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1.
Rev. Soc. Venez. Microbiol ; 31(1): 42-47, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631674

ABSTRACT

Este estudio evaluó el inmunoanálisis enzimático (IAE) para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con coccidioidomicosis (CDM). Se utilizaron 360 muestras de suero: 38 provenientes de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico, micológico e inmunológico de CDM, 100 de individuos sanos, 50 de pacientes sensibilizados a la coccidioidina y 172 con otras patologías, empleando dos exoantígenos de Coccidioides spp. La sensibilidad del IAE fue de 71,1% para ambos antígenos, con especificidad de 98% (Ag 1) y 96% (Ag 2). Los valores predictivos positivos fueron de 93,1% (Ag 1) y 87,1% (Ag 2), y negativos de 89,9% (Ag 1) y 89,7% (Ag 2), con razones de verosimilitud positiva de 35,6 (Ag 1) y 17,8 (Ag 2) y negativa de 0,3 para ambos antígenos. La potencia global del IAE se estimó en 90,6% (Ag 1) y en 89,1% (Ag 2). El índice Kappa reflejó una buena concordancia con la IDD. No se observó correspondencia entre las absorbancias detectadas por el IAE y el título de anticuerpos específicos obtenido mediante IDD en el seguimiento de pacientes con CDM. Se observaron reacciones cruzadas con las muestras de suero de pacientes con paracoccidioidomicosis e histoplasmosis. Se concluyó que el IAE puede ser una técnica útil en el diagnóstico, más no en el seguimiento de pacientes con CDM.


This study evaluated the enzymatic immune analysis (EIA) procedure for the diagnosis and follow-up of coccidioidomycosis (CDM) patients. Three hundred and sixty (360) serum samples were studied using two exoantigens of Coccidioides spp.: 38 obtained from patients with clinical, mycological and immunological CDM diagnosis, 100 from healthy individuals, 50 from individuals sensitized to coccidiodine, and 172 from individuals with other pathologies. It was estimated a 71.1% of sensitivity for both antigens, with a 98% specificity (Ag 1), and 96% (Ag 2), positive predictive values of 93.1% (Ag 1) and 87.1% (Ag 2), and negative predictive values of 89.9% (Ag 1) and 89.7% (Ag 2). The positive verisimilitude rates were 35.6 (Ag 1) and 17.8 (Ag 2), and 0.3 negative verisimilitude rates for both antigens. The global potency of the EIA was estimated as 90.6% (Ag 1) and 89.1% (Ag 2). The Kappa index reflected a good concordance with the IDD. No correspondence between the absorbance detected by the EIA and the title of specific antibodies obtained through IDD was observed in the follow-up of CDM patients. Cross reactions with serum samples from paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis patients was observed. It was concluded that the EIA can be a useful technique for the diagnosis but not for the follow-up of CDM patients.

2.
Med Mycol ; 47(1): 3-15, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19085206

ABSTRACT

Chromoblastomycosis is one of the most frequent infections caused by melanized fungi. It is a subcutaneous fungal infection, usually an occupational related disease, mainly affecting individuals in tropical and temperate regions. Although several species are etiologic agents, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii are prevalent in the endemic areas. Chromoblastomycosis lesions are polymorphic and must be differentiated from those associated with many clinical conditions. Diagnosis is confirmed by the observation of muriform cells in tissue and the isolation and the identification of the causal agent in culture. Chromoblastomycosis still is a therapeutic challenge for clinicians due to the recalcitrant nature of the disease, especially in the severe clinical forms. There are three treatment modalities, i.e., physical treatment, chemotherapy and combination therapy but their success is related to the causative agent, the clinical form and severity of the chromoblastomycosis lesions. There is no treatment of choice for this neglected mycosis, but rather several treatment options. Most of the patients can be treated with itraconazole, terbinafine or a combination of both. It is also important to evaluate the patient's individual tolerance of the drugs and whether the antifungal will be provided for free or purchased, since antifungal therapy must be maintained in long-term regimens. In general, treatment should be guided according to clinical, mycological and histopathological criteria.


Subject(s)
Ascomycota , Chromoblastomycosis , Hand Dermatoses , Leg Dermatoses , Aged , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Ascomycota/classification , Ascomycota/genetics , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Chromoblastomycosis/diagnosis , Chromoblastomycosis/microbiology , Chromoblastomycosis/pathology , Chromoblastomycosis/therapy , Hand Dermatoses/diagnosis , Hand Dermatoses/microbiology , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , Hand Dermatoses/therapy , Humans , Leg Dermatoses/diagnosis , Leg Dermatoses/microbiology , Leg Dermatoses/pathology , Leg Dermatoses/therapy , Male
3.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 22(1): 39-43, 2005 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15813682

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to evaluate an ELISA indirect method in patients with chromoblastomycosis caused by Cladophialophora carrionii. Samples collected before, during and postreatment with ajoene or itraconazole, and those from apparently healthy people from the endemic area were evaluated with the ELISA test. 94 individuals were studied, 10 with chromoblastomycosis, and 84 apparently healthy subjects. All of them were evaluated by clinical-dermatological examinations. On those with lesions suggestive of chromoblastomycosis, mycological studies were carried out to confirm the disease. This approach was repeated during and at the end of therapy. Five patients with lesions < or = 5 cms were treated with ajoene and five with lesions > 5 cms, received itraconazole. Mycological cure (60%) was similar in both groups of patients and persisted three months after therapy. One hundred and fourteen sera were analyzed by ELISA, 30 from 10 patients with chromoblastomycosis, before, during and postreatment and 84 from apparently healthy people, using a somatic antigen of C. carrionii (AgSPP). All patients with chromoblastomycosis were positive before-treatment, two became negative on day 45 of treatment and a total of six patients were negative three months post-treatment. All sera from apparently healthy individuals were negative. The sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 98.9%, respectively. The relationship between clinical-mycological studies and the ELISA assay was 100% before and after treatment. In summary, ELISA could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis and evolution of the therapeutic efficacy in patients with chromomycosis (C. carrionii). The use of an ELISA test is therefore highly recommended to establish remission criteria in chromoblastomycosis caused by C. carrionii.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Chromoblastomycosis/therapy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Fungal/blood , Ascomycota/classification , Ascomycota/drug effects , Ascomycota/immunology , Child , Chromoblastomycosis/diagnosis , Chromoblastomycosis/drug therapy , Chromoblastomycosis/epidemiology , Chromoblastomycosis/immunology , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment Outcome
4.
Invest Clin ; 46(1): 65-74, 2005 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15782538

ABSTRACT

Superficial mycoses are considered to affect more frequently patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2), specially onychomycosis and Tinea pedis. The purpose of this study was to compare the dermatophytoses, candidiasis and Pitiriasis versicolor frequency between 40 patients with DM-2 and 40 healthy persons of either sex, 40 years old or more. Clinical, metabolic, mycologic and inmunologic studies against Candida albicans, were carried out. Both diabetics 75% (30/40) and controls 65% (26/40) presented a high frequency of superficial mycoses (no significant difference p = 0.329). Pitiriasis versicolor was not detected in diabetic patients. They presented Tinea unguium, concomitant with Tinea pedis, with a higher frequency. The predominant dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum 18/23 (78%) in diabetics and 8/16 (50%) in non diabetics. Candida was isolated as commensal from oral mucous: 23/40 (58%) in diabetics and 21/40 (52%) in non diabetics (serotipo A was the more frequent), and from onychomycosis: 11/40 (28%) in diabetics and 12/40 (30%) in non diabetics. The immunological response was the same in both groups: celular 100%, humoral 20%. No statistical correlation among superficial mycoses, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin values or the time suffering the disease was observed. The high susceptibility to dermatophytes and Candida sp. infection showed to be associated with age and no with the diabetic type 2 condition in those patients.


Subject(s)
Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Candidiasis/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Disease Susceptibility , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Onychomycosis/epidemiology , Prevalence , Tinea Versicolor/epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiology
5.
Invest. clín ; 46(1): 65-74, mar. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-413972

ABSTRACT

Se considera que las micosis superficiales son más frecuentes en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (DM-2) especialmente la onicomicosis y la Tinea pedis. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la frecuencia de dermatofitosis, candidiasis y pitiriasis versicolor entre 40 pacientes DM-2 y 40 personas sanas, de ambos sexos con 40 años de edad o más. Se realizó examen clínico, metabólico, micológico e inmunológico con antígenos de Candida albicans. Treinta diabéticos (75 por ciento) y 26 (65 por ciento) individuos del grupo control presentaron una alta frecuencia de micosis superficiales (diferencia no significativa p=0,329). No se detectó ningún caso de pitiriasis versicolor en los diabéticos. Estos presentaron con mucho mayor frecuencia Tinea unguium concomitante a Tinea pedis. Trichophyton rubrum fue el dermatofito predominante 18/23 (78 por ciento) en diabéticos y 8/16 (50 por ciento) en no diabéticos. Se aisló Candida como comensal en mucosa oral: en 23 (58 por ciento) diabéticos y en 21/(52 por ciento) no diabéticos (el serotipo A fue el más frecuente), y en onicomicosis: 11/40 (28 por ciento) diabéticos y 12/40 (30 por ciento) no diabéticos. La respuesta inmunitaria fue la misma en ambos grupos: celular 100 por ciento y humoral 20 por ciento. No se observó correlación estadística entre la frecuencia de las micosis superficiales, los niveles de glucosa en sangre, los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada ni el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes. La alta susceptibilidad a infecciones por dermatofitos y Candida sp. estaría relacionada con la edad y no con la condición de diabético tipo 2 en estos pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Dermatomycoses , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Mycoses , Onychomycosis , Tinea Versicolor , Medicine , Venezuela
6.
Invest. clín ; 37(1): 61-73, mar. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-172803

ABSTRACT

Se reportan tres casos nuevos de micetoma estudiados en nuestro laboratorio durante los últimos 4 años. Se informa sobre la evolución del primer caso por pyrenochaeta romeroi nova species reportado por Borelli en 1959Los pacientes hombres agricultores con edades de 18, 42 y 54 años proceden de las zonas semiárida y subhúmeda del Estado Falcón. Al exámen clínico presentaron síndrome de micetoma (edema, fístulas y granos); de 6 meses a 3v años de evolución. Las lesiones se localizaron en los miembros inferiores en dos pacientes y en dos de ellos en el torax. El diagnóstico clínico fue confirmado por estudio micribiológico y micológico, aislándose en dos casos Nocardia brasilenzis y en uno Madurella grisea. Dos de los pacientes recibieron terapia a base de Sulfas con remisión de su enfermedad en dos años de seguimiento


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Mycetoma/diagnosis , Mycetoma/therapy , Venezuela
7.
Invest. clín ; 36(4): 173-82, dic. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-180903

ABSTRACT

Se realizó estudio histopatológico, mediante el uso de microscopio fotónico y electrónico, de la cromomicosis causada por c: carrionii. Se tomaron biopsias a 10 pacientes y se procesaron por las técnicas histológicas convencionales de hematoxilina y eosina y de microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Al microscopio de luz se evidenciaron los componentes granulomatoso y supurativo del proceso infeccioso acompañado de otros elementos celulares como linfocitos, células plasmáticas, eosinófilos y células de Langerhans. El hongo se observó libre o en el interior de células fogocíticas. Ultraestructuralmente presentó una pared celular gruesa, laminar y electrondensa. La membrana citoplasmática mostró abundantes invaginaciones y vacuolas que contenían un material electrodenso. Se plantea la existencia de un proceso de secreción-excreción del pigmento oscuro parecido a melanina, el cual se deposita en la pared celular del hongo contribuyendo así a la resistencia que opone la célula fúngica a su destrucción por el fagocito. Se hace necesario determinar el papel exacto de las células de Langerhans en la cromomicosis causada por C. carrionii


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chromoblastomycosis/ultrastructure , Cladosporium
8.
Invest. clín ; 31(3): 121-8, 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-97569

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una encuesta en 1.546 personas en tres localidades del Estado Falcón con características climáticas diferentes. El diagnóstico de pitiriasis versicolor se confirmo por microscopia. Se encontró aumento notable de la frecuencia durante y después de la pubertad. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias de P.V. en zona semiárida (9%) y subhúmeda (12%). La menor frecuencia correspondíó a la zona de clima templado de La Sierra de Falcón (4%). Se demuestra por primera vez que un clima cálido y húmedo favorece el parasitismo por Malassezia sp


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Malassezia/growth & development , Pityriasis/epidemiology
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