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Background: Recent advancements reveal saliva as a crucial source of diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases, notably gastric cancer. This systematic review evaluates these biomarkers, emphasizing their clinical applicability and potential in early detection. Methods: An extensive electronic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. Salivary biomarkers were analyzed as independent variables, with gastric cancer as the dependent variable. The study adhered to a protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021259519). Results: Our analysis identified a range of biomarkers, highlighting three proteins - cystatin-B (CSTB), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), and deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein (DMBT1) - as particularly accurate for gastric cancer diagnosis. Conclusions: Salivary biomarkers hold substantial promise for the early detection of gastric cancer. Future research should aim to refine study design and validation for enhancing the quality and applicability of these biomarkers.
Introducción: Avances recientes revelan la saliva como una fuente crucial de biomarcadores diagnósticos para diversas enfermedades, especialmente el cáncer gástrico. Esta revisión sistemática evalúa estos biomarcadores, con énfasis en su aplicabilidad clínica y potencial para la detección temprana. Métodos: Se realizó una extensa búsqueda electrónica en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science para identificar estudios relevantes. Los biomarcadores salivales fueron analizados como variables independientes, con el cáncer gástrico como variable dependiente. El estudio siguió un protocolo registrado en PROSPERO (CRD42021259519). Resultados: Nuestro análisis identificó una gama de biomarcadores entre los que destacan tres proteínas: cistatina-B (CSTB), triosa fosfato isomerasa (TPI1) y proteína 1 eliminada en tumores cerebrales malignos (DMBT1), como particularmente precisas para el diagnóstico del cáncer gástrico. Conclusiones: : Los biomarcadores salivales tienen un gran potencial para la detección temprana del cáncer gástrico. La investigación futura debería apuntar a refinar el diseño del estudio y la validación para mejorar la calidad y aplicabilidad de estos biomarcadores.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Durante el proceso de envejecimiento aparece el dolor como uno de los síntomas más comunes y al que menos se le presta atención, este puede generar un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. También, la fatiga se manifiesta frecuentemente, pero no se suele evaluar o exteriorizar en consulta. Por esto, la presente investigación tuvo como propósito estudiar la validez y fiabilidad de las escalas Siluetas de Fatiga, Caras de Dolor Revisada y Catastrofización del Dolor en una muestra de adultos mayores del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. La muestra estuvo conformada por 131 adultos mayores tanto institucionalizados como no institucionalizados. Los resultados evidenciaron altos valores de fiabilidad en las tres escalas y se revisan las evidencias de validez con el análisis factorial exploratorio. En conclusión, las escalas contribuyen a la medición del dolor en adultos mayores colombianos, brindando a los profesionales de la salud instrumentos confiables. Se sugiere ampliar la muestra con estudios en otras regiones del país.
Abstract Throughout the ageing process, pain arises as one of the most prevalent symptoms which regularly receives the least attention. As a result, pain can negatively impact the quality of life of older people. Fatigue is often present in older adults, yet it is frequently overlooked during consultations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Fatigue Silhouettes, Pain Faces Revised, and Pain Catastrophizing scales in a sample of older adults from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. The study included 131 older adults, both institutionalized and non-institutionalized. The results yielded high levels of reliability across all three scales. Moreover, the evidence of validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis. Overall, these measuring scales provide reliable instruments to healthcare professionals evaluating pain in older adults in Colombia. Future research should expand the sample to other regions of the country.
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BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that eccentric strength training (ECC) improves muscle strength and postural control in individuals with stroke; however, the evidence about the effects of ECC in people living with stroke has not been systematically analyzed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of ECC, compared to other exercise modalities (i.e., concentric training), on motor function in individuals with stroke. METHODS: This scoping review was performed according to PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Until March 2023, a comprehensive search of studies using ECC intervention to improve motor functions in individuals with stroke was performed. Study designs included were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine, PEDro, and OTSeeker databases. Two independent reviewers selected articles based on title and abstract and extracted relevant information from the eligible studies. The results were qualitatively synthesized, and the critical appraisal was performed using the Rob 2.0 and Robins-I tools. RESULTS: Ten studies, with 257 individuals, were analyzed. ECC revealed positive effects on muscle strength, muscular activity, balance, gait speed, and functionality, mainly compared with concentric training, physical therapy, and daily routine. No significant adverse events were reported during ECC. The critical appraisal of individual articles ranged from some to high concern. CONCLUSION: ECC had a greater and positive effect on motor function in individuals with stroke than other exercise modalities. However, the limited number of studies, variability of outcomes, and the risk of bias produced a low certainty of evidence.
Subject(s)
Muscle Strength , Resistance Training , Stroke Rehabilitation , Humans , Stroke Rehabilitation/methods , Resistance Training/methods , Muscle Strength/physiology , Stroke/physiopathology , Stroke/complications , Postural Balance/physiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Tri-weekly carboplatin is an established neoadjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer, enhancing pathological complete response (pCR) and overall survival. This study explores if weekly carboplatin provides lower toxicity and comparable pCR rates. METHODS/PATIENTS: A retrospective multicenter study (January 2021 to March 2023) compares outcomes of weekly and tri-weekly carboplatin. RESULTS: Among 104 participants, 60% received weekly and 40% tri-weekly treatments. Weekly administration had fewer discontinuations (56.5 vs. 70.7%, p = 0.154). Both schedules exhibited similar overall toxicity (p = 0.087), with slightly higher grade 3-4 toxicity in the tri-weekly group (56.1 vs. 48.4%, p = 0.126). Hematological toxicity was comparable, but the weekly group experienced more diarrhea (p = 0.432) and asthenia (p = 0.012). Weekly treatment correlated with more frequent breast-conserving surgeries (p = 0.004). pCR rates were 50% with weekly and 61% with tri-weekly regimens (p = 0.186). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly carboplatin exhibited comparable toxicity, a trend toward fewer interruptions, and similar pCR rates. Prospective studies are essential for validating these findings.
Subject(s)
Carboplatin , Drug Administration Schedule , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Carboplatin/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Female , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
El valor del arte popular, particularmente del teatro, es relevante en los procesos de elaboración del duelo colectivo de comunidades afectadas por el conflicto armado colombiano, en especial los derivados de la masacre del 2002 en Bojayá. Lo primero que permite comprender es que las diversas manifestaciones de la violencia vividas en el territorio, en especial la masacre y el desplazamiento, tuvieron un impacto disruptivo que desestructuró profundamente la vida cotidiana, la identidad y el mundo de supuestos de los habitantes. En concreto, causó pérdidas múltiples de orden material y simbólico, cuyos duelos han sido muy complejos por las dinámicas de la guerra colombiana que impidieron los rituales funerarios tradicionales para despedir a sus más de ochenta muertos y fragmentó a la comunidad dispersándola en otros municipios.
The value of popular art, particularly theater, is relevant in the processes of elaboration of collective mourning of communities affected by the Colombian armed conflict, especially those derived from the 2002 massacre in Bojayá. The first idea to understand is that the various manifestations of violence experienced in the territory, especially the massacre and displacement, had a disruptive impact that profoundly deconstructed the daily life, identity, and the world of assumptions of the inhabitants. Specifically, it caused multiple losses of material and symbolic order, whose mourning has been very complex due to the dynamics of the Colombian war that prevented the traditional funeral rituals to say goodbye to the more than eighty dead and fragmented the community, by dispersing it in other municipalities.
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Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) causes illness and death in cetaceans worldwide; the CeMV strains circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are poorly known. We detected a pilot whale CeMV strain in 3 short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in Brazil during July-October 2020. Our results confirm this virus circulates in this species.
Subject(s)
Morbillivirus Infections , Morbillivirus , Whales, Pilot , Animals , Morbillivirus Infections/diagnosis , Morbillivirus Infections/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Morbillivirus/geneticsABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: la saturación venosa central de oxígeno (SvcO2) traduce oxigenación tisular a través de la relación entre el consumo y la disponibilidad de oxígeno. La neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 impacta en la morbimortalidad, por lo que identificar pacientes con riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad a través de marcadores séricos como la SvcO2 sería imperativo. Objetivo: identificar si la SvcO2 es un marcador pronóstico en la neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo, analítico. Se clasificó la población de acuerdo al valor de la SvcO2: Grupo 1: SvcO2 < 70%. Grupo 2: SvcO2 70-80%. Grupo 3: SvcO2 > 80%. Se registraron las variables de estudio así como el desenlace clínico durante su estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI): mejoría o defunción. Resultados: se reclutaron 115 pacientes, el grupo 1 incluyó 31 pacientes, el grupo 2 y 3 incluyeron 52 y 32 pacientes respectivamente. El sexo masculino fue el más afectado con 71 pacientes (61.7%). La media de edad fue de 65 años. La mortalidad fue de 51.6, 42.3 y 68.8% en el grupo 1, 2 y 3 respectivamente (p ≥ 0.05). El grupo de SvcO2 de 70-80% presentó una relación inversa con mortalidad con un exponente B -0.185, OR de 0.83 (IC 95% 0.33-2.00) p = 0.69, mientras que el grupo 3 presentó un exponente B de 1 con OR de 2.93 (IC 95% 0.97-8.8) p = 0.05. Conclusión: la SvcO2 > 80% en pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 puede ser un factor de pronóstico para el desenlace fatal independiente de la PaO2/FiO2.
Abstract: Introduction: central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) translates tissue oxygenation through the relationship between oxygen consumption and availability. Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia impacts morbidity and mortality, so identifying patients at risk of disease progression through serum markers such as ScvO2 would be imperative. Objective: to identify whether ScvO2 is a prognostic marker in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Material and methods: retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, analytical study. The population was classified according to the value of ScvO2: Group 1: ScvO2 < 70%. Group 2: ScvO2 70-80%. Group 3: ScvO2 > 80%. The study variables were recorded, as well as the clinical outcome during their stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU): improvement or death. Results: 115 patients were recruited, group 1 included 31 patients, group 2 and 3 included 52 and 32 patients respectively. Male sex was the most affected with 71 patients (61.7%). The median age was 65 years. Mortality was 51.6%, 42.3% and 68.8% for group 1, 2 and 3 respectively p ≥ 0.05. The ScvO2 group of 70-80% presented an inverse relationship with mortality with an exponent B -0.185, OR of 0.83 (95% CI 0.33-2.00) p = 0.69 while group 3 presented an exponent B of 1 with OR of 2.93 (95% CI 0.97-8.8) p = 0.05. Conclusion: ScvO2 > 80% in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia may be a prognostic factor for fatal outcome independent of PaO2/FiO2.
Resumo: Introdução: a saturação venosa central de oxigênio (SvcO2) traduz a oxigenação tecidual por meio da relação entre consumo e disponibilidade de oxigênio. A pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2 afeta a morbidade e a mortalidade, portanto, seria imperativo identificar pacientes com risco de progressão da doença por meio de marcadores séricos, como SvcO2. Objetivo: identificar se a SvcO2 é um marcador prognóstico na pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, descritivo, analítico. A população foi classificada de acordo com o valor de SvcO2: grupo 1: SvcO2 < 70%. Grupo 2: SvcO2 70-80%. Grupo 3: SvcO2 > 80%. As variáveis do estudo foram registradas, assim como o desfecho clínico durante a internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI): melhora ou óbito. Resultados: foram recrutados 115 pacientes, o grupo 1 incluiu 31 pacientes, os grupos 2 e 3 incluíram 52 e 32 pacientes, respectivamente. O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido com 71 pacientes (61.7%). A média de idade foi de 65 anos. A mortalidade foi de 51.6%, 42.3% e 68.8% para os grupos 1, 2 e 3 respectivamente p ≥ 0.05. O grupo SvcO2 de 70-80% apresentou relação inversa com mortalidade com expoente B -0.185 OR de 0.83 (IC 95% 0.33-2.00) p = 0.69 enquanto o grupo 3 apresentou expoente B de 1 com OR de 2.93 (IC 95% 0.97-8.8) p = 0.05. Conclusão: SvcO2 > 80% em pacientes com pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2 pode ser um fator prognóstico para desfecho fatal independente de PaO2/FiO2.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: a través de los índices de oxigenación valoramos la función del sistema respiratorio de oxigenación y ventilación. Objetivo: determinar el valor de los índices de oxigenación como factor de pronóstico para el desenlace en neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo, analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes > 18 años con diagnóstico de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 entre el 01 junio y el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se clasificó a los pacientes de acuerdo al desenlace: sobreviviente o no sobreviviente. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas de acuerdo al caso, se construyeron curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) para determinar los puntos de corte de los gases arteriales con la mejor sensibilidad y especificidad y se determinó el área bajo la curva (ABC) para el desenlace fatal. Resultados: se incluyeron 175 pacientes, 70.3% correspondió al sexo masculino, la media de edad fue de 56 años (rango intercuartil 45-64). El grupo de sobrevivientes incluyó 51 pacientes y el grupo de no sobrevivientes 124 pacientes. Al analizar los gases arteriales al momento de ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos sobresale la PaO2/FiO2 de 100 mmHg y el índice respiratorio (IR) > 2.4 con un ABC de 0.694 y 0.722 respectivamente. A las 96 horas de ingreso destaca PaO2/FiO2 de 145 mmHg, el IR >3 y la PaO2/PAO2 de 0.22 con un ABC de 0.846, 0.840 y 0.842 respectivamente. Conclusión: los gases arteriales medidos a las 96 horas de ingreso a la UCI son marcadores pronósticos para el desenlace fatal en la neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract: Introduction: oxygenation indices we assess the function of the respiratory system of oxygenation and ventilation. Objective: to determine the value of arterial gases as a prognostic factor for the outcome of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Material and methods: retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, analytical study. We included patients > 18 years with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between 1 June and 31 December 2020. Patients were classified according to outcome: survivor or non-survivor. Descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric tests were used according to the case, ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) curves were constructed to determine the cut-off points of arterial gases with the best sensitivity and specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) for the fatal outcome was determined. Results: we included 175 patients, 70.3% corresponded to the male sex, the mean age was 56 years (interquartile range 45-64). The survivor group included 51 patients and the non-survivor group 124 patients. When analyzing arterial gases at the time of admission to the ICU, paO2/FiO2 of 100 mmHg and respiratory index (RI) > 2.4 with ABC 0.694 and 0.722 respectively. At 96 hours of admission, PaO2/FiO2 of 145 mmHg stands out, the RI > 3 and the DA-aO2 of 0.22 with ABC 0.846, 0.840 and 0.842 respectively. Conclusion: arterial blood gases measured at 96 hours of ICU admission are prognostic markers for fatal outcome in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Resumo: Introdução: através dos índices de oxigenação avaliamos a função do sistema respiratório de oxigenação e ventilação. Objetivo: determinar o valor dos índices de oxigenação como fator prognóstico para o desfecho em pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, descritivo, analítico. Icluíram-se pacientes com mais de 18 anos de idade diagnosticados com pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2 entre 1º de junho e 31 de dezembro de 2020. Os pacientes foram classificados de acordo com o desfecho: sobreviventes ou não sobreviventes. Foram usadas estatística descritiva e testes paramétricos e não paramétricos de acordo com o caso, foram construídas curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) para determinar os pontos de corte da gasometria arterial com melhor sensibilidade e especificidade e determinou-se a área sob a curva (ABC) para o desfecho fatal. Resultados: incluíram-se 175 pacientes, 70.3% eram do sexo masculino, a média de idade foi de 56 anos (rango interquartil 45-64). O grupo sobrevivente incluiu 51 pacientes e o grupo não sobrevivente 124 pacientes. Na análise dos gases arteriais no momento da admissão na UTI, destacam-se a PaO2/FiO2 de 100 mmHg e o índice respiratório (IR) > 2.4 com AUC 0.694 e 0.722 respectivamente. Às 96 horas de internamento destaca-se PaO2/FiO2 145 mmHg, IR > 3 e PaO2/PAO2 de 0.22 com ABC 0.846, 0.840 e 0.842 respetivamente. Conclusão: os gases sanguíneos arteriais medidos 96 horas após a admissão na UTI são marcadores prognósticos para desfecho fatal em pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
Las intoxicaciones medicamentosas son un motivo de consulta frecuente en pediatría, además de una de las principales causas externas de mortalidad en adolescentes. El diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos son fundamentales para el manejo adecuado de estos casos. Se presenta una niña de 13 años que, luego de ingerir un fármaco desconocido, muestra decaimiento y manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales. Por sospecha de intoxicación con hierro y la imposibilidad de determinar los niveles de sideremia de manera urgente, se realiza radiografía de abdomen, que confirma el diagnóstico y permite el tratamiento adecuado de la paciente. En este caso, se destaca la utilidad de la radiología para el diagnóstico en la sospecha de intoxicación con hierro, gracias a la radiopacidad de sus sales
Drug intoxication is a common reason for pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and one of the leading causes of death among teenagers. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a proper management of these patients. We present a 13-year-old girl attended at the ED showing excessive sleepiness and gastrointestinal symptoms after taking an unknown drug. Due to suspected iron overdose and the impossibility of measuring urgent iron levels, an abdominal X-ray was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. We highlight the utility of radiology in the diagnosis of iron poisoning, which is possible due to its radiopacity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Emergency Service, Hospital , Iron , Poisoning , X-RaysABSTRACT
Drug intoxication is a common reason for pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and one of the leading causes of death among teenagers. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a proper management of these patients. We present a 13-year-old girl attended at the ED showing excessive sleepiness and gastrointestinal symptoms after taking an unknown drug. Due to suspected iron overdose and the impossibility of measuring urgent iron levels, an abdominal X-ray was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. We highlight the utility of radiology in the diagnosis of iron poisoning, which is possible due to its radiopacity.
Las intoxicaciones medicamentosas son un motivo de consulta frecuente en pediatría, además de una de las principales causas externas de mortalidad en adolescentes. El diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos son fundamentales para el manejo adecuado de estos casos. Se presenta una niña de 13 años que, luego de ingerir un fármaco desconocido, muestra decaimiento y manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales. Por sospecha de intoxicación con hierro y la imposibilidad de determinar los niveles de sideremia de manera urgente, se realiza radiografía de abdomen, que confirma el diagnóstico y permite el tratamiento adecuado de la paciente. En este caso, se destaca la utilidad de la radiología para el diagnóstico en la sospecha de intoxicación con hierro, gracias a la radiopacidad de sus sales.
Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Iron , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , X-RaysABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Botulinum Toxin Type A (TBA) is a biological product used as a rehabilitation treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), administered through an infiltration procedure. The objective is to characterize demographically and clinically the population of patients diagnosed with CP who undergo an infiltration procedure at the Teletón Santiago Institute (TSI). MATERIALS OR PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional pharmaco-epidemiological study was carried out with the records of patients infiltrated with two types of BTA (Botox® or Dysport®) in the TSI, between the months of March to December of 2017. RESULTS: 351 clinical records corresponding to the target population were reviewed, where 38.75% corresponded to females (n = 136) and 61.25% to males (n = 215), with an average age of 8,3 (SD 4,4) years old and a predominant clinical diagnosis of PC Spastic (80,63%, n = 283). OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) were administered in 90,60% (n = 318) and 9,40% (n = 33) of the population respectively. The most used dose interval of Botox® was 115-220 U and Dysport® was 400 - 620 U. The most used infiltration technique was electrostimulation (EE) (52,14%; n = 183) and the muscles with more infiltration frequency were gastrocnemius (23,05%), gracilis (10.79%), hamstrings (10.06%), adductor longus (9.56%) and soleus (6.07%). CONCLUSIONS: Demographically and clinically characterizing the population subjected to infiltration procedure with TBA, allows to visualize the current situation of use of the infiltration as a coadjuvant of the rehabilitation in the patient with PC and to project continuous improvements in the most efficient and effective use of the drug.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Toxina Botulínica Tipo A (TBA) es un producto biológico utilizado como tratamiento de rehabilitación en pacientes con Parálisis Cerebral (PC), administrado mediante infiltración. El objetivo es caracterizar demográfica y clínicamente a la población de pacientes diagnosticados con PC que se someten a procedimiento de infiltración en el Instituto Teletón Santiago (IT-S). MATERIAL O PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio fármaco-epidemiológico de corte transversal con los registros de pacientes infiltrados con dos tipos de TBA (Botox® o Dysport®) en el IT-S, entre los meses de marzo a diciembre del año 2017. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 351 fichas clínicas, 38,75% correspondió a sexo femenino (n = 136) y un 61,25% a sexo masculino (n = 215), edad promedio de 8,3 (DE 4,4) años y diagnóstico clínico predominante de PC Espástica (80,63%; n = 283). Se administró OnaBotulinumToxinA (Botox®) y AboBotulinumToxinA (Dysport®) en un 90,60% (n = 318) y 9,40% (n = 33) de la población, respectivamente. El intervalo de dosis más utilizado de Botox® fue 115 - 220 U y de Dysport® fue 400 - 620 U. La técnica de infiltración más utilizada fue la Electroestimulación (EE) (52,14%; n = 183), y los músculos con mayor frecuencia de infiltración fueron gastrocnemios (23,05%), grácil (10,79%), isquiotibiales (10,06%), aductor largo (9,56%) y sóleo (6,07%). CONCLUSIONES: Caracterizar demográfica y clínicamente a la población sometida a procedimiento de infiltración con TBA permite visualizar la relevancia del uso de infiltración como coadyuvante de la rehabilitación en el paciente con PC y proyectar mejoras continuas en el uso más eficiente y efectivo del fármaco.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuente en las mujeres colombianas y más de la mitad de la incidencia la aportan las adultas mayores de 60 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar clínicamente a un grupo de pacientes ≥ 65 años, con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama primario. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de 188 pacientes con edad ≥ 65 años, con cáncer de mama primario, atendidas en la Fundación Colombiana de Cancerología Clínica Vida, entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2018. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de datos sociodemográficos, comorbilidades, características de la enfermedad y tratamiento. Resultados: La población estudiada (188) presentó una edad promedio de 73 años y en el 79.8% de ellas se reportó al menos una comorbilidad. El 76.6% tuvo enfermedad con receptor hormonal positivo. El manejo primario con cirugía se hizo en el 58.5% de las pacientes, y la mayoría fueron procedimientos conservadores de la mama (70.9%). Conclusión: Las mujeres adultas mayores tienen características del cáncer de mama que pueden diferir de las pacientes jóvenes e influir en el tratamiento que se ofrece, impactando en su pronóstico oncológico, en el pronóstico de sus comorbilidades y en la calidad de vida.
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in Colombian women and more than half of the incidence is contributed by adults over 60 years of age. The objective of this study was to clinically characterize a group of patients ≥ 65 years of age, diagnosed with primary breast cancer. Methodology: Descriptive study of 188 patients aged ≥ 65 years, with primary breast cancer, treated at the Colombian Cancer Foundation - Clínica Vida, between January 2017 and December 2018. A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic data, comorbidities, characteristics of the disease and treatment. Results: The studied population (188) had an average age of 73 years and in 79.8% of them at least one comorbidity was reported. 76.6% had hormone receptor positive disease. The primary manage-ment with surgery was done in 58.5% of the patients, and the majority were breast-conserving proce-dures (70.9%). Conclusion: Older women have characteristics of breast cancer that may differ from young pa-tients. This may influence the treatment offered, impacting on their oncological prognosis, on the prognosis of their comorbidities and on the quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Women , Breast Neoplasms , Aged , Therapeutics , Disease Attributes , Antineoplastic ProtocolsABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: debido a la emergencia del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 desde diciembre del 2019, se ha generado un gran volumen de producción científica, en algún caso incierta o controvertida especialmente en el manejo farmacológico de los pacientes con esta infección; por lo tanto, se considera relevante buscar alternativas metodológicas para realizar su síntesis rigurosa, sistemática y de calidad, pero con menor tiempo de ejecución y menor costo. Objetivo: presentar la evidencia disponible respecto al manejo farmacológico de personas con sospecha o diagnóstico de infección respiratoria por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) utilizando el método de revisiones sistemáticas rápidas (RS-R) en medicamentos poten- cialmente eficaces para su manejo. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática y estructurada en Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Clinical trials y Google Scholar en inglés. Los estudios incluidos fueron guías de práctica clínica, consensos, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos y otros estudios primarios. La búsqueda y extracción de datos se realizó por múltiples revisores, pero ninguna fue pareada. Resultados: dieciseis preguntas de interés clínico fueron resueltas, relacionadas con el uso en COVID-19 de lopinavir/ ritonavir, nelfinavir, oseltamivir, remdesivir, ribavirina, teicoplanina, umifenovir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, ivermectina y plasma convaleciente; también se evaluó el uso de medicamentos de soporte e incluidos en el manejo como la dexametasona, así como el uso concomitante de medicamentos que generaron dudas como son los AINES, los IECA y los ARA II. Conclusiones: los resúmenes de evidencia se muestran dentro del escenario de la pandemia como una buena alternativa metodológica para ofrecer información de calidad a corto plazo para los tomadores de decisiones.
Abstract Introduction: Due to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus since December 2019, a large volume of scientific production has been generated, in some cases uncertain or controversial, especially in the pharmacological management of patients with this infection; therefore, it is considered a relevant search for methodological alternatives to carry out its rigorous, systematic and quality synthesis, but with less execution time and lower cost. Objective: To present the available evidence regarding the pharmacological management of people with suspected or diagnosed respiratory SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) using the method of rapid systematic reviews (RS-R) in potentially effective drugs for their management. Methodology: A systematic and structured search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Clinical trials and Google Scholar in English. Studies included clinical practice guidelines, consensus, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and other primary studies. Data search and extraction were performed by multiple reviewers, but none were paired. Results: Sixteen questions of clinical interest were resolved, related to the use in COVID-19 of lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir, oseltamivir, remdesivir, ribavirin, teicoplanin, umifenovir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, ivermectin, convalescent plasma; the use of support management drugs such as dexamethasone were also evaluated, as well as the concomitant use of drugs that generated doubts, such as NSAIDs, ACEis, and ARA IIs. Conclusions: Summaries of evidence are within the pandemic scenario as a good methodological alternative to offer quality information in the short term for decision-makers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Therapy , COVID-19 , Antiviral Agents , Patients , Therapeutics , Colombia , Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeABSTRACT
El Cáncer de Cuello Uterino (CCU) es un problema de Salud pública a nivel mundial. Su indiscutible asociación con el Virus del papiloma humano (HPV) hace necesario su estudio. El objetivo de este trabajo, es conocer la prevalencia de los diferentes genotipos de HPV, en lesiones pre invasoras de alto grado de malignidad (HSIL) y/o cáncer de cuello uterino. Material y Métodos: Todas las Mujeres que fueron derivadas a pol de TGI del H Clínicas entre enero del 2011 y diciembre de 2012, por un PAP sospechoso de lesión y en las que se confirmó luego un HSIL o cáncer cervical fueron tipificadas. Se recabaron datos de edad, tipo de lesión y genotipificación. La extracción de ADN viral se realizó a partir de muestras cervico vaginales conservadas en medio de transporte comercial (Sacace) mediante el kit QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). Se buscaron 14 genotipos de alto riesgo. Resultados: Se tipificaron 75 pacientes, 19 con CCU y 56 con HSIL. El HPV 16 fue el más prevalente en un 61,5 % para las infecciones únicas y en un casi 100 % para las múltiples y un 60% para el total de las lesiones, seguido en prevalencia por los HPV 31,33 y 45. El HPV 18 fue muy poco prevalente. Conclusiones: En esta muestra, la prevalencia del HPV 16 está acorde con las publicaciones nacionales siendo el más frecuente. El HPV 18 tiene muy baja prevalencia siendo 2 casos en 75, siempre en infecciones múltiples.
Cervical Cancer (CC) is a public health problem worldwide. Its indisputable association with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) makes its study necessary. The objective of this work is to know the prevalence of the different HPV genotypes, in pre-invasive high-grade malignant lesions (HSIL) and / or cervical cancer. Material and Methods: All women who were referred to Low genital tract service in the Hospital de Clinicas between January 2011 and December 2012, for a PAP suspected of injury and in which HSIL or cervical cancer was later confirmed were typified. Data on age, type of lesion and genotyping were collected. The viral DNA extraction was carried out from cervico-vaginal samples preserved in commercial transport medium (Sacace) using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). 14 high-risk genotypes were searched. Results: 75 patients were typified, 19 with CCU and 56 with HSIL. HPV 16 was the most prevalent in 61.5% for single infections and almost 100% for multiple infections and 60% for all lesions, followed in prevalence by HPV 31,33 and 45. The HPV 18 was very rare. Conclusions: In this sample, the prevalence of HPV 16 is in accordance with national publications, being the most frequent. HPV 18 has a very low prevalence, being 2 cases in 75, always in multiple infections.
O câncer cervical é um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. E um câncer com uma ligação comprovada com o vírus do papiloma humano. O objetivo é conhecer a prevalência dos diferentes genótipos do HPV em mulheres que apresentam neoplasias pré-invasivas de alto grau e câncer de colo do útero, que foram tratadas e diagnosticadas no Hospital de Clínicas entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2012. Material e Métodos: o estudo foi realizado em 75 pacientes do Hospital de Clinicas, com diagnóstico histológico de Câncer Cervical e lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau para as quais foi realizado o tipageme do HPV alto risco. Resultados: 75 pacientes foram tipificados, 19 com CCU e 56 com HSIL. O HPV 16 foi o mais prevalente em 61,5% para infecções únicas e quase 100% para infecções múltiplas e 60% para todas as lesões, seguido em prevalência pelo HPV 31,33 e 45. O HPV 18 era muito raro. Conclusões: Nesta amostra, a prevalência do HPV 16 está de acordo com as publicações nacionais, sendo a mais frequente. O HPV 18 tem prevalência muito baixa, sendo 2 casos em 75, sempre em infecções múltiplas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Precancerous Conditions/virology , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Alphapapillomavirus/genetics , Uruguay/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age DistributionABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Producto de la pandemia por COVID-19 y para establecer continuidad a los tratamientos de usuarios y familias, Teletón Chile implementó una encuesta para describir las características demográficas, de salud, sociales, ambientales, factores asociados, atención a distancia y problemas asociados por contingencia COVID-19. OBJETIVO: Describir el servicio de atención a distancia (AD) implementado por Teletón Chile, preferencias y utilidad de redes sociales (RR.SS.) de los usuarios. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo censal a usuarios activos de Teletón al 30 de abril de 2020 desarrollado a través de la aplicación de una encuesta para caracterizar el servicio de AD y RR.SS. RESULTADOS: Se presentan resultados obtenidos entre junio y agosto de 2020, que representan al 31,13% (n = 8.202) de la población total atendida; El 74,54% de los participantes de la encuesta señalan haber recibido AD, de los cuales un 82,02% logra el cumplimiento de las indicaciones siendo la principal razón de no cumplimiento no ser contactado para la modalidad AD desde el área médico-terapéutica (36,55%). Los principales beneficios de la AD son: aumento de la accesibilidad en la atención (44,13%) y disminución de las problemáticas del traslado (17,67%). La preocupación principal es la pérdida de la cantidad de atenciones presenciales (34,41%). CONCLUSIONES: La AD es considerada de utilidad para la continuidad de los programas de rehabilitación. Asimismo, toma relevancia el uso de redes sociales para contacto y seguimiento. Finalmente, para implementar este servicio se requiere considerar las necesidades personales de los usuarios para una rehabilitación remota.
INTRODUCTION: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to establish continuity in the treatment of users and families, Teletón Chile implemented a survey to describe the demographic, health, social and environmental characteristics, associated factors, distance care and associated problems due to COVID-19. Objective: To describe stance Attention (DA) service implemented by Teleton Chile, and the preferences and usefulness of users' social networks (RRSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study of a census type which was developed through the application of a survey to characterize the DA and RRSS service, and includes active Teletón users as of April 30, 2020. RESULTS: Results obtained between June and August 2020 are presented, representing 31.13% (n = 8,202) of the total population served; 74.54% of the survey participants indicated having received of which 82.02% achieved compliance with the prescribed indications, the main reason for non-compliance was not being contacted by the medical-therapeutic area for the DA modality (36.55%). The main benefits of DA are: increased accessibility to care (44.13%) and reduction in transportation problems (17.67%). The main concern is the loss of the amount of face-to-face care (34.41%). CONCLUSIONS: DA is considered useful for the continuity of rehabilitation programs. The use of social networks for contact and follow-up is also relevant. Finally, to implement this service, it is necessary to consider the personal needs of the users for a remote rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Rehabilitation/methods , Telemedicine , Social Networking , COVID-19 , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Remote ConsultationABSTRACT
Introduccción: en Uruguay, el cáncer de cuello uterino ocupó el tercer lugar con una incidencia promedio de 312 nuevos casos por año; fallecieron 134 mujeres promedio por año en el período 2010 - 2014. Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los primeros resultados de una experiencia piloto con la aplicación del test de HPV captura híbrida HC2 (QiagenR) como test de tamizaje primario del cáncer de cuello uterino en una zona del departamento de Canelones. Método: se estudiaron 1.010 mujeres asintomáticas entre 30 y 64 años que concurrieron a realizarse el test de PAP a dos unidades de toma de muestras del Programa de prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino. Se realizó la extracción conjunta de la muestra para PAP, que fue derivada a uno de los laboratorios de citología de la Red de Atención Primaria de Salud y la muestra de HPV que fue procesada con la técnica de captura híbrida en el laboratorio de biología molecular del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Las usuarias con resultados HPV + y PAP anormales (ASC-US+) fueron derivadas a colposcopia, con biopsia y posterior tratamiento cuando correspondió. Resultados: el test de HPV fue positivo en 126/1.010 mujeres (12,5%) y el PAP anormal en 167/1.010 (16,5%). El test de HPV fue positivo en todos los casos CIN2+ 13/13 (100%) mientras que el PAP fue anormal (ASCUS+) en 7/13 (54%) para CIN2+ por biopsia. Conclusión: el test de HPV resultó más eficaz y eficiente que el PAP para la detección de lesiones precancerosas de cuello uterino.
Introduction: in Uruguay, cervical cancer occupied the third place with an average incidence of 312 new cases per year. 134 women died in the 2010 -2014 period. Objective: the study aims to analyse the first results in a pilot experience with the application of Hybrid Capture® 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test™ (hc2) (QiagenR) as the primary screening test for cervical cancer, in the Department of Canelones. Method: 1.010 asymptomatic women whose ages ranged between 30 and 64 years old were studied when they requested a pap smear at two units of sample taking within the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program. Samples were taken along with the pap smear, and sent to one of the cytology labs in the primary health care network, the HPV sample being processed with the hybrid capture technique in the molecular biology laboratory of the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center. Users with abnormal HPV+ and abnormal pap smear results (ASCUS+) were referred to colposcopy, with subsequent biopsy and treatment if required. Results: HPV test was positive in 126/1010 women (12.5%) and PAP was abnormal in 167/1010 cases (16.5%). HPV test was positive in all cases CIN2+ 13/13 (100%) whereas PAP was abnormal (ASCUS+) in 7/13 54%) for CIN2+ in biopsy. Conclusion: HPV test was more effective and efficient than pap smear to detect pre-cancer lesions in the cervix.
Introdução: no Uruguai, no período 2010 - 2014, o câncer de colo do útero foi a terceira causa com uma incidência média de 312 novos casos por ano e uma média de 134 mortes por ano. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os primeiros resultados de uma experiência piloto com a utilização do exame de HPV Captura Híbrida HC2 (QiagenR) na tamizagem primária do câncer de colo do útero em una zona do departamento de Canelones. Método: foram estudadas 1010 mulheres assintomáticas, com idades entre 30 e 64 anos que foram a duas unidades do Programa de Prevenção do Câncer do Colo do Útero para a coleta de amostra para exame de Papanicolau (PAP). Realizou-se uma única extração para duas amostras: uma para PAP, que foi encaminhada a um laboratório de citologia da rede de atenção primária de saúde e outra para o exame de HPV que foi processada com a técnica de captura híbrida no laboratório de biologia molecular do Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. As usuárias com resultados HPV + e PAP anormais (ASCUS+) foram encaminhadas para realização de colposcopia, com biopsia e tratamento quando fosse necessário. Resultados: o exame de HPV foi positivo em 126/1010 mulheres (12.5%) e o PAP foi anormal em 167/1010 (16.5%). O exame de HPV foi positivo em todos los casos CIN2+ 13/13 (100%) e o PAP foi anormal (ASCUS+) em 7/13 (54%) para CIN2+ por biopsia. Conclusão: o exame de HPV foi mais eficaz e eficiente que o PAP para detecção de lesões pré-cancerosas de colo do útero.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Mass Screening/methods , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papanicolaou TestABSTRACT
Brucella-exposure and infection is increasingly recognized in marine mammals worldwide. To better understand the epidemiology and health impacts of Brucella spp. in marine mammals of Brazil, molecular (conventional PCR and/or real-time PCR), serological (Rose Bengal Test [RBT], Competitive [c]ELISA, Serum Agglutination Test [SAT]), pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and/or microbiological investigations were conducted in samples of 129 stranded or by-caught marine mammals (orders Cetartiodactyla [n = 124], Carnivora [n = 4] and Sirenia [n = 1]). Previous serological tests performed on available sera of 27 of the 129 animals (26 cetaceans and one manatee), indicated 10 seropositive cetaceans. Conventional PCR and/or real-time PCR performed in cases with available organs (n = 119) and/or blood or swabs (n = 10) revealed 4/129 (3.1%) Brucella-infected cetaceans (one of them with positive serology; the remaining three with no available sera). Pathological, IHC and/or microbiological analyses conducted in PCR/real-time PCR and/or seropositive cases (n = 13) revealed Brucella-type lesions, including meningitis/meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, necrotizing hepatitis, pericarditis and osteoarthritis in some of those animals, and positive IHC was found in all of them (excepting two live-stranded animals without available organs). Brucella spp. culture attempts were unsuccessful. Our results demonstrated exposure, asymptomatic, acute and chronic Brucella sp. infection in several cetacean species in the Brazilian coast, highlighting the role of this pathogen in stranding and/or death, particularly in Clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene) and short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) off Ceará State. Novel hosts susceptible to Brucella included the franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei), the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) and the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Additionally, three coinfection cases involving Brucella spp. and cetacean morbillivirus, Edwarsiella tarda and Proteus mirabilis were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first long-term and large-scale survey of Brucella spp. in marine mammals of South America, widening the spectrum of susceptible hosts and geographical distribution range of this agent with zoonotic potential.
Subject(s)
Brucella/physiology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Cetacea , Fur Seals , Sirenia , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Brucellosis/microbiology , Brucellosis/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinaryABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la prevalencia de signos y síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) en pacientes con maloclusión. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se revisaron de forma manual 951 fichas clínicas de pacientes ingresados en el Postítulo de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de Universidad de Chile (FOUCH) entre los años 2013 y 2015. Se utilizaron los programas Excel 2013, Stata v. 12 y para la comparación entre grupos etarios se utilizó la prueba estadística de Kruskall Wallis. Resultados: Del total de pacientes con maloclusión, el 43,9% presentaron al menos un signo o síntoma de TTM, siendo la desviación mandibular el signo más prevalente con un 43,2%, seguido por el ruido articular con un 12,6%. El dolor fue el síntoma menos prevalente con un 2%. Los adultos fueron los que presentaron mayor prevalencia de signos y síntomas de TTM. No hubo diferencia estadística entre géneros. Conclusión: Debido a que los signos y síntomas de TTM son una condición tan común en pacientes con maloclusión, es necesaria la evaluación de la ATM siempre que se piense en iniciar un tratamiento ortodóncico, para así establecer un adecuado plan de tratamiento.
ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with malocclusion. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 951 clinical records were reviewed, of patients admitted in the Postgraduate Program of Orthodontia from the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile, between the years 2013 and 2015. The programs Excel 2013 and Stata v. 12 were used, and for the comparison between the age groups the statistical test of Kruskall Wallis was used. Results: Of the total number of patients with malocclusion, 43.85% had at least one sign or symptom of TMD, being the mandibular deviation the most prevalent sign with 43.22%, followed by joint noise with 12.62%. Pain was the least prevalent symptom with 2%. The adults group had the most prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD. There was no statistical difference between genders. Conclusion: Since TMD signs and symptoms are such a common condition in patients with malocclusion, the assessment of TMJ is necessary to consider when planning an orthodontic treatment, to establish an adequate treatment plan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Orthodontics , Signs and Symptoms , Temporomandibular Joint , Therapeutics , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Chile , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
More than 40 mutagenic and carcinogenic agents present in cigarette smoke have been identified as causative factors of human cancer, but no relation has been clearly documented in companion animals. In dogs, in addition to smoke inhalation and transdermic absorption, exposure to smoke includes oral ingestion of particles adhered to the animal's fur. This study evaluates the presence and type of histological alterations and DNA integrity in oropharyngeal tissue in dogs exposed and non-exposed to household cigarette smoke by means of histopathology and comet assay studies on biopsy and swab samples. A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 12 dogs were selected and classified in two groups: exposed and non-exposed to cigarette smoke. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out on biopsy and swab data and a Chi(2) test was performed on the information obtained by histopathology. A significance level was set at P<0.05. Statistically significant differences were found between groups in comet assays carried out on biopsy samples. No differences (P>0.05) were found between groups based on comet assays swab samples and histopathology assessment. In conclusion, exposure to cigarette smoke causes DNA damage in dog oropharyngeal tissue. The use of dogs as sentinels for early DNA damage caused by exposure to environmental genotoxic agents like cigarette smoke is reported for the first time.