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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(3): 149-155, mar. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-134566

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La introducción de las vacunas conjugadas antineumocócicas ha supuesto un cambio en la epidemiología de la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI). El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido describir la evolución de la ENI en la Comunidad Valenciana durante el periodo 2007-2012. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo de ENI en la Comunidad Valenciana durante el periodo 2007-2012. Las fuentes de información utilizadas han sido el sistema de Análisis de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica (AVE) y la Red Microbiológica Valenciana (RedMIVA) de la Conselleria de Sanitat. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de ENI ha disminuido entre 2007 y 2012 en todos los grupos de edad, mayoritariamente en menores de 5 años, pasando de 30,5 a 12,3 casos por 105 habitantes (p < 0,001). La neumonía constituye la principal forma de presentación de la enfermedad, con disminución de sus cifras de 6,9 a 4,1 casos por 105 (p < 0,001). Se ha observado una reducción progresiva no significativa de la proporción de casos por serotipos contenidos en la vacuna heptavalente (PCV7), principalmente en menores de 5 años, del 26 al 12% (p = 0,23). Los casos por serotipos adicionales de la vacuna conjugada 13-valente (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F y 19A) también muestran tendencia descendente, principalmente en menores de 5 años vacunados (52,6% vs 14,3%; p = 0,03), mientras que se incrementa significativamente la proporción de casos por serotipos no vacunales, del 42,3 al 56,7% en población general (p = 0,002), y del 47,4 al 78,6% en menores de 5 años vacunados (p = 0,08). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio muestran una reducción de la incidencia de ENI, con disminución de la proporción de casos producidos por serotipos vacunales e incremento de la proporción de los no vacunales. La vigilancia epidemiológica resulta necesaria para monitorizar la evolución de la enfermedad


INTROCUCTION: The introduction of conjugated anti-pneumonia vaccines has led to a change in the epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD). The aim of this study is to describe the trends in IPD in the Community of Valencia during the period 2007-2012. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted on IPD in the Community of Valencia during the period 2007-2012, The information sources used were the Epidemiological Surveillance Analysis (Análisis de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica (AVE)) and the Valencian Microbiology Net York (Red Microbiológica Valenciana (RedMIVA)) of the Valencia Health Department. Results: The incidence of IPD decreased between 2007 and 2012 in all age groups, mainly in the under 5 year-olds, dropping from 30.5 cases to 12.3 cases per 105 inhabitants (p < .001). Pneumonia was the principal presentation of the disease, with a decrease in its rates from 6.9 to 4.1 cases per 105 inhabitants (p < .001). A gradual, non-significant, reduction from 26% to 12% (p = .23) was observed in the proportion of cases due to the serotypes contained in the heptavalent vaccine (PCV7), mainly in the under 5 year-olds. The cases due to additional serotypes in 13-valent conjugated vaccine (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F and 19A) also showed a decreasing trend, mainly in vaccinated under 5 year-olds (52.6% vs 14.3%; p = .03), while the cases due to non-vaccine serotypes significantly increased from 42.3% to 56.7% in the general population (p = .002), and from 47.4% to 78.6% in vaccinated under 5 year-olds (p = .08). Conclusions: The results of this study show a reduction in the incidence of IPD, with a decrease in the proportion of cases produced by vaccine serotypes, and an increase in the proportion of those not vaccinated. Epidemiological Surveillance is necessary to monitor the trends in the disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epidemiological Monitoring , Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Time Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Incidence , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies
2.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 33(3): 149-55, 2015 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25124486

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of conjugated anti-pneumonia vaccines has led to a change in the epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD). The aim of this study is to describe the trends in IPD in the Community of Valencia during the period 2007-2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive and longitudinal study was conducted on IPD in the Community of Valencia during the period 2007-2012, The information sources used were the Epidemiological Surveillance Analysis (Análisis de la Vigilancia Epidemiológica (AVE)) and the Valencian Microbiology Network (Red Microbiológica Valenciana (RedMIVA)) of the Valencia Health Department. RESULTS: The incidence of IPD decreased between 2007 and 2012 in all age groups, mainly in the under 5 year-olds, dropping from 30.5 cases to 12.3 cases per 10(5) inhabitants (p< .001). Pneumonia was the principal presentation of the disease, with a decrease in its rates from 6.9 to 4.1 cases per 10(5) inhabitants (p< .001). A gradual, non-significant, reduction from 26% to 12% (p=.23) was observed in the proportion of cases due to the serotypes contained in the heptavalent vaccine (PCV7), mainly in the under 5 year-olds. The cases due to additional serotypes in 13-valent conjugated vaccine (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F and 19A) also showed a decreasing trend, mainly in vaccinated under 5 year-olds (52.6% vs 14.3%; p=.03), while the cases due to non-vaccine serotypes significantly increased from 42.3% to 56.7% in the general population (p=.002), and from 47.4% to 78.6% in vaccinated under 5 year-olds (p=.08). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show a reduction in the incidence of IPD, with a decrease in the proportion of cases produced by vaccine serotypes, and an increase in the proportion of those not vaccinated. Epidemiological Surveillance is necessary to monitor the trends in the disease.


Subject(s)
Epidemiological Monitoring , Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Time Factors , Young Adult
3.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 84(5): 623-633, sept.-oct. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-82404

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: En la Comunidad Valenciana se ha llevado a cabo la vigilancia de la Gripe pandémica. Algunos estudios sobre efectividad de la vacuna estacional para Gripe AnH1N1 han presentado resultados no consistentes. El objetivo del trabajo es describir los resultados de la vigilancia epidemiológica y la efectividad de la vacuna estacional para Gripe pandémica en las semanas 28 a 51 de 2009. Métodos: Se estudiaron los casos en atención primaria, hospitalizados confirmados, aislamientos virales y reacción de la cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y coberturas vacunales. Se calculó la efectividad vacunal por el método de screening de Farrington, en tres grupos de edad y dos periodos: vacunados de las temporadas 2008-9 y 2009-10. Resultados: En el primer periodo (semanas 28 a 40) los casos se concentraron en el grupo de 15 a 64 años (7.207 casos), seguido de los menores de 15 años (1.596 casos). En el segundo periodo (semanas 45 a 47) afectó más a menores de 15 años (28.218 casos). En ambos periodos las tasas de incidencia en mayores de 65 años fue de 56,3 y 125,1 respectivamente. En el periodo estudiado (semanas 28 a 51) se confirmaron 5.481 casos de los que 1.746 (31,8%) fueron hospitalizados. La curva de personas hospitalizadas presentaba un perfil similar al de atención primaria, y también el seguimiento microbiológico del virus. La efectividad vacunal en el segundo periodo fue del 25% en adultos entre 15 y 64 años y del 51% en mayores de 64 años. Conclusiones: Se observó una protección edad dependiente con efectividad vacunal positiva en los mayores de 64 años, aunque puede estar confundida por exposición natural al virus, vacunas previas y o respuesta inmunitaria(AU)


Background: Surveillance of Pandemic influenza was carried out in the Valencian Community. Some effectiveness studies of the seasonal vaccine for AnH1N1 virus have presented no consistent results. The objective of the work consists on describing the results of the epidemic surveillance and effectiveness of the seasonal vaccine for pandemic influenza in the weeks 28 to 51, 2009. Methods: We studied the cases in primary care, hospitalized confirmed, Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and viral isolates and vaccine coverage. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by the Farrington method of screening method, in three age groups, and two periods: vaccinated 2008-9 and 2009-10 seasons. Results: In the first period (weeks 28-40) the incidence rates were highest in the group of 15-64 years (7207 cases), followed by those under 15 years (1596 cases). In the second period (weeks 45-47) children under 15 years (28218 cases) were the most affected. In both periods incidence in patients older than 65 years was low (rates of 56,3 and 125,1 respectively). In the studied period (weeks 28 at 51) 5481 cases were confirmed, of those that 1746 (31,8%) were hospitalized. The curve of hospitalization rate showed a profile similar to those in primary care and also in microbiological surveillance of the virus. The vaccine effectiveness in the second period was 25% in adults between 15 and 64 years and 51% in those older than 64 years. Conclusions: There is an age-dependent protection with positive vaccine efficacy in the elderly, although it may be confounded by natural exposure to the virus, previous immunizations or immune response(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Population Surveillance/methods , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care , Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 84(5): 623-33, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21203724

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surveillance of Pandemic influenza was carried out in the Valencian Community. Some effectiveness studies of the seasonal vaccine for AnH1N1 virus have presented no consistent results. The objective of the work consists on describing the results of the epidemic surveillance and effectiveness of the seasonal vaccine for pandemic influenza in the weeks 28 to 51, 2009. METHODS: We studied the cases in primary care, hospitalized confirmed, Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and viral isolates and vaccine coverage. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by the Farrington method of screening method, in three age groups, and two periods: vaccinated 2008-9 and 2009-10 seasons. RESULTS: In the first period (weeks 28-40) the incidence rates were highest in the group of 15-64 years (7207 cases), followed by those under 15 years (1596 cases). In the second period (weeks 45-47) children under 15 years (28218 cases) were the most affected. In both periods incidence in patients older than 65 years was low (rates of 56,3 and 125,1 respectively). In the studied period (weeks 28 at 51) 5481 cases were confirmed, of those that 1746 (31,8%) were hospitalized. The curve of hospitalization rate showed a profile similar to those in primary care and also in microbiological surveillance of the virus. The vaccine effectiveness in the second period was 25% in adults between 15 and 64 years and 51% in those older than 64 years. CONCLUSIONS: There is an age-dependent protection with positive vaccine efficacy in the elderly, although it may be confounded by natural exposure to the virus, previous immunizations or immune response.


Subject(s)
Influenza Vaccines , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Pandemics , Population Surveillance , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Seasons , Spain/epidemiology , Time Factors , Young Adult
6.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 79(1): 47-57, ene.-feb. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038855

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Se describe un brote de toxiinfección alimentariapor Salmonella enteritidis ocurrido en dos salones de banquetes conocho grupos de comensales afectados. El objeto de la investigaciónfue determinar el alimento vehículo de transmisión de la enfermedad.Métodos: Se analizaron los procesos de elaboración de los alimentossusceptibles de haber causado el brote. La asociación de losalimentos con la enfermedad se analizó mediante un diseño de casosy controles. Se calcularon las Odds Ratio ajustadas (ORa) y sus intervalosde confianza al 95% (IC95%) por regresión logística.Resultados: El número de comensales fue 1.771, distribuidos en13 grupos durante tres días consecutivos. Se encuestó a 629 personas(36%). El número de casos probables fue de 250, 61 confirmados porsalmonella enterica. El biscuit glasé (postre con huevo crudo sin tratamientotérmico) presentó la Odds Ratio ajustada más alta (ORa =20,40; IC95%:7,52-55,30) y fue positivo a Salmonella enterica serotipoenteritidis.Conclusiones: Existe evidencia epidemiológica y de laboratoriode que el biscuit glacé fue el alimento contaminado que causó el brote.La investigación destacó como factores contribuyentes la utilizaciónde huevo crudo, la producción en grandes cantidades y con antelaciónal consumo del alimento


Background: An outbreak of Salmonella enteriditis food poisoninghaving occurred at two banquet halls, affecting eight groupsof guests, is described. This research was aimed at determining thefood by means of which this illness was transmitted.Methods: An analysis was conducted of the food processingprocedures subject to having caused the outbreak. The association ofthe foods with the illness was analyzed by means of a case and controldesign. The adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) and the 95% confidenceintervals (CI95%) were calculated by logic regression.Results: The guests totalled 1,771 in number, being divided upinto 13 groups for three days running. A total of 629 individuals(36%) were surveyed The probable cases totalled 250 in number, 61confirmed by Salmonella enterica.The glazed biscuit (dessert withraw egg having undergone no heat processing) showed the highestadjusted Odds Ratio (aOR = 20.40; CI95%:7.52-55.30) and testedpositive for Salmonella enterica of the enteritidis serotype.Conclusions: Epidemiological and laboratory evidence supportsthe glazed biscuit having been the contaminated food having causedthe outbreak. The research stressed as contributing factors: the useof raw egg, the production of large quantities ahead of time, prior tothe time at which the food item in question was to be eaten


Subject(s)
Humans , Salmonella Food Poisoning/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Salmonella Food Poisoning/diagnosis , Salmonella Food Poisoning/etiology , Salmonella Food Poisoning/microbiology , Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 74(2): 163-176, mar. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9672

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Siendo la escuela el marco ideal para desarrollar actividades de Educación para la Salud, se pretende detectar y cuantificar los cambios en actitudes y conocimientos de los adolescentes escolarizados en Algemesí (Valencia), tras una intervención educativa sobre la infección por VIH. Método: Se invitó a participar a once centros docentes con 2.599 adolescentes (12-19 años), matriculados en once niveles educativos (Educación Secundaria, Bachillerato Unificado Polivalente, Curso de Orientación Universitaria y Formación profesional). La intervención, Aulasida, desarrollada durante el curso escolar 1996-1997, consistió en una charla-coloquio informativa y actividades participativas en grupos reducidos, con material didáctico. El instrumento de medida fue un cuestionario. Se diseñó un estudio transversal antes-después. Se realizó un análisis estratificado según edad y nivel educativo. Las medias se compararon con la prueba t de Student y los porcentajes de cambio con Chi2. Resultados: Aceptaron participar 9 centros. 1575 alumnos respondieron al pre-test (47,4 por ciento hombres; 52,1 por ciento mujeres), la edad media fue de 15,2 (1,96) años. El promedio de respuestas correctas en el pre-test fue 13,5 (2,8). En el post-test, hubo un aumento global hasta 14,7 (3,0) aciertos (p<0,01). Por niveles educativos, este incremento fue llamativo en el grupo de menor edad. Las fuentes de información sobre la infección por VIH más habituales fueron: televisión (80,8 por ciento), Aulasida (76,8 por ciento), profesores (60,9 por ciento), folletos (58,4 por ciento) y películas (53,7 por ciento).Conclusiones: Las intervenciones educativas son herramientas útiles para incrementar conocimientos y mejorar actitudes sobre la infección por VIH; la escuela secundaria es un buen medio para ello, debiéndose realizar las intervenciones en los grupos más jóvenes, por ser mayor el impacto que se obtiene en ellos (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Attitude to Health , Cognition , HIV Seropositivity , Health Education , Preventive Health Services , Spain , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent Behavior , Health Promotion , Catchment Area, Health
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