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2.
Dev World Bioeth ; 22(4): 259-266, 2022 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34773430

ABSTRACT

Organ transplantation is a lifesaving procedure for end-organ damage and remains up to today as the most cost-effective alternative to treat these conditions. However, the main limitation to performing organ transplants is the availability of donor organs suitable for transplantation. To increase the donor pool, expanding organ donation from the conventional neurologic determination of death (NDD) to include circulatory determination of death (DCD) has been a well-established method of increasing donors in other countries. In this article, we discuss the clinical and ethical considerations for introducing DCD in Chile. The concepts we have used could very well be translatable to other similar countries which have not implemented this donation system yet. The most relevant issue to date is that DCD needs to alter the care of dying patients to obtain quality donor organs. In some countries, including Chile, there are some cultural barriers regarding withdrawal-of-care. These barriers include confusing withdrawal of care with acceleration of death, which leads to many practitioners refusing to remove artificial life support, and in turn only minimize ventilatory support or switch to a T-tube (without extubation). This cultural barrier could be overcome with careful consideration of the opinions of healthcare workers, family members, community and policy-based stakeholders. We also identified ethical issues related to informed consent of both donor and recipients, among other relevant ethical considerations. In conclusion, DCD donation in Chile can increase organ donation numbers in one of Latin America's countries with the lowest effective donor rate. However, this opportunity must be taken with caution to avoid the opposite effect if this policy is not well implemented, respecting the sound ethical principles mentioned in this paper.


Subject(s)
Organ Transplantation , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Humans , Chile , Tissue Donors , Death
3.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2017(7): rjx130, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28852454

ABSTRACT

Post-traumatic pulmonary hernia can occur immediately after thoracic trauma or it may also appear months or even years after the onset. We report a case of a seventeen year-old male patient with thoracic blunt trauma secondary to high energy bicycle accident. Chest CT shows moderate hemothorax and pneumothorax, displaced fracture of the fifth left rib, and protusion of pulmonary tissue through a chest wall defect. In the Emergency Room the patient presents with chest pain (7/10 in Visual Analog Scale) and respiratory distress. Video-assisted thoracic surgery approach was chosen. Hernia reduction, non-anatomic lingular resection and rib fracture external fixation using a titanium plate was performed. Traumatic pulmonary hernia is an uncommon complication of thoracic trauma which may constitute an emergency for the trauma or thoracic surgeon. The early management of this injury can be developed by minimally invasive approach with excellent results.

4.
Med. UIS ; 29(3): 101-105, sep.-dic. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-954893

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El neumotórax espontáneo primario es la presencia de aire en la cavidad pleural como consecuencia de la ruptura de bulas o blebs subpleurales en un pulmón que por otro lado está sano y sin antecedentes traumáticos. Es más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres y es raro en el embarazo, habiéndose publicado menos de 60 casos en la literatura. El objetivo es reportar un neumotórax espontáneo en una embarazada y realizar una revisión del tema. El caso corresponde a una mujer de 19 años, primigestante que presenta un neumotórax espontáneo primario tratado inicialmente con pleurotomía, el cual evoluciona satisfactoriamente, pero a las 24 horas ser retirada esta, presenta recidiva por lo que se realiza videotoracoscopia con resección de bulas y pleurodesis. Evoluciona adecuadamente, se da de alta en buenas condiciones y posteriormente lleva a cabo su trabajo de parto vaginal sin complicaciones. El tratamiento del neumotórax en el embarazo es igual al de los pacientes no obstétricos. Los neumotórax espontáneos recurrentes, los persistentes, los con fuga aérea por el tubo más allá del cuarto día y los bilaterales son indicaciones de procedimiento quirúrgico por toracotomía o videotoracoscopia. Se debe considerar el diagnóstico en cualquier embarazada con dolor torácico agudo, disnea súbita o antecedentes de neumotórax previo y este debe ser confirmado con radiografía de tórax con la adecuada protección del feto. Su reconocimiento y manejo es esencial para evitar complicaciones a la madre y al feto. El tratamiento quirúrgico por videotoracoscopia fue seguro en este caso. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(3):101-5.


ABSTRACT Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural cavity as a consequence of a rupture of bullae or subpleural blebs in an otherwise healthy lung, without a clear history of trauma. Is more frequent in men than in women, and rarely presents during pregnancy, less than 60 cases has been reported in literature. The objective is to report the case of a 19-year-old primiparous woman who presents spontaneous pneumothorax treated initially with pleurostomy. Initial evolution is satisfactory, but 24 hours after withdrawal of chest tube, patient recurs. Patient is managed with videothoracoscopic bullectomy followed by pleurodesis. The procedure was well tolerated and is discharged in optimum condition and subsequently goes into labor, giving birth without any complications. In conclusion, treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy can be safely managed in the same way as non-obstetric patients. Recurring, persistent, or with air leak beyond 4 days and bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, are indication for thoracic surgery. The diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax must be considered in any pregnant woman with acute thoracic pain, sudden onset dyspnoea and past medical history of it. The diagnosis must be confirmed with chest X ray, considering fetus protecting measures. Recognition and opportune treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in the pregnant woman is essential to avoid maternal or fetal complications. Videothoracoscopic treatment has been proven safe in this case. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(3):101-5.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Pneumothorax , Thoracic Surgery , Parity , Pleura/surgery , Pregnancy , Pleurodesis , Gravidity , Video-Assisted Surgery
5.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 81(4): 317-320, ago. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-795896

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: La endometriosis afecta entre 5 al 15% de las mujeres en edad reproductiva. La presentación torácica es una entidad de baja frecuencia (menos del 1% de todos los casos de endometriosis), y puede localizarse en vía aérea, parénquima, pleuras o diafragma. Sus manifestaciones clínicas habitualmente se presentan dentro de las primeras 72 horas del inicio de la menstruación y consisten en dolor torácico, neumotórax o hemoptisis. El mejor manejo consiste en supresión hormonal y manejo quirúrgico en casos refractarios. OBJETIVOS: Describir un caso de endometriosis diafragmática tratada satisfactoriamente por videotoracoscopia. CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 27 años, con antecedentes de endometriosis ovárica operada con electrofulguración dos años previo. Consulta por omalgia derecha y dado antecedentes de endometriosis pélvica, se solicita TAC torácico, que informa formación sólida, ovoídea, de 30 mm x 13 mm, que capta contraste en forma parcial ubicado en la región subdifragmática derecha. Se interpreta imagen como posible foco de endometriosis, se complementa con RNM que es concordante con el diagnóstico. Se realiza videotoracoscopia derecha con resección diafragmática y reparación primaria. Anatomía patológica informa focos de endometriosis con márgenes negativos. Se retira la pleurostomía a las 48 horas, siendo dada de alta a los tres días. A un año de seguimiento, está asintomatica y sin evidencia de recidiva. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de su baja frecuencia, la endometriosis torácica representa un importante compromiso de la calidad de vida. Casos con complicaciones torácicas, con regular o deficiente respuesta a terapia hormonal, se benefician de resolución quirúrgica por vía mínimamente invasiva.


BACKGROUND: Endometriosis affects between 5 to 15% of women of reproductive age. Thoracic presentation entity is infrequent (less than 1% of all cases of endometriosis) and may be located in airway parenchyma, pleura or diaphragm. Its clinical manifestations usually occur within the first 72 hours of onset of menstruation and include chest pain, pneumothorax or hemoptysis. Better management consists of hormonal suppression and surgical management in refractory cases. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of diaphragmatic endometriosis, successfully treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). CASE REPORT: Woman of 27 years old, with a history of ovarian endometriosis operated by electrofulguration two years before. She present right omalgia and a history of pelvic endometriosis. Chest CT report a solid, ovoid formation, 30 mm x 13 mm, which captures contrast partially, located in the right sub diaphragmatic region. Image is interpreted as a possible focus of endometriosis, it is complemented by RNM that is consistent with the diagnosis. It is performed VATS right with diaphragmatic resection and primary repair. Pathology reports endometriosis with negative margins. The pleurostomy is removed after 48 hours, she was discharged after three days. A one year follow up, it is asymptomatic and without evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Despite its low frequency, the thoracic endometriosis represents an important commitment to the quality of life. Cases with chest complications, and with fair or poor response to hormone therapy, benefit with minimally invasive surgical resolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Thoracic Diseases/surgery , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted , Endometriosis/surgery , Thoracic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Endometriosis/diagnostic imaging
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