Oral mucosal peeling related to dentifrices and mouthwashes: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the clinical information available about oral mucosal peeling (OMP) and to explore its aetiopathogenic association with dentifrices and mouthwashes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PICOS outline. Population, subjects diagnosed clinically and/or pathologically. Intervention, exposition to oral hygiene products. Comparisons, patients using products at different concentrations. Outcomes, clinicopathological outcomes (primary) and oral epithelial desquamation (secondary) after use. Study design, any. Exclusion criteria, reports on secondary or unpublished data, in vitro studies. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. RESULTS: Fifteen reports were selected from 410 identified. Descriptive studies mainly showed low bias risk, experimental studies mostly an "unclear risk". Dentifrices or mouthwashes were linked to OMP, with an unknown origin in 5 subjects. Sodium lauryl-sulphate (SLS) was behind this disorder in 21 subjects, tartar-control dentifrices in 2, and flavouring agents in 1 case. Desquamation extension was linked to SLS concentration. Most cases were painless, leaving normal mucosa after desquamation. Tartar-control dentifrices caused ulcerations more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: OMP management should consider differential diagnosis with oral desquamative lesions, particularly desquamative gingivitis, with a guided clinical interview together with pathological confirmation while discouraging the use of the product responsible for OMP.

Cooperative learning in 'Special Needs in Dentistry' for undergraduate students using the Jigsaw approach.

INTRODUCTION: The goals of this study were to (i) describe the use of the Jigsaw approach for the resolution of clinical cases by undergraduate students in the subject 'Special Needs in Dentistry' and (ii) assess the impact of its implementation on academic performance and the students' perception. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Jigsaw approach was applied to the fifth-year in the subject 'Special Needs in Dentistry', as part of the Dentistry degree curriculum of the University of Santiago de Compostela, during the academic years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. A total of 109 dental students were enrolled in the study, and the final marks of the Jigsaw (n = 55) and the non-Jigsaw groups (n = 54) were compared. Students' perceptions on the Jigsaw technique were assessed using a 13-question questionnaire. RESULTS: Academic performance based on the final examination mark for the Jigsaw and non-Jigsaw groups was 6.45 ± 1.49 and 6.13 ± 1.50, respectively. There were not students in the Jigsaw group who failed to attend the mandatory examination (0% vs. 12.96% in the non-Jigsaw group, P = 0.006). The questionnaire's internal consistency was 0.90. The mean value for all the questionnaire items was 3.80, with the highest response score of 4.35 for the statement 'I have seen the complexity that the resolution of a clinical case can involve'. CONCLUSION: Based on the students' perceptions, the Jigsaw approach could contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of solving clinical cases in the subject 'Special Needs in Dentistry'. However, further investigations should be conducted to analyse the influence of this technique on students' academic performance in the field of clinical dentistry.

Regulated deficit irrigation and the recovery of water relations in pistachio trees.

Recovery of water status in water-stressed pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kerman) was investigated by subjecting trees to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) (60% of crop evapotranspiration rate, ET(c)) during stages I and II of fruit development (FD) followed by full irrigation during FD stage III (kernel-filling). Trees irrigated at 100% ET(c) throughout FD stages I, II and III served as controls. Water-stress severity was characterized by changes in soil water content and midday stem water potential (Psi(md)). Midday leaf conductance (g(1)) and trunk diameter variation (TDV) were also measured. In RDI trees, the lowest Psi(md) value, -1.8 MPa, occurred at the end of the RDI period. The corresponding value for the control trees was around -1.1 MPa. Although the RDI treatment affected gas exchange later than Psi(md), the greatest reductions in gas exchange (60% of control values) also appeared at the end of the RDI period. There were significant differences in TDV between control and RDI trees at the end of the RDI period. Although plant water status recovered within 20 days of resuming irrigation, the TDV values indicated a longer period might be necessary for complete recovery. Recovery of g(1) was faster than that of Psi(md), although differences in TDV between control and RDI trees indicated that gas exchange recovered later than Psi(md). The slow recovery of pistachio trees during FD stage III from water stress imposed during FD stages I and II suggests that irrigation should exceed 100% ET(c) during FD stage III or that more extensive irrigation should commence before the end of FD stage II.