ABSTRACT
Ionic channels play key roles in the sensory cells, such as transducing specific stimuli into electrical signals. The acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) family is voltage-insensitive, amiloride-sensitive, proton-gated cation channels involved in several sensory functions. ASIC2, in particular, has a dual function as mechano- and chemo-sensor. In this study, we explored the possible role of zebrafish ASIC2 in olfaction. RT-PCR, Western blot, chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, as well as ultrastructural analysis, were performed on the olfactory rosette of adult zebrafish. ASIC2 mRNA and protein were detected in homogenates of olfactory rosettes. Specific ASIC2 hybridization was observed in the luminal pole of the non-sensory epithelium, especially in the cilia basal bodies, and immunoreactivity for ASIC2 was restricted to the cilia of the non-sensory cells where it was co-localized with the cilia marker tubulin. ASIC2 expression was always absent in the olfactory cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time the expression of ASIC2 in the olfactory epithelium of adult zebrafish and suggest that it is not involved in olfaction. Since the cilium sense and transduce mechanical and chemical stimuli, ASIC2 expression in this location might be related to detection of aquatic environment pH variations or to detection of water movement through the nasal cavity.
Subject(s)
Acid Sensing Ion Channels/metabolism , Cilia/metabolism , Epithelium/metabolism , Olfactory Mucosa/cytology , Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism , Acid Sensing Ion Channels/genetics , Animals , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , ZebrafishABSTRACT
This work describes modifications of clinical methodology for the use of composite resins (changes in the isolation of the operating field, in the preparation of the cavities to be occluded and in the way the resin is applied), and relates them to studies of the fine structure of dental enamel and of the adverse side-effects of resins.
