Fistulotomy and sphincter reconstruction in the treatment of complex fistula-in-ano: long-term clinical and manometric results.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and manometric results of fistulotomy and sphincter reconstruction for the treatment of complex fistula-in-ano. BACKGROUND: Complex fistula-in-ano is difficult to treat due to the occurrence of postoperative anal incontinence and the high rate of recurrence. METHODS: Seventy patients who were diagnosed with complex fistula-in-ano and underwent fistulotomy and sphincter reconstruction between October 2000 and October 2006 were analyzed in the present study. Preoperative assessment included physical examination, anorectal manometry, and anal endosonography. Appointments were scheduled every 6 months during the first and second year of treatment and every 2 years thereafter. Recurrence and incontinence were evaluated during each visit. Continence was assessed according to the Wexner continence grading scale. Anal manometry was performed 3 and 12 months after treatment and every 2 years thereafter. Anal endosonography was conducted 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: Fistulas were classified as medium-high trans-sphincteric in 64 patients (91.42%) and were recurrent in 22 patients (32%). Before surgery, 22 patients (32%) reported fecal incontinence, which improved after surgery in 15 cases (70%), from 6.75 to 1.88 (P < 0.005) on the Wexner Scale. Eight preoperative continent patients (16.6%) reported postoperative incontinence (Wexner Score < 3), and 6 patients (8.5%) had recurrent incontinence. Among these patients, 2 developed recurrent incontinence 6 months after treatment, 2 developed recurrent incontinence 1 year after treatment, 1 developed recurrent incontinence 2 years after treatment, and 1 developed incontinence 5 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Fistulotomy with sphincter reconstruction is an effective technique for the treatment of complex fistula-in-ano. Continence and anal manometry results were improved in incontinent patients and were not jeopardized in continent ones. Fistulotomy with sphincter reconstruction is an especially suitable technique for incontinent patients with recurrent fistulas.

Leiomiosarcoma anal asociado a síndrome de Lynch / Anal leiomiosarcoma associated to Lynch syndrome

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Evaluation of the stapled transanal rectal resection technique with two staplers in the treatment of obstructive defecation syndrome.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) and to compare the results of two staplers. STUDY DESIGN: From February 2001 to June 2005, 37 patients diagnosed with obstructive defecation syndrome were treated with the STARR technique. We analyzed variables related to the patient, diagnosis based on anorectal exploration, surgical technique used, and clinical and radiologic results. We compared these results in patients with procedure prolapsed hemorrhoids (PPH)33-01 (group 1, n = 17) or PPH33-03 (group 2, n = 20). The patients were followed postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6 months, and annually. RESULTS: Intraoperative hemorrhage at the stapled suture occurred in 13 patients from group 1 and in 6 patients from group 2 (p = 0.03). The degree of postoperative pain was not different between the two groups. During the followup period, radiologic and clinical correction of the rectocele and intussusception was found in 94.6% of the patients, with a recurrence in 1 patient from each group. One patient from group 1 developed stenosis of the anastomosis, which improved with digital dilatations. Six patients from group 1 and none from group 2 (p < 0.05) had granulomas on the staple line at the sites of the reabsorbable reinforcing stitches, which were related to postoperative bleeding and anal discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: STARR is an effective alternative for treatment of obstructive defecation syndrome, with a low morbidity and a shorter hospital stay. The use of PPH33-03 instead of PPH33-01 decreases the risk of hemorrhagic complications and enables more secure implantation as an outpatient procedure.

Traumatismo abdominal asociado a hernia inguinal y braguero ortopédico / Abdominal injury associated with inguinal hernia and orthopedic truss

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Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing two different circular staplers for mucosectomy in the treatment of hemorrhoids.

BACKGROUND: The main objections against circular stapled mucosectomy have been anal pain and rectal bleeding during the surgical procedure or in the immediate postoperative follow-up. To avoid these consequences, a new stapler (PPH33-03) has been developed. The aim of this trial was to compare the intraoperative and short-term postoperative morbidity of stapled mucosectomy with PPH33-01 versus PPH33-03 in the treatment of hemorrhoids. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing hemorrhoidectomy with PPH33-01 (group 1, n=30) versus PPH33-03 (group 2, n=30) for grade III-IV symptomatic hemorrhoids. For the follow-up, the patients underwent examination and proctoscopy at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. We recorded anal pain (linear analog scale from 0 to 10), intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative bleeding, and continence (Wexner Continence Grading Scale). RESULTS: Demographic and clinical features showed no differences between the two groups. More patients required suture ligation to stop anastomotic bleeding at surgery when the PPH33-01 stapler was used (15 versus 4, P<0.05). Rectal bleeding during the first postoperative 4 weeks was similar (P>0.05). The postoperative pain scores during the first week were similar (P>0.05). Patients with pain on defecation were fewer in the PPH-03 group (15 versus 2, P<0.05). Six patients from group 1 and none from group 2 (P<0.05) had granulomas along the line of staples at the sites of the reinforcing stitches; the granulomas were associated with postoperative anal discomfort and rectal bleeding. One patient in group 1 complained of persistent pain that resolved within 3 months. Of all the intraoperative or preoperative variables analyzed, only the presence of granuloma was associated with postoperative bleeding and anal discomfort. We have not found any recurrence or incontinence during the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative bleeding along the stapled line and tenesmus or discomfort during defecation were less frequent after circular stapled mucosectomy with PPH33-03. Therefore, circular stapled mucosectomy with PPH33-03 decreases the risk of immediate complications and thus allows implantation with more safety as a day surgery procedure.

Giant splenic metastasis due to lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in western countries and most of the patients present at advanced stages, but single splenic metastasis is exceptional instead. We report on a case of a seventy- three-year old male presenting with non-hemoptoic productive cough, constitutional syndrome and pain in the left lower quadrant. Physical examination and complementary radiological and histological procedures revealed the presence of an adenocarcinoma of the left lung with probable splenic metastasis. The patient underwent splenectomy, which confirmed the diagnose of splenic metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and, secondly, lung resection was performed. Topics about lung cancer metastasis are discussed.

Giant splenic metastasis due to lung adenocarcinoma

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Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignancy inwestern countries and most of the patients presentat advanced stages, but single splenic metastasis isexceptional instead. We report on a case of a seventy-three-year old male presenting with non-hemoptoicproductive cough, constitutional syndrome andpain in the left lower quadrant. Physical examinationand complementary radiological and hystologycalprocedures revealed the presence of an adenocarcinomaof the left lung with probable splenicmetastasis. The patient underwent splenectomy,which confirmed the diagnose of splenic metastasisof lung adenocarcinoma and, secondly, lung resectionwas performed. Topics about lung cancermetastasis are discussed

Prospective randomised clinical trial of single versus double purse-string stapled mucosectomy in the treatment of prolapsed haemorrhoids.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the excellent results published on circular stapled mucosectomy (CSM), there is still some concern about the application of PPH-33 in the advanced haemorrhoidal disease, where a major prolapse may lead to insufficient resection and ensuing early recurrence. This study is aimed at comparing the outcomes after single purse-string CSM versus double purse-string CSM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective randomised clinical trial of single versus double purse-string CSM for grade III-IV symptomatic haemorrhoids was used. One hundred consecutive patients were randomised to single (group 1, N=50) versus double purse-string CSM (group 2, N=50). RESULTS: The mean age was 50.7 years, with a predominance of males (63 vs. 37). Haemorrhoids were classified as grade III in 59% and grade IV in 41% of the patients. Mean follow-up was 26 months. Demographic and clinical features showed no differences between the two groups. The size of the resected doughnut was greater in group 2 (4.95 vs. 3.55 cm; p<0.05), as was the distance of the suture from the dentate line (3.56 vs. 3.16 cm; p<0.05). Early postoperative pain was significantly less in group 2 (linear analogue scale from 0 to 10), 2.08 vs. 3.56 (p<0.001). Postoperative haemorrhage was absent or minimal in 79% of patients. Three patients from group 1 reported persistent pain that was resolved within the first few postoperative months. There were two recurrences in group 1. CONCLUSION: Double purse-string CSM resects a greater doughnut, increases the distance of the staple suture from the dentate line and reduces early postoperative pain in comparison to single purse-string CSM. Larger series are necessary to assert whether recurrence is lower.

Tratameinto de la fisura anal crónica. Respuesta de los autores / No disponible

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Tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica / Treatment of chronic anal fissure

La fisura anal crónica es una afección con una alta incidencia en nuestro medio que causa una grave incapacidad sociolaboral en el paciente, lo que nos obliga a buscar una solución rápida y eficaz. Por ello, hemos revisado los diferentes tratamientos descritos en la bibliografía con el objetivo de establecer un protocolo terapéutico adecuado ante el paciente con fisura anal crónica que acude a la consulta. Recomendamos la esfinterotomía quirúrgica (preferiblemente esfinterotomía lateral interna realizada indistintamente con una técnica abierta o cerrada) como primera opción terapéutica en la fisura anal crónica. Sin embargo, en pacientes > 50 años con incontinencia previa, factores de riesgo de incontinencia (cirugía anal previa, múltiples partos vaginales, diabetes, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, etc.) o fisura anal sin hipertonía asociada, la esfinterotomía química (preferiblemente con toxina botulínica) se convierte en la técnica de elección ya que, a pesar de la alta tasa de recidiva en los tratamientos médicos, evita el elevado porcentaje de incontinencia residual descrito en la bibliografía con la esfinterotomía quirúrgica en este grupo de pacientes (AU)

Chronic anal fissure is a common benign anorectal problem in Western countries that substantially impairs the patient's life. Consequently, a rapid and effective solution is required. We reviewed the various treatments for chronic anal fissure described in the literature, with the aim of establishing a therapeutic protocol. We recommend surgical sphincterotomy (preferably open or closed lateral sphincterotomy) as the first therapeutic approach in patients with chronic anal fissure. However, we prefer the use of chemical sphincterotomy (preferably botulinum toxin) in patients aged more than 50 years old and in those with previous incontinence, risk factors for incontinence (previous anal surgery, multiple vaginal births, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.), or without anal hypertonia, despite the higher recurrence rate with medical treatments, since this procedure avoids the greater risk of residual incontinence described in the literature with surgical sphincterotomy in this group of patients (AU)

Aneurisma de arteria mesentérica superior / Aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery

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Surgical (close lateral internal sphincterotomy) versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy as treatment of chronic anal fissure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective randomized trial was to compare the effectiveness and morbidity of surgical vs chemical sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure after a 3-year follow-up period. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Eighty patients with chronic anal fissure were treated either with close lateral internal sphincterotomy (group 1) or with chemical sphincterotomy with 25 U botulinum toxin injected into the internal sphincter (group 2). RESULTS: Overall healing was 90% in the close sphincterotomy group and 45% in the toxin botulinum group (p < 0.001). There was a group of patients with clinical factors (duration of disease over 12 months and presence of a sentinel pile before treatment) associated with a higher recurrence of anal fissure. Final percentage of incontinence was 5% in the close sphincterotomy group and 0% in the botulinum toxin group (p > 0.05). All incontinent patients were aged more than 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend surgical sphincterotomy as the first therapeutic approach in patients with clinical factors of recurrence. However, we recommend the use of botulinum toxin in patients older than 50 years or with associated risk factors of incontinence, despite the higher rate of recurrence, since it avoids the greater risk of incontinence seen with surgery.

Surgical (close lateral internal sphincterotomy) versus chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy as treatment of chronic anal fissure

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Comparar en un estudioprospectivo y aleatorizado la efectividad y morbilidaddel tratamiento con esfinterotomía quirúrgicay toxina botulínica en la fisura anal crónica.PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se trató a 80 pacientes confisura anal crónica mediante esfinterotomía lateralinterna cerrada (grupo 1) o esfinterotomíaquímica con la inyección en el esfínter internode 25 U de toxina botulínica (grupo 2).RESULTADOS: La tasa de curación global a los 3años fue del 90% en la esfinterotomía cerrada ydel 45% con la toxina botulínica (p 0.05). Todos los pacientes incontinentestuvieron una edad superior a 50 años.CONCLUSIONES: Recomendamos la esfinterotomíaquirúrgica como la técnica de elección enpacientes con factores de recurrencia. Preferimosla utilización de toxina botulínica en pacientesmayores de 50 años o con factores deriesgo de incontinencia, ya que, a pesar delmayor riesgo de recurrencia, evita el mayorriesgo de incontinencia descrito en la esfinterotomíaquirúrgica

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospectiverandomized trial was to compare theeffectiveness and morbidity of surgical vs chemicalsphincterotomy in the treatment of chronicanal fissure after a 3-year follow-up period.PATIENTS AND METHOD: Eighty patients with chronicanal fissure were treated either with close lateralinternal sphincterotomy (group 1) or with chemicalsphincterotomy with 25 U botulinum toxininjected into the internal sphincter (group 2).RESULTS: Overall healing was 90% in the closesphincterotomy group and 45% in the toxinbotulinum group (p 0.05). All incontinentpatients were aged more than 50 years.CONCLUSIONS: We recommend surgical sphincterotomyas the first therapeutic approach in patientswith clinical factors of recurrence. However,we recommend the use of botulinum toxinin patients older than 50 years or with associatedrisk factors of incontinence, despite thehigher rate of recurrence, since it avoids thegreater risk of incontinence seen with surgery

[Treatment of chronic anal fissure]. / Tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica.

Chronic anal fissure is a common benign anorectal problem in Western countries that substantially impairs the patient's life. Consequently, a rapid and effective solution is required. We reviewed the various treatments for chronic anal fissure described in the literature, with the aim of establishing a therapeutic protocol. We recommend surgical sphincterotomy (preferably open or closed lateral sphincterotomy) as the first therapeutic approach in patients with chronic anal fissure. However, we prefer the use of chemical sphincterotomy (preferably botulinum toxin) in patients aged more than 50 years old and in those with previous incontinence, risk factors for incontinence (previous anal surgery, multiple vaginal births, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.), or without anal hypertonia, despite the higher recurrence rate with medical treatments, since this procedure avoids the greater risk of residual incontinence described in the literature with surgical sphincterotomy in this group of patients.

Importancia de la curva de aprendizaje de la anopexia con PPH-33 para el tratamiento quirúrgico de las hemorroides / Effect and importance of the learning curve on the results of stapled mucosectomy with PPH-33 for the treatment of hemorrhoids

Introducción. Los resultados publicados de la mucosectomía circular mecánica con PPH-33 (MCM) para el tratamiento de las hemorroides de grados IIIIV ofrecen ventajas en términos de postoperatorio inmediato e incorporación a la actividad normal frente a las técnicas clásicas, siendo similares a largo plazo. Los malos resultados iniciales y su implante sin el debido aprendizaje han causado el abandono de la MCM en muchos centros. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en describir la importancia de la curva de aprendizaje a través de su influencia en los resultados.Pacientes y método. Estudio retrospectivo de los primeros 100 pacientes intervenidos de hemorroides de grados III-IV mediante MCM por los mismos cirujanos (octubre 1999-mayo 2002). La muestra se dividió en 2 grupos, correspondientes a 2 períodos cronológicos, de 50 pacientes cada uno.Resultados. La edad media fue de 48,7 años, con un predominio de varones (62 varones frente a 38 mujeres); 56 pacientes tenían hemorroides de grado III y 44 de grado IV. El seguimiento medio fue de 21,4 meses (mínimo, 12 meses). No hubo diferencias en las variables clínicas y poblacionales entre grupos, que fueron homogéneos y comparables. Tras la cirugía se observaron diferencias significativas en la distancia de la anastomosis a la línea pectínea (3,04 frente a 3,37 cm; p < 0,05) y el dolor postoperatorio (escala analógica 0-10) (1,36 frente a 3,96; p < 0,001).El sangrado postoperatorio fue nulo o leve en el 83 por ciento de los casos, sin diferencias entre grupos.Tres casos del grupo 1 presentaron dolor persistente con resolución en los primeros 6 meses. Recidivaron 2 casos del primer grupo. De todos los factores, sólo la altura de la anastomosis se relacionó con el dolor postoperatorio y el grado de hemorragia (p < 0,05).Conclusiones. Hay una curva de aprendizaje donde los resultados y complicaciones pueden no ser los esperados, tras la cual mejoran, sobre todo en términos de dolor postoperatorio, lo que hace necesaria una adecuada puesta en marcha de la técnica y la evaluación de los resultados (AU)

¿Disminuye la tasa de incontinencia tras la esfinterotomía lateral interna para el tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica la realización de la misma con anestesia local? / Is the rate of incontinence reduced after the use of local anesthetic in internal lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure?

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Mucosectomía circular mecánica en la unidad de cirugía sin ingreso: ¿alternativa válida o técnica de elección? / Circular staples mucosectomy in the outpatient surgery unit. A valid alternative or the technique of choice?

Introducción. Las técnicas clásicas de escisión de las hemorroides se caracterizan fundamentalmente por la aparición de dolor. La mucosectomía circular mecánica es una técnica para el tratamiento de esta patología que ha sido introducida como más sencilla y con menos complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en evaluar los resultados y la aplicabilidad de esta técnica en un programa de cirugía sin ingreso. Pacientes y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo en el período comprendido entre julio de 1999 y julio de 2000. Se incluyó en él a pacientes con hemorroides sintomáticas grados III y IV y que fueron intervenidos según un régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. La técnica quirúrgica consistió en mucosectomía circular mecánica. Fueron revisados postoperatoriamente al mes, a los tres meses y al año. Resultados. Se incluyó a 58 pacientes, 22 mujeres (37,9 por ciento) y 36 varones (62 por ciento), con una media de edad de 51,9 años (rango, 17-80). Treinta pacientes fueron diagnosticados de hemorroides grado III (51,7 por ciento) y 28 (48,2 por ciento), de hemorroides grado IV. El síntoma de presentación más habitual fue la rectorragia (74,4 por ciento). Las complicaciones registradas fueron 6 hemorragias intraoperatorias (10,3 por ciento), un fallo de grapadora (1,7 por ciento) y dos roturas de bolsa de tabaco. En 8 pacientes (13,8 por ciento) se asoció una técnica de Fergusson para completar el tratamiento. Diez pacientes tuvieron dolor intenso, que fue nulo o leve en 35 pacientes (60,34 por ciento). El 79,3 por ciento de los pacientes manifestó no haber sufrido malestar al defecar en el postoperatorio. Se registró equimosis leve en el 27,5 por ciento de los casos. Un paciente desarrolló una hemorragia que requirió revisión en el quirófano. Se objetivaron 8 casos de incontinencia leve (un caso de soiling, dos A2B2 y 5 A1B1), reversible en todos los casos. Conclusiones. La mucosectomía circular mecánica nos parece una técnica apropiada para el tratamiento de las hemorroides sintomáticas grados III/IV. Permite su realización en régimen ambulatorio por la menor tasa de complicaciones y la menor necesidad de analgesia en el postoperatorio, junto con una incorporación laboral temprana, aportando una mayor satisfacción para el paciente (AU)