ABSTRACT
Las habilidades socioemocionales en jóvenes con diagnóstico de Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) son esenciales en su desarrollo psicológico y bienestar personal. Sin embargo, a pesar del reconocimiento general de la necesidad de dotar a estos jóvenes de recursos y estrategias que no están ni atendidas ni contempladas en el currículo académico, son escasos los trabajos que muestren la validez de programas de educación emocional en este colectivo. El objetivo del trabajo fue triple: a) la adaptación e implementación de un programa de educación emocional (denominado INTEMO), b) la evaluación de su eficacia, y c) el análisis de la satisfacción con el programa de usuarios y familiares. Se utilizó un grupo de tratamiento (n=24) y un grupo de comparación (n=24) de estudiantes con diagnóstico de TDAH, que fueron evaluados en dos momentos temporales. Los resultados evidenciaron que los participantes que recibieron el programa mejoraron de forma estadísticamente significativa en la dimensión de problemas con los compañeros y en regulación emocional, respecto al grupo de comparación. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en autoestima y empatía. Los usuarios del programa indicaron una alta satisfacción con la intervención. Los resultados obtenidos indican la necesidad de continuar con el análisis de la eficacia de este programa y se discute la necesidad de potenciar las competencias socioemocionales en esta etapa, con el fin de mejorar el bienestar personal, familiar, académico y social de la población infantojuvenil con TDAH.
Socio-emotional skills in teenagers diagnosed with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are essential for their psychological development and subjective well-being. However, despite the general recognition for the need to provide young people diagnosed with ADHD with resources and strategies, that are neither addressed nor contemplated in the academic curriculum, there is a lack of studies that shed a light on the effects of emotional intelligence programs in this group. The objective of this work was threefold: a) the adaptation and implementation of an emotional intelligence program (named INTEMO), b) the evaluation of its effectiveness, and c) the analysis of satisfaction of participants and their families with the program. An experimental group was set up (n=24) together with a comparison group (n=24) of students diagnosed with ADHD, and both were evaluated at two different points. The results obtained demonstrated that, after three months of intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores with regard to peer problems and emotional regulation, compared to the comparison group. No significant results were found on empathy and self-esteem. The participants of the program expressed high satisfaction with the intervention. The results indicate the need to continue with the analysis of the effectiveness of this program, with the aim of promoting the socio-emotional competences at this stage in order to improve well-being in personal, family, academic and social spheres among the infant-juvenile population with ADHD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Education , Emotional Intelligence , Self Concept , Longitudinal Studies , Empathy , Emotional RegulationABSTRACT
Introducción. El suicidio es un problema sociosanitario de primer orden. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la ideación suicida en una muestra representativa de adolescentes españoles. Concretamente, se examinó las tasas de prevalencia, se validó la Escala Paykel de Ideación Suicida (Paykel Suicide Scale, PSS) y se analizó el ajuste socioemocional de aquellos adolescentes con ideación suicida. Material y métodos. La muestra la formaron 1.664 participantes (M=16,12 años; DT=1,36; rango 14-19 años) seleccionados mediante muestreo estratificado por conglomerados. Los instrumentos empleados fueron la PSS, el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, el Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children y la Escala Oviedo de Infrecuencia de Respuesta. Resultados. El 4,1% de la muestra informó haber intentado quitarse la vida en el último año. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones medias de la PSS en función del género pero no en función de la edad. El modelo unidimensional de la PSS presentó excelentes índices de bondad de ajuste y se mostró invariante en función del género. La fiabilidad de las puntuaciones de la PSS, estimada con el alfa ordinal, fue de 0,93. Los participantes con ideación suicida informaron de un peor estado de salud mental y menor satisfacción con la vida respecto al grupo de comparación. Conclusiones. La ideación suicida se encuentra presente en población adolescente y se asocia a un peor bienestar emocional subjetivo y a mayores problemas emocionales y comportamentales. La PSS parece mostrar un adecuado comportamiento psicométrico para evaluar la ideación suicida en adolescentes. Estos resultados tienen claras implicaciones, tanto a nivel sanitario como educativo, de cara a mejorar la promoción del bienestar emocional y la prevención de los problemas psicológicos y psiquiátricos en este sector de la población
Introduction. Suicide is a current public health problem and among the main causes of mortality in adolescents and young adults. The main goal of this study was to analyse suicidal ideation in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. Specifically, the prevalence rates of suicide ideation, the psychometric properties of the Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS) scores, and the socio-emotional adjustment of adolescents at risk for suicide were analysed. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 1,664 participants (M=16.12 years, SD=1.36, range 14-19 years), selected by stratified sampling by clusters. The instruments used were the PSS, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children, and the Oviedo Infrequency Scale. Results. The results showed that 4.1% of the sample indicated that they had tried to commit suicide in the previous year. Statistically significant differences were found according to gender but not according to age in the PSS mean scores. The analysis of the internal structure of the PSS showed that the one-dimensional model presented excellent goodness of fit indexes. This model showed measurement invariance across gender. The reliability of the scores, estimated with ordinal alpha, was 0.93. Participants who reported suicide ideation showed poorer mental health status and lower life satisfaction compared to the non-suicide ideation group. Conclusions. Suicidal ideation is present during adolescence and is associated with poor subjective well-being and increased emotional and behavioural problems. PSS seems to show adequate psychometric behaviour to assess suicidal ideation in adolescents. These findings have clear implications, both in health and education systems, to improve the promotion of emotional well-being and prevention of psychological and psychiatric problems in this sector of the population
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Male , Female , Suicidal Ideation , Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology , Psychometrics/methods , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Psychiatry , Psychology, Adolescent , Stratified Sampling , Surveys and Questionnaires , SpainABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a current public health problem and among the main causes of mortality in adolescents and young adults. The main goal of this study was to analyse suicidal ideation in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. Specifically, the prevalence rates of suicide ideation, the psychometric properties of the Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS) scores, and the socio-emotional adjustment of adolescents at risk for suicide were analysed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,664 participants (M=16.12 years, SD=1.36, range 14-19 years), selected by stratified sampling by clusters. The instruments used were the PSS, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children, and the Oviedo Infrequency Scale. RESULTS: The results showed that 4.1% of the sample indicated that they had tried to commit suicide in the previous year. Statistically significant differences were found according to gender but not according to age in the PSS mean scores. The analysis of the internal structure of the PSS showed that the one-dimensional model presented excellent goodness of fit indexes. This model showed measurement invariance across gender. The reliability of the scores, estimated with ordinal alpha, was 0.93. Participants who reported suicide ideation showed poorer mental health status and lower life satisfaction compared to the non-suicide ideation group. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation is present during adolescence and is associated with poor subjective well-being and increased emotional and behavioural problems. PSS seems to show adequate psychometric behaviour to assess suicidal ideation in adolescents. These findings have clear implications, both in health and education systems, to improve the promotion of emotional well-being and prevention of psychological and psychiatric problems in this sector of the population.
