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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 898: 165632, 2023 Nov 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37467976

ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic and natural sources contribute to chemical mixtures in air, water, and soil, posing potential risks to the environment and human health. To understand the interplay between element profiles in the human body, geographical location, and associated economic activities, we carried out an observational analytic cross-sectional study. The study recruited 199 participants from three municipalities, two of which had gold-mining as their primary economic activity, while the other was dedicated to agricultural and other local activities not related to mining. The concentrations of a total of 30 elements in human hair samples and 21 elements in environmental soil samples were measured using various spectrometry techniques. Unsupervised clustering analysis using Self-Organizing Maps was applied to human hair samples to analyze element concentrations. Distinct clusters of individuals were identified based on their hair element profiles, which were mapped to geographical location and economic activities. While higher levels of heavy metals (Ag, As, Hg, and Pb) were observed in individuals engaged in mining activities in certain clusters, individuals in agricultural areas show higher concentrations of elements found in pesticides (Ba and Sr). However, the elemental composition of hair is influenced not only by the anthropogenic activities but also by the inherent geological context where people live. Our findings highlight the significance of accounting for environmental factors when evaluating human health risks, as the intricate mixture of elements can yield valuable insights for targeted health interventions.

2.
J Interpers Violence ; 23(11): 1499-512, 2008 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18319374

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the role of neighborhoods in adolescent violence in poor neighborhoods in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The study is part of a larger longitudinal project examining risk and resilience in adolescents' ages 12 to 15 years old and their caregivers. Using a cross-sectional design, a self-completion questionnaire, and an interviewer questionnaire, the authors assessed violent behaviors among participants across demographics, characteristics, and neighborhood social disorganization using the concepts of physical disorders and social disorder. Adolescent violence was positively associated with social disorder. The finding that adults in these neighborhoods walk around with visible firearms and engage in fighting, may have led adolescents to perceive that violence is an accepted behavior. Furthermore, socially disorganized neighborhoods might be less likely to organize on their own behalf because the occurrence of negative experience limits the amount of social support and resources that are available in the neighborhood.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Juvenile Delinquency/statistics & numerical data , Parent-Child Relations , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Social Environment , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Risk-Taking , Socioeconomic Factors
3.
Santa Clara; s.n; com; 14 abr, 2006. CD-ROM.
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-40586

ABSTRACT

Dentro de la universalización de la enseñanza el Proyecto Policlínico Universitario ha llegado con éxito a nuestros centros como una necesidad de desarrollo de la Universidad Médica Cubana. Sin embargo al tratarse de un proyecto complejo y novedoso, en el cual se introducen nuevos escenarios docentes, nuevas figuras académicas, nuevos medios y formas organizativas de la enseñanza, se hace necesario la valoración de su implementación con vistas a su perfeccionamiento consolidación y extensión progresiva. En este trabajo se hace una evaluación mediante una investigación de corte cuanti-cualitativo del Proyecto en el curso 2004-05 en la Facultad de Medicina de Villa Clara donde se obtuvieron resultados que avalan su pertinencia como metodología superior para preparar a los estudiantes de medicina desde su primer año de formación en el policlínico y consultorio de la familia, futuros escenarios de su actuación profesional(AU)


Subject(s)
Curriculum , Primary Health Care , Curriculum , Students, Medical
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-38046

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio del desarrollo psicomotor en 84 niños de los distritos de Barbacoas, Grifo Alto y Candelarita de Puriscal, a los 18 meses de edad. El estudio comprendió las áreas de motricidad, adaptación, lenguaje, personal-social, utilización de recursos, búsqueda del objeto y exploración, evaluadas por medio de pruebas de desarrollo psicomotor de Gesell y Casati-Lezine. Luego de evaluar las áreas se obtuvo un índice de desarrollo (I.D.) global que fue relacionado con la edad gestacional y el peso al nacer de los niños. Los niños de pretérmino mostraron I.D. inferiores en relación con los nacidos a término (p=0,003). Además, se encontró una relación directa entre el peso al nacer y el índice de desarrollo, pues cuanto más bajo era el peso, más bajo fue el índice (r=0,39, p=0,001). Al combinarse el bajo peso al nacer con la prematuridad, el I.D. fue aún más bajo


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Male , Female , Psychomotor Performance , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Costa Rica , Motor Skills
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