to use dog population size estimates determined at the local level rather than a country-wide estimate; to replace free veterinary services with low-cost sterilization campaigns; to create sustainable plans for education; and to create enforcement teams in communities.