Oferta de pasto kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum), tercio de lactancia y perfil de ácidos grasos lácteos / Kikuyo grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) allowance, state of lactation and milk fatty acid profile

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la oferta de kikuyo y el tercio de lactancia sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos en la grasa láctea de bovinos en pastoreo. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 18 vacas de la raza Holstein con un peso promedio de 585 ±10 kg entre dos y cuatro partos, en primer y segundo tercio de lactancia. Las vacas se dividieron en tres grupos y fueron asignados al azar a uno de los tres tratamientos (ofertas de 2.6; 3.3 ó 4.0 kg MS/100 kg PV). Se determinó el perfil de ácidos grasos en la leche los días 14 y 21 del periodo experimental. Resultados. Los ácidos grasos C6:0, C16:0, C18:1c9 y C18:3 permanecieron constantes entre las diferentes ofertas de forraje y tercios de lactancia. En las mayores ofertas se presentó un aumento entre el día 14 y 21 de los ácidos C10:0 y C12:0 mientras que disminuyeron su concentración en estos mismos días los ácidos C18:1t11, C18:2c9c12, C18:2c9t11 y poliinsaturados. Se presentó una mayor concentración del ALC en animales de segundo tercio respecto a los de primero. Conclusiones. Debido a las variaciones entre los días de muestreo en el perfil de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea fue imposible determinar si el aumento en la oferta mejora las concentraciones de ácidos grasos que han presentado efecto benéfico en la salud humana. La movilización de reservas de grasa podría explicar el comportamiento diferente de la concentración de ácidos grasos entre los días de recolección de muestras.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of kikuyu offer and stage of lactation on fatty acids profile on milk fat of grazing dairy bovines. Materials and methods. Eighteen Holstein cows with average weight of 585±10 Kg in two to four calvings on first and second lactation stages. Cows were divided in three groups and assigned randomly to one of three treatments (pasture allowances of 2.6, 3.3 or 4.0 KgDM/100 Kg LW). Milk fatty acid profiles were determined on days 14 and 21 of the experimental period. Results. Fatty acids C6:0, C16:0, C18:1cis9, C18:3 remained constant between different forage allowances and lactation stage were used. On the treatments of highest allowance, there was an increase between days 14 and 21 of C10:0 andC12:0 acids while C18:1t11,C18:2c9c12, C18:2c9,t11, and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased their concentration. The lowest allowance had a different behavior. A higher concentration of ALC was observed in animals of second stage compared to first stage of lactation. Conclusions. It was not possible to conclude on the effects of forage allowance on the fatty acid profile of milk, due to variations between sampling dates. It is possible that mobilization of fat storage can explain the different behavior of fatty acid concentrations between sampling days.

Postoperative complications in the intensive care unit following lung transplantation in adults: results in University Hospital Reina Sofia.

The postoperative period following lung transplantation remains critical because of several complications. Infection, primary graft failure, acute rejection, and surgical complications are risk factors for mortality and morbidity. The recognition and early treatment of these complications is important to optimize outcomes. This article provides an overview of postoperative complications observed in our center during the last year. We were particularly interested in the influence of variables, such as inotrope usage and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, a well-known, and validated mortality prediction model for general intensive care unit (ICU) patients only infrequently reported in the transplantation literature. High APACHE II scores were significantly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (P = 0.041) and a tracheostomy requirement (P = .035). The factors significantly associated with an early postoperative death were older donor age (P = .005), prolonged donor ICU period (P = .004), need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CB; P = .005), and high inotrope requirements in the ICU (P = .034). CB data were biased because we selected the worst case patients. Donor age and high inotrope requirements in the ICU have been reported previously to be prognostic factors for poor graft function. We believe that control of these variables may improve outcomes.

Variaciones diarias de la oferta forrajera, efecto sobre la producción y calidad de la leche / Daily variations of forage allowance, effects on milk production and quality

Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las variaciones de la oferta diaria de forraje sobre la producción y calidad de la leche. Materiales y métodos. Determinando el área de oferta diaria mediante un sistema de posicionamiento global y empleando la técnica de doble muestreo para medir producción de biomasa previa y posterior al pastoreo, se estimó su consumo diario por diferencia agronómica. Se estimaron variaciones dentro y entre fincas para los parámetros evaluados. Se estableció el grado de asociación entre las variaciones diarias en la oferta con el consumo, el volumen y calidad de la leche. Resultados. Los resultados evidenciaron asociación entre variaciones de oferta diaria y consumo de forraje (R2=0.65) y la variación en volumen diario de leche (R2=0.45). Las variaciones en grasa no mostraron relación con cambios en la oferta (R2=0.0) y sus valores fueron asociados a la relación forraje/suplemento (R2=0.52). Las variaciones en proteína tuvieron menor asociación con las variaciones en la oferta (R2=0.17) y mayor con el consumo de materia seca (R2=0.34). Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que variaciones en la oferta forrajera explican en mayor grado las variaciones en el consumo de materia seca con un efecto directo sobre el volumen de leche y en menor grado sobre las variaciones en su composición.

Vaginoplastia: modificación de la técnica de McIndoe usando esponja de gel hemostático / Vaginoplasty: modification to McIndoe techique using hemostatic gel sponge

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, que consulta por amenorrea primaria. En el examen físico encontramos: fenotipo femenino, genitales externos normales y genitales internos con ausencia de vagina. Los exámenes complementarios, ultrasonido y tomografía abdomino – pélvica, demostraron útero aplásico. El perfil hormonal (FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterona, testosterona y prolactina) fue normal y el cariotipo, 46 XX. Se diagnosticó clínicamente como Síndrome de Mayer – Rokitansky – Küster – Hauser. Realizamos vaginoplastia utilizando técnica descrita por McIndoe modificada, empleando esponja de gel hemostático para la fijación de los injertos (AU)

We report a case of a 23 years old female patient with primary amenorrhea. Physical exam: phenotipically female, normal external genitalia, show internal genitalia without evidence of vagina. Complimentary exams, abdominopelvicultra sound and tomography: aplasic uterus. FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, all normal. Cariotype: 46XX.She is clinically diagnosed as a Mayer – Rokitansky– Küster – Hauser syndrome. Vaginoplasty was performed by modifications of McIndoe´s technique, using hemostatic gel sponges for grafts integration (AU)

[Basic techniques of electroencephalography: principles and clinical applications]. / Técnicas básicas de electroencefalografía: principios y aplicaciones clínicas.

The electroencephalogram is a technique for the functional exploration of the central nervous system (CNS). It is a relatively old technique but even today it continues to be a tool of great assistance to the clinician in diagnosing and treating certain pathologies, such as epilepsy, encephalopathies, alterations to the state of consciousness, CNS infections, etc. On the other hand, it is a diagnostic tool whose applications are expanding in combination with other neurophysiological techniques, such as in the field of the study and diagnosis of sleep pathology (polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test...) and in intraoperative monitoring together with somasensory evoked potentials. This article describes the basic techniques of electroencephalography, with special emphasis on its main clinical applications and on future perspectives.

[Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring: methods in neurosurgery]. / Monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria: métodos en neurocirugía.

IONM uses different neurophysiological techniques during surgery time, thus avoiding possible lesions to the neurological structures, making surgery safer and better. We describe two types of IONM: mapping techniques and monitoring techniques, as well as their advantages, disadvantages and complications. We look into the more useful techniques in this field, as well as providing orientation about its use according to the surgical areas and the neurological structures under risk. In conclusion, we affirm that IONM is one of the most important advances in modern neurosurgery.

[Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spine surgery]. / Monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en cirugía de columna.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) makes it possible to determine the status of neurological function during surgery. It guides the surgeon and minimises the risk of injury. This paper describes the different techniques available for IONM in spine surgery (somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, neurography, electromyography, reflexes and dermatomic evoked potentials), which neurophysiologists employ depending on the nerve structures at risk. In order for monitoring to be successful, coordination between all members of the surgical team is essential. In the event of IONM registering alterations, the neurophysiologist must first check the integrity of the recording system. The anaesthetist should then assess blood pressure, oxygen levels, ventilation and haematocrit values, and revert recent anaesthetic changes. Finally, the surgeon must stop the procedure and try to determine the cause of the event, and correct it if possible.

Specific detection of human antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus.

Specific diagnosis of antibodies to Onchocerca was achieved through (1) the construction of direct and indirect ELISA systems, and (2) restricting ELISA assays to the IgG4 class. The direct ELISA was based on the isolation of a surface derived, low molecular weight surface antigen preparation containing two main antigens (M. wt. 16.2 and 12.8 kDA) as defined by Western blot analysis. The direct ELISA system detected antibodies in children of six years old, and may therefore be applicable to detecting reinvasion in OCP areas of Onchocerca volvulus control. The indirect ELISA system was a competitive binding ELISA-based assay using a monoclonal antibody recognising two Onchocerca components (M. wts. 15.6 and 25.9) on a Western blot. The direct and indirect ELISA systems were similarly specific and sensitive when evaluated in a preliminary survey. The direct ELISA system yielded a specificity and sensitivity of: 100% and 100% respectively, using Mexican endemic and Mexican intestinal nematode infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively: 91% and 96% respectively, using Venezuelan endemic and Venezuelan Mansonella ozzardi infection sera as positive and negative controls, respectively: 87% and 93% respectively, using African endemic and Papuan (New Guinea) Wuchereria bancrofti infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively: 93% and 93% respectively, using African endemic and Indian W. bancrofti infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively. Similar specificity and sensitivity levels were obtained when the same comparisons were made using the indirect (inhibition) ELISA assay. These values may be contrasted with the currently used PBS extract of O. volvulus which yielded specificities of less than 10% in all the above comparisons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)