Lesions caused by anisakid and capillariid in Cairina moschata raised on Marajó island, state of Pará, Brazil / [Lesões por anisakideos e capillariideos em Cairina moschata criados na Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil]

The Muscovy duck is a commercially important bird on the island of Marajó usually raised in a peculiar system that includes supplying fish viscera to the birds under semi-extensive farming conditions. This enables a risk of contamination and losses in the production of these birds, resulting from injuries caused by helminth infections, especially nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes caused by nematodes of the genera: Eucoleus, Anisakis and Contracaecum. Thirty-three ducks with lesions in the esophagus and ventricle were analyzed. Histopathological exams showed a mild inflammatory infiltrate in the submucosa of the esophagus caused by the fixation of E. contortus and third stage larvae of Anisakis sp., and we recorded third stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. parasitizing the ventricle, this being the first record of this parasite in ducks in Brazil.(AU)

O pato doméstico é uma ave amplamente comercializada na Ilha de Marajó, com um peculiar manejo que inclui a oferta de vísceras de peixes aos animais em criações semiextensivas, propiciando, assim, risco de contaminação e perdas na produção dessas aves decorrentes de lesões oriundas de infecções por helmintos, especialmente os nematódeos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar as alterações histopatológicas causadas por nematódeos dos gêneros: Eucoleus, Anisakis e Contracaecum. Foram analisados 33 patos, e três exemplares apresentaram lesões no esôfago e no ventrículo. Exames histopatológicos demonstraram discreto infiltrado inflamatório na submucosa do esôfago ocasionado pela fixação de E. contortus e larvas de terceiro estágio de Anisakis sp., bem como foram registradas larvas de terceiro estágio de Contracaecum sp. parasitando o ventrículo, sendo esse o primeiro registro desse parasito em patos no Brasil.(AU)

Morphological and Morphometric Description of Female Reproductive Tract of Sapajus apella (Capuchin monkey).

Forest destruction has progressively hampered the survival of many species, and this is why it is so important to study of the lives of primates in captivity. This study aimed to describe the morphological aspects of the female reproductive tract of Sapajus apella. We used five animals obtained from the National Primate Center, Ananindeua - PA. The ovaries were paired, compact and symmetrical and had a smooth surface. The uterine tubes were bilateral and convoluted in adult animals and straight in young individuals. The uterus was simple and located in the pelvic region. The vagina was a long structure due to the position of the uterus. The external genitalia were located in the urogenital perineum and consisted of dark pigmented labia majora and labia minora, a vaginal vestibule as long as the vagina and a well-developed clitoris. The results showed that the genitals of S. apella resemble those of other Neotropical primates.

Ação antiproliferativado flavonoide morina e do extrato da folha de oliveira (Oleaeuropaea L. ) contra a linhagem de célula H460 / The antiproliferative action of morin flavonoid and olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L. ) against the cell line H460

RESUMO O presente estudo investigou a indução de morte celular por apoptose pelo flavonóide morina e pelo extrato da folha de oliveira (Oleaeuropaea L.) em linhagens de células de câncer de pulmão do tipo não pequenas (H460). O tratamento com morina e o extrato de oliveira em células H460 resultou na redução do crescimento tumoral e indução de morte celular avaliados pelos ensaios de MTT e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e a morte celular por apoptose confirmada por microscopia de fluorescência e análise por citometria de fluxo. Os dados indicaram que o flavonóide morina e o extrato de oliveira diminuíram a viabilidade celular para taxas percentuais de 7,22± 1,54% e 62,37± 2,85% nas concentrações de 800µM e µg/mL, respectivamente. As maiores taxas percentuais de morte celular por apoptose foram100% para morina na concentração de 800µM e 70,49 ± 5,91% para o extrato de oliveira na concentração de 800 µg/mL. Estes resultados foram associados com a alteração do potencial de membrana mitocondrial, cujos valores são de 54,91% para morina na concentração de 400µM e 42,2% para o extrato de oliveira na concentração de 800 µg/mL sugerindo envolvimento da via intrínseca da morte celular por apoptose. Portanto, morina e o extrato de oliveira afetaram a viabilidade celular da linhagem H460 induzindo morte celular por apoptose.

ABSTRACT This study investigates possible apoptosis induction mechanism by the flavonoid morin and the olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) in non-small lung cancer cells (H460). The treatment with morin and olive leaves extract resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in H460 cells lines measured by the MTT assay methods and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry analysis. The data indicated that themurin and the extract of olive decreased the cell viability percentage rates of 7.22 ± 1,54% and 62.37 ± 2,85% in the concentrations of 800 µM and µg/mL, respectively. The highest percentage rates of cell death by apoptosis were 100% for themorin in a concentration of 800 µM and 70.49 ± 5.91% for the olive extract in a concentration of 800 µg/mL. These findings were associated with altered mitochondrial membrane potential, whose value is 54.91% for the murin concentration of 400 µM and 42.2% for the olive extract in a concentration of 800 mg / mL, suggesting involvement of the intrinsic pathway of cell death by apoptosis. Therefore, the morin and the olive extract affect the cell viability of H460 cell lines inducing cell death by apoptosis.

Tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-ß) NcoI polymorphism is associated with multiple sclerosis in Caucasian patients from Southern Brazil independently from HLA-DRB1.

This study evaluated the association of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-ß) NcoI polymorphism with the presence of multiple sclerosis (MS), disability, and HLA-DRB1 alleles in 208 Brazilian MS patients. As controls, 147 healthy individuals were included. The disability was evaluated at baseline and 5-year follow-up using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The TNF-ß genotypes were determined using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism and serum TNF-α level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the MS patients, 166 (79.8 %) were white, 39 (18.7 %) were brown, and three (1.4 %) were Asian descents (those were excluded from the further analysis). Among the 205 MS patients, 149 (72.6 %) presented remitting-relapsing MS. The baseline and 5-year follow-up EDSS ranged from 0.0 to 3.0 and from 1.0 to 5.7, respectively. The TNFB2/B2 genotype was associated with the presence of MS among the white patients (p = 0.0443). Brown patients presented higher disability (p = 0.0234) and higher TNF-α levels (p = 0.0463) than white patients. White and brown patients carrying TNFB2/B2 genotype exhibited higher TNF-α levels (p = 0.0354 and p = 0.0309, respectively) than those with other geotypes. Association between TNF-ß NcoI genotypes and HLA-DRB1 alleles was not observed among the MS patients (p > 0.05). Taken together, TNFB2 allele was associated with the presence of MS independently of HLA-DRB1 in white patients and the TNFB2/B2 genotype was associated with increased TNF-α levels in white and brown patients, which could be an important genetic factor candidate for the susceptibility and pathogenesis of MS.

Gastric lesions in free-ranging black caimans (Melanosuchus niger) associated with Brevimulticaecum species.

The stomachs of 100 free-ranging black caimans (Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825) from the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas state, Brazil, were examined for parasitism and pathologic lesions. All animals were harvested for human consumption. Ascaridoid nematodes were found in 67 caimans and were identified as Brevimulticaecum sp. These parasites were associated with focally extensive, chronic gastric ulcers and formation of localized intramural granulomas containing nematodes. All caiman were in good nutritional condition, which suggests that effects of gastric nematodiasis on the crocodilian hosts were minimal at the time of slaughter.

Tissue-specific adaptive levels of glucocorticoid receptor alpha mRNA and their relationship with insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance is an underlying cause of metabolic changes associated with cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids are known determinant factors of insulin resistance. We quantified glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) mRNA and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) mRNA in various tissues of 35 patients with previously established cardiovascular disease. This was a prospective study in a cardiac surgery patient setting. Samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardial fat, muscle, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined. GRα and 11ß-HSD1 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. Mean age was 54.4 years. A significantly higher level of GRα mRNA was observed in muscle, with mean = 43.6 arbitrary units, median (p25-p75) = 39.4, compared to epicardial adipose tissue, with mean = 34.2, median (p25-p75) = 27.6, and to subcutaneous adipose tissue, with mean = 29.0, median (p25-p75) = 19.0, and lymphocytes, with mean = 17.5, median (p25-p75) = 14.02. When patients with diabetes mellitus were compared to patients without insulin resistance, significantly lower levels of GRα mRNA were observed in epicardial fat. Lymphocytes had the lowest 11ß-HSD1 mRNA concentration. We also observed significantly reduced 11ß-HSD1 mRNA levels in visceral fat when compared with muscle tissue. GRα and 11ß-HSD1 mRNA levels differed among tissues involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that epicardial adipose tissue has lower GRαmRNA levels in insulin-resistant patients; this seems to be an adaptive and protective mechanism.

Fatal infections in a captive Pithecia irrorata (primate) by Porocephalus sp. (Pentastomida).

This work presents a case of sudden death of a non-human adult male primate, which belongs to the National Primate Center (CENP - Ananindeua - Pará - Brazil). The specimen was necropsied, and the anatomicopathologic exam showed a great collection of clotted blood in the right thoracic cavity, forming a mold. The aorta revealed an extensive lesion in its intima with a disruption area in its tissue. In the lungs, three encapsulated parasites were observed in subpleural location, specifically in the diaphragmatic, right apical and accessory lobes, measuring 05 mm diameter, which revealed a C-form by transparency analysis, characteristic of the nymphal stage of Pentastomida. Two cysts were dissected and the parasites demonstrated structural and morphometric patterns compatible with the nymph of Porocephalus. Histologically, encapsulated parasites were observed in the lungs, with inflammatory reaction in the underlying parenchyma, presence of exudate composed of fibrin, macrophages, detaching the eosinophils and presenting no granulomatous reaction. The aortic adventitial tissue presented development of granulation tissue, deposit of fibroid material in its margins, prevalence of eosinophils and free blood. The macroscopic and microscopic alterations in the aorta, as well as the presence of nymphs of Pentastomida in the lungs are data that base the hypothesis that the aortic lesion was responsible for the fatal picture of internal hemorrhage, and this picture was due to the migratory process of Pentastomida.

Feocromocitoma em bovinos de abate: relatos de casos / Pheochromocytoma in slaughtered bovine: cases reports

Relatou-se a ocorrência de dois casos de tumor de medular da adrenal em bovino. O caso 1 foi representado por uma neoplasia de 6,0×4,5cm de tamanho e cor amarelo-acastanhada. O caso 2 constituiu-se de neoplasia maligna, com a lesão primária medindo 33,0×18,0cm e peso de 6,5kg. Metástases estavam presentes nos pulmões e nos linfonodos tráqueobronquiais, mediastínicos e esofagianos. A análise histológica das neoplasias permitiu o diagnóstico de feocromocitoma.

Two cases of adrenal medular tumor in bovine are described. In case 1, yellow-brownish neoplasia of 6.0×4.5cm size was observed. Case 2, was constituted of a malignant neoplasia with the primary lesion measuring 33.0×18.0cm and weighing 6.5kg. Metastases were found in the lungs and in the tracheobronchial, mediastinic and oesophageal lymph nodes. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

Efeito regulatório de flavonóides e de carmim nos níveis de lipídeos em ratos Wistar / Regulatory effect of flavonoids and carmim colorant dye on the lipid levels in Wistar rats

Estudou-se a açäo de biochanina A isolada e em associaçäo com os corantes naturais antocianina e carmin sobre o metabolismo lipídico de ratos. Foram dosados colesterol, colesterol-HDL e triacilgliceróis após administraçäo de duas doses dos compostos isoladamente e em misturas, sendo a primeira imediatamente após a administraçäo do triton e a segunda 20 horas depois. O sangue foi analisado 43 horas após a administraçäo do triton. Os resultados mostraram que a associaçäo biochanina A + antocianina e biochanina A + carmin apresentaram os melhores resultados para colesterol total e triacilglicerol