[Knowledge transfer in the instruction of healthcare informatics: quality, efficiency and measurability]. / Tudástranszfer az egészségügyi informatika oktatásában: minoség, hatékonyság, mérhetoség.

INTRODUCTION: Electronic exams have been used at Semmelweis University within Health Care Informatics courses since 2006. The statistical analysis of the electronic exam sheets enabled the authors to assess the reliability of examinations, as well as recommend important measures to increase the quality and efficiency of knowledge transfer. AIM: The main objective of the study was to propose an optimal teaching methodology with a special focus on electronic exams, based on the statistical analysis of databases of electronic exams recorded at Health Care Informatics courses of Semmelweis University. METHOD: All data were analysed with statistical methods at the level of individual questions as well as exam results of each student (2801 medical students have undertaken 4933 electronic exams since 2006). Results were evaluated based on teaching methodology criteria. RESULTS: There was a significantly increased tendency in grades obtained at individual exams. The authors identified exam questions that are needed to be modified or even ignored, because they failed to correlate with the knowledge measurement of the students. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical analysis of exam results proved to be a useful tool to assess methodology of teaching, knowledge transfer, and their practical implications. It is essential to monitor continuously exam results, this may exert a significant impact on the improvement of the quality and efficiency of knowledge transfer processes.

[The development of European Union common research and development policy and programs with special regard to life sciences]. / Az Európai Unió közös kutatási-fejlesztési politikájának és programjainak fejlodése, különös tekintettel az élettudományok területére.

Research and development (R&D) has been playing a leading role in the European Community's history since the very beginning of European integration. Its importance has grown in recent years, after the launch of the Lisbon strategy. Framework programs have always played a considerable part in community research. The aim of their introduction was to fine tune national R&D activities, and to successfully divide research tasks between the Community and the member states. The Community, from the very outset, has acknowledged the importance of life sciences. It is no coincidence that life sciences have become the second biggest priority in the last two framework programs. This study provides a historical, and at the same time analytical and evaluative review of community R&D policy and activity from the starting point of its development until the present day. It examines in detail how the changes in structure, conditional system, regulations and priorities of the framework programs have followed the formation of social and economic needs. The paper puts special emphasis on the analysis of the development of life science research, presenting how they have met the challenges of the age, and how they have been built into the framework programs. Another research area of the present study is to elaborate how successfully Hungarian researchers have been joining the community research, especially the framework programs in the field of life sciences. To answer these questions, it was essential to survey, process and analyze the data available in the national and European public and closed databases. Contrary to the previous documents, this analysis doesn't concentrate on the political and scientific background. It outlines which role community research has played in sustainable social and economic development and competitiveness, how it has supported common policies and how the processes of integration have been deepening. Besides, the present paper offers a complete review of the given field, from its foundation up until the present day, by elaborating the newest initiatives and ideas for the future. This work is also novel from the point of view of the given professional field, the life sciences in the framework programs, and processing and evaluating of data of Hungarian participation in the 5th and 6th framework programs in the field of life sciences.

[Analysis of the Hungarian participation in the 6th European Union Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration in the thematic priority area of the life sciences]. / Az Európai Unió 6. Kutatási, Technológiafejlesztési és Demonstrációs Keretprogramjának élettudományokkal foglalkozó tematikus prioritási területén részt vevô magyar kutatószervezetek pályázási aktivitásának, eredményességének elemzése.

The European Union launched the 6th Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration in 2002. Initially, Hungary participated in the 6th Framework Programme as an associate member, but since 2004 it has taken part as a Member State. Besides mobilizing their own resources, research organizations entering winning bids to framework programme tenders enjoy considerable financial support from the European Union, while participating states also contribute to the costs of the cooperation from their national budgets. Therefore, it is very important to recognize and evaluate the achievements of domestic participation. By collecting, processing and analyzing available data, the authors evaluate the bid activity and the successfulness of Hungarian research organizations in the thematic priority area covering life sciences of the 6th Framework Programme. When judging success, the authors not only consider the level of Community financial contribution, but also the participation of Hungarian researchers in international research networks. The article contains an analysis of the submitted and supported works from various aspects such as by year, calls for bids, research fields etc. for projects in the implementation of which Hungarian partners were also involved. The authors present the cost settlement methodologies applied, and traditional and new project types. They analyse the activity of coordinators and outline European expectations with regard to the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises and women. One of the important objectives of the analysis is to draw conclusions so that participants will be able to adapt them during the 7th Framework Programme, 2007-2013.