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1.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 70 Suppl 3: 10-17, 2023 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37596175

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is an extremely prevalent pathology and, in order to be able to address it, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence on its genesis and maintenance. We hypothesise that the timing of meals and sleep, the regularity of these throughout the week and a sedentary lifestyle influence the degree of obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included children and adolescents with obesity who attended a first check-up visit at the Childhood Obesity Unit between January 2018 and February 2020. The data were obtained from a questionnaire on food (36-h intake, frequency of consumption, eating times and habits) and sleep. RESULTS: The degree of obesity was influenced to a greater extent by later meal times and the distribution of calories throughout the day (less at breakfast, more at dinner) than by the total number of calories ingested. In addition, a lower consumption of vegetables was related to a higher degree of obesity. The difference between the hours of sleep at weekends and on weekdays correlated positively with a higher degree of obesity. Finally, the anthropometric data correlated negatively with the number of hours of physical activity. Almost half of the children did not exercise after school. CONCLUSION: In the approach to childhood obesity, it is necessary to include recommendations on the regularity of meal and sleep times, as well as the distribution of calories throughout the day. Additionally, it is necessary to encourage the practice of physical exercise.


Subject(s)
Pediatric Obesity , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Exercise , Anthropometry , Sleep , Feeding Behavior
2.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 69(8): 566-575, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36347797

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Different obesity-related comorbidities already present in childhood, such as: vitamin D deficiency, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of comorbidities and to determine the predictive factors that affect these comorbidities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical variables were collected from obese patients between six and 18 years of age. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the patients and the prevalence of comorbidities, as well as their predictive factors. RESULTS: A total of 158 obese children (76 boys and 82 girls) with a mean age at diagnosis of 12.48 years and a BMI Z-score of +3.24 SDS were included. The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency (64.2%), insulin resistance (45.1%), dyslipidaemia (32.2%), hyperuricaemia (18.5%) and arterial hypertension (15%). Age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and male sex have been found to be predictors of these comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Obese children and adolescents have a high prevalence of comorbidities. Once the diagnosis of obesity has been established, it would be very useful to identify early those patients with a higher risk of comorbidities, knowing their relationship with sex, age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and pubertal stage.


Subject(s)
Dyslipidemias , Hypertension , Pediatric Obesity , Vitamin D Deficiency , Female , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Male , Prevalence , Body Mass Index , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology
4.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32690576

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to compare high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in children with type 1 diabetes, healthy controls, and children with obesity. Additionally, we aimed to analyze the association between hsCRP levels and glycemic control measured by glycohemoglobin A (HbA1c) and anthropometric and biochemical variables. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a non-randomized descriptive study of children with type 1 diabetes matched for sex and age with a control group and group with obesity. We recorded anthropometric parameters and studied variables related to diabetes, blood pressure, lipid profile, and HbA1c. hsCRP was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: We included 49 children with type 1 diabetes, 46 controls, and 40 children with obesity. hsCRP levels were significantly higher in the group with type 1 diabetes compared with controls and nearly significantly lower than in the group comprising children with obesity. We found no correlation between hsCRP and HbA1c and characteristics of type 1 diabetes with the exception of albumin to creatinine ratio. Statistically significant association was found between hsCRP and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference Z-score. CONCLUSIONS: The higher hsCRP levels observed in children with type 1 diabetes compared with a control group with a similar BMI suggest a basal inflammatory state that could increase cardiovascular risk. The main factors related to hsCRP are BMI and waist circumference, so obesity prevention should be a priority when performing follow-up in children with type 1 diabetes.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Child , Control Groups , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Humans , Obesity/epidemiology
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 87(5): 253-259, nov. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168551

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Hasta la fecha hay datos contradictorios sobre la relación entre adrenarquia prematura idiopática (API) y el antecedente de pequeño para edad gestacional así como con la presencia de obesidad y otras alteraciones metabólicas. Es nuestra intención estudiar esa posible asociación en una cohorte de niñas con API de nuestro hospital. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó a niñas diagnosticadas de API en el servicio de Pediatría de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz entre enero de 2007 y mayo de 2015. Se recogieron datos sobre antecedentes familiares, antecedentes personales que incluían datos perinatales así como datos antropométricos y datos bioquímicos al diagnóstico. Resultados: Del total de 76 niñas con API, un 2,7% presentaba antecedente de pequeño para edad gestacional. Utilizando la clasificación del índice de masa corporal según criterios modificados de OMS 2007/Cole 2000, un 11,8% tenían sobrepeso y un 11,8% obesidad al diagnóstico. Según los criterios del Ministerio de Sanidad, un 6,6% presentaban sobrepeso y un 18,4% obesidad. Un 21,2% evidenciaron insulinorresistencia y un 13,95% presentaban dislipidemia. Ninguna de las pacientes cumplía criterios de hipertensión arterial. En el análisis comparativo entre niñas con API que presentaban normopeso frente a las que tenían sobrepeso y obesidad, las segundas presentaban niveles significativamente más elevados de triglicéridos e insulina y más bajos de colesterol HDL. Conclusiones: Las niñas con API estudiadas no presentan mayor porcentaje de pequeño para edad gestacional que la población general. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre las niñas con API no es superior a la de la población de su entorno (AU)


Background: There is still controversy on the relationship between idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) and a history of small for gestational age, as well as the concomitant presence of obesity and other metabolic disturbances. An attempt is made to study these potential associations in a cohort of girls with IPA from our hospital. Patients and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted that included girls with a diagnosis of IPA from the Paediatric Department of the Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain) between January 2007 and May 2015. A record was made of family and personal history with perinatal data, as well as anthropometric data and biochemical values at the time of diagnosis. Results: Out of a total of 76 girls with IPA, 2.7% had a history of small for gestational age. When body mass index was analysed according to modified criteria of WHO 2007/Cole 2000, 11.8% were overweight, and 11.8% were obese at diagnosis. Using the criteria set by the Spanish Ministry of Health, 6.6% were overweight and 18.4% obese, with 21.2% of the girls being insulin resistance, and 13.95% having dyslipidaemia. None of them had hypertension. From a comparative analysis between normal and overweight and obesity IPA girls, the latter had significantly higher levels of triglycerides and insulin, a higher HOMA index, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: IPA girls included in the study do not have a higher prevalence of small for gestational age compared to the general population. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls with IPA is not higher than the prevalence in the normal population (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adrenarche , Puberty, Precocious/complications , Metabolic Diseases/complications , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Insulin Resistance , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/epidemiology
6.
Horm Res Paediatr ; 87(2): 88-94, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27931036

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the absence of organic disease. Up to now, just gain-of-function mutations of KISS1/KISS1R and loss-of-function mutations of the maternally imprinted gene MKRN3 are the known genetic causes of ICPP. Our intention is to evaluate variants present in genes related to the pubertal onset pathway that could act as disease-causing or predisposing variants. METHODS: We studied the clinical exome of 20 patients diagnosed with ICPP using the Illumina platform. The bioinformatics analysis was performed using 2 different programs, and the variants were filtered according to a list of genes related to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pathway. RESULTS: In a "sporadic case," we found a missense variant in MKRN3 NM_005664.3: c.203G>A, causing the protein change NP_005655.1:p.Arg68His, predicted as pathogenic by 2 informatics tools. The proband carrying this variant was diagnosed with ICPP at 7.75 years of age. We did not find any pathogenic variants in KISS1, KISS1R, LIN28, GNRH, GNRHR, TACR3, and TAC3. CONCLUSION: MKRN3 is the most frequent genetic cause of familial ICPP, so it is wise to screen for MKRN3 mutations in all patients with familial ICPP and in patients with an unclear paternal pubertal history.


Subject(s)
Exome , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Puberty, Precocious/genetics , Ribonucleoproteins/genetics , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Genomic Imprinting , Humans , Male , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 87(5): 253-259, 2017 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27838354

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is still controversy on the relationship between idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) and a history of small for gestational age, as well as the concomitant presence of obesity and other metabolic disturbances. An attempt is made to study these potential associations in a cohort of girls with IPA from our hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted that included girls with a diagnosis of IPA from the Paediatric Department of the Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain) between January 2007 and May 2015. A record was made of family and personal history with perinatal data, as well as anthropometric data and biochemical values at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Out of a total of 76 girls with IPA, 2.7% had a history of small for gestational age. When body mass index was analysed according to modified criteria of WHO 2007/Cole 2000, 11.8% were overweight, and 11.8% were obese at diagnosis. Using the criteria set by the Spanish Ministry of Health, 6.6% were overweight and 18.4% obese, with 21.2% of the girls being insulin resistance, and 13.95% having dyslipidaemia. None of them had hypertension. From a comparative analysis between normal and overweight and obesity IPA girls, the latter had significantly higher levels of triglycerides and insulin, a higher HOMA index, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: IPA girls included in the study do not have a higher prevalence of small for gestational age compared to the general population. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls with IPA is not higher than the prevalence in the normal population.


Subject(s)
Adrenarche , Metabolic Diseases/complications , Puberty, Precocious/complications , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Small for Gestational Age
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