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1.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc ; 13(1): 19-22, 2005 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15024558

ABSTRACT

High tibial osteotomies for the treatment of gonarthrosis in young and active patients are well-accepted and frequently performed procedures. Several techniques are described to achieve good axial alignment with enough stability for early motion, but they come along with a considerable number of complications, such as insufficient or excessive axial correction, loss of reduction, delayed union, and pseudoarthrosis. We present a case of early loss of reduction in a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy and a simple technical trick to avoid and treat this potential complication.


Subject(s)
Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Osteotomy/adverse effects , Osteotomy/methods , Tibial Fractures/etiology , Tibial Fractures/surgery , Bone Screws , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery , Tibia/surgery
2.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ; 124(1): 31-7, 2004 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-13680275

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The advantages of intramedullary fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures over dynamic screw-plate devices in the clinical setting are still a matter of debate. We performed a case series study in a teaching hospital to analyse the results of the recent AO-ASIF proximal femoral nail (PFN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 1998 and May 2001, 46 consecutive patients (47 fractures) were included in the investigation. The average patient age was 76.4 years (range 50-93 years), and most fractures (74.5%) were unstable. Operative details, adequacy of fracture reduction, screw position in the femoral head, re-operations, and postoperative complications were documented. Functional results were evaluated by the Parker and Palmer mobility score and Barthel Index for patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. RESULTS: Intraoperative technical or mechanical complications occurred in 11 patients (23.4%), mostly problems with the distal nail locking and fracture of the lateral wall of the greater trochanter. Mean surgical time was 83.4 min. The lateral protrusion of screws causing thigh pain was the most common postoperative complication, with an incidence of 21.2%. There was only one femoral shaft fracture at the nail tip caused by a fall at 9 months of follow-up. Five patients (10.6%) had intra-articular migration of screws, which was associated with loss of reduction and varus collapse in one case. There were 2 persistent deep infections and 2 haematomas that required surgical drainage. The re-operation rate was 19.1%, mainly cephalic screw removal due to lateral protrusion at the proximal thigh. Ten patients (32.2%) fully recovered their Parker and Palmer mobility score, and 20 patients (66.6%) recovered more than 90% of their pre-injury Barthel Index values. The average limb shortening was 14 mm. Mortality rate during the observation period was 20.4%. CONCLUSION: In view of only one loss of reduction with varus collapse clearly caused by a technical error, we concluded that the PFN is a suitable implant for unstable fractures, but the high re-operation rate precludes its routine use for every pertrochanteric fracture.


Subject(s)
Bone Nails , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation , Hip Fractures/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/adverse effects , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Fracture Healing/physiology , Hip Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Incidence , Injury Severity Score , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Probability , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome
3.
J Clin Anesth ; 13(8): 576-81, 2001 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11755327

ABSTRACT

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether combination of transdermal nitroglycerine (a nitric oxide generator) would enhance analgesia from epidural S(+)-ketamine (a N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist) in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with combined spinal anesthesia. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: Orthopedic surgery unit of a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 60 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for minor orthopedic knee surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to one of five groups (n = 12) to receive combined epidural/intrathecal anesthesia. A 10-mL epidural injection was first administered to all patients (study drug or normal saline). Intrathecal anesthesia consisted of 15 mg bupivacaine. Twenty to 30 minutes after the spinal puncture, a transdermal patch of either nitroglycerin 5 mg or placebo was applied. The control group (CG) received epidural saline and transdermal placebo. The nitroglycerin group (NG) received epidural saline and transdermal nitroglycerine patch. The 0.1 mg/kg S(+)-ketamine epidural group (1 KG) received 0.1 mg/kg epidural S(+)-ketamine and transdermal placebo. The 0.2 mg/kg S(+)-ketamine epidural group (2 KG) received 0.2 mg/kg epidural S(+)-ketamine and transdermal placebo. Finally, the nitroglycerin/0.1 mg/kg S(+)-ketamine epidural group (1 NKG) received 0.1 mg/kg epidural S(+)-ketamine and transdermal nitroglycerin. Pain and adverse effects were evaluated using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The groups were demographically the same. Sensory anesthetic level and VAS score for pain at the time of first rescue medication were similar among groups. The time to first rescue analgesic (min) was less in both the CG and the NG groups compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Epidural S(+)-ketamine resulted in analgesia to both groups (1 KG < 2 KG; p < 0.05). The 1 NKG and the 2 KG displayed similar analgesia (p > 0.05). The CG required more rescue analgesics in 24 hours compared with the patients who received epidural S(+)-ketamine (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Epidural S(+)-ketamine resulted in antinociception, which was enhanced by transdermal nitroglycerin.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Analgesia, Epidural , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Nitric Oxide Donors/administration & dosage , Nitroglycerin/administration & dosage , Orthopedic Procedures , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Adult , Analgesics/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, Spinal , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Ketamine/adverse effects , Knee Joint/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , N-Methylaspartate/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Donors/adverse effects , Nitroglycerin/adverse effects , Pain Measurement
4.
J Clin Anesth ; 12(6): 444-8, 2000 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11090729

ABSTRACT

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To define the analgesic efficacy, and to identify a possible site of action, of epidural and intraarticular neostigmine. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: Postoperative analgesia, teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 58 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing knee surgery. INTERVENTIONS: All patients were premedicated with 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg intravenous midazolam and received combined epidural/intrathecal technique. Intrathecal anesthesia consisted of 20 mg bupivacaine. A 10 mL epidural and intraarticular injection was administered to all patients; this consisted of either the study drug or normal saline. Postoperatively, pain was assessed using the 10 cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and intramuscular (IM) 75 mg diclofenac was available at patient request. The control group (CG) received both epidural and intraarticular saline. The 1 microg/kg epidural group (1 microg/kg EG) received epidural neostigmine and intraarticular saline. The 1 microg/kg intraarticular group (1 microg/kg AG) received epidural saline and intraarticular neostigmine. Finally, the 500 microg intraarticular group (500 microg AG) received epidural saline and intraarticular neostigmine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 56 patients were evaluated. Groups were demographically the same and did not differ in intraoperative characteristics. The VAS score at first rescue analgesic and the incidence of adverse effects were similar among groups (p< 0.05). The time (min) to first rescue analgesic was shorter for both the CG (228+/-54) and 1 microg/kg AG (251+/-87) groups compared to the 1 microg/kg EG (333+/-78) and 500 microg AG (335+/- 111) groups (p<0.05). The analgesic consumption (number of IM diclofenac injections (mean [25(th)-75(th) percentile]) in 24 hours was higher in the CG group than both the 1 microg/kg EG and 500 microg AG groups (p<0.05). The overall 24-hour pain VAS score (cm) was higher in the CG group than in the 1 microg/kg EG (p<0.05) group. CONCLUSION: Although peripheral neostigmine 1 microg/kg did not result in postoperative analgesia, the same dose applied epidurally resulted in over 5 hours of analgesia, similar to a fivefold dose applied peripherally. The results suggest that epidural neostigmine has a greater analgesic efficacy than peripherally applied neostigmine.


Subject(s)
Analgesia, Epidural , Neostigmine/administration & dosage , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Injections, Intra-Articular , Knee Joint/surgery , Male , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 30(11/12): 869-77, nov.-dez. 1995. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-162657

ABSTRACT

Nesta segunda parte, foi analisado o comportamento mecânico de hastes AO e FMRP femorais bloqueadas de l2mm de diâmetro e 400mm de comprimento, implantadas em dez pares de fêmures humanos frescos. Foi ressecado segmento diafisário extenso, resultando em um fragmento proximal de l2cm, um distal de l4cm e um gap entre os dois de l6cm. As hastes foram travadas inicialmente de forma usual.Foram feitos testes de inclinaçao da baste dentro dos fragmentos distal e proximal, nos sentidos ântero-posterior e medial-lateral e testes de carga axial excêntrica. Os espécimes foram analisados em máquina universal de testes. Os testes de inclinaçao mostraram superioridade estatisticamente significante dos espécimes FMRP da fixaçao no fragmento proximal e uma forte tendência à melhor fixaçao também no fragmento distal. Para tornar semelhante a distância entre os parafusos de travamento distais das bastes FMRP e AO, os parafusos dos espécimes FMRP foram mudados da posiçao convencional, o que enfraqueceu significantemente a fixaçao nas inclinaçoes, indicando a importância da inserçao em posiçao afastada dos dois parafusos distais de travamento no sistema FMRP. O segmento distal foi adicionalmente encurtado para 12 e 10cm, o que nao modificou de forma importante a fixaçao analisada nos testes de inclinaçao. O fato foi imputado ao já avantajado canal medular do fragmento distal antes da ressecçao. A fixaçao dependia, entao, só dos parafusos distais de bloqueio e nao do apoio cortical da diáfise. Os testes de carga axial excêntrica mostraram nítida superioridade do sistema FMRP em todos os espécimes, os quais sofreram deformaçao significantemente menor e resistiram à carga máxima que o sistema AO. Relevância clínica - Ernbora exista a possibilidade do uso de hastes mais calibrosas no sistema AO, para hastes de l2mm de diâmetro o comportamento mecânico é nitidamente superior no sistema FMRP. Os dados obtidos referendam o uso clínico do sistema FMRP, a julgar pelo lado da resistência mecânica. Estes resultados encorajam o uso clínico do sistema FMRP, a julgar pelo lado da resistência mecânica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Femur/surgery , Internal Fixators , Biomechanical Phenomena , Pliability
6.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 30(10): 765-71, out. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-162635

ABSTRACT

É apresentado estudo de comparaçao de hastes femorais AO-ASIF e FMRP, ambas de l2mm de diâmetro. Desenvolvida no Brasil, a haste FMRP é um tipo de haste bloqueada que pode ser implantada sem o uso de intensificador de imagem e é mais barata, quando comparada com outros métodos de haste bloqueada. As hastes foram analisadas em flexao e em torçao. A flexao foi feita usando um sistema de quatro pontos. A torçao foi aplicada bloqueando as hastes proximal e distalmente a uma distância constante. A análise das posiçoes da fenda em relaçao à força flexora na posiçao média da haste (regiao nao perfurada) revelou que a menos rígida era quando a fenda estava a 90 graus, seguida da posiçao em que a fenda olhava para a força flexora (lado da compressao). A posiçao de maior rigidez era quando a fenda estava oposta à força de flexao (lado da tensao). Comparando curvas similares para cada tipo de haste, foi observado que as hastes FMRP sao mais rígidas à flexao que as AO-ASIF. Foi realizada análise semelhante da flexao ao nível do primeiro orifício de travamento distal (em local de quebra freqüente da haste em fraturas distais na diáfise). Esta revelou que o enfraquecimento causado pelos dois orifícios na haste AO (medial e lateral) em comparaçao com aquele causado pelo orifício (medial) e a fenda (lateral) na haste FMRP, é muito mais crítico na haste AO, que resiste muito menos a estresses que simulam forças varizantes. A análise do torque mostrou uma rigidez muito menor das hastes AO.ASIF em comparaçao com as FMRP. O estudo claramente mostra que as hastes FMRP sao mais rígidas que as AO-ASIF de 12mm de diâmetro. Este fato pode ser importante em relaçao à formaçao de calo ósseo. A haste AO mais elástica seria mais estimulante, mas por outro lado, a resistência mais baixa ao torque pode ser deletéria para a formaçao de calo. Pessoas jovens que, mais freqüentemente que as idosas, sofrem de fraturas cominutivas no fêmur, sao os melhores candidatos à haste bloqueada. Seus fêmures têm canais com diâmetros à haste bloqueada. Seus fêmures têm canais com diâmetro reduzido, o que implica o uso de uma haste fina. Nestas circunstâncias, as hastes FMRP resistem a esforços mais elevados que as hastes AO e sao talvez mais seguras no que concerne à falha do material.


Subject(s)
Femur/surgery , Internal Fixators , Biomechanical Phenomena , Pliability
7.
Unfallchirurg ; 92(8): 379-80, 1989 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2799395

ABSTRACT

A simple modification of the usual technique for inserting a implant into the distal femur is presented. It is intended to avoid malalignment of the distal femur in the sagittal plane in cases of severely comminuted supracondylar fractures.


Subject(s)
Bone Plates , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Knee Injuries/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Humans , Wound Healing
9.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 19(6): 229-30, 1984.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-25751

ABSTRACT

O trabalho analisa a importancia do teste de Lachman para o diagnostico da lesao dos ligamentos cruzados do joelho. Em 81 joelhos com lesao ligamentar aguda o teste de Lachman se mostrou com sensibilidade de 85% para o diagnostico da lesao do cruzado anterior e de 100% para a lesao do cruzado posterior. O teste teve especificidade de 66% para diagnosticar a lesao do cruzado anterior e de 48% para a do cruzado posterior. Para o diagnostico da lesao de um ou ambos os cruzados indiferentemente, o teste mostrou sensibilidade de 88% e especificidade de 91%. E chamada a atencao para o ponto final anterior definido nos casos de cruzado anterior integro e lesao do cruzado posterior.Conclui-se que o teste de Lachman esta ligado ao estado de ambos os cruzados, sendo altamente sensivel e especifico para diagnosticar a lesao de um ou de ambos os cruzados


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Knee , Wounds and Injuries , Diagnostic Tests, Routine
10.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 19(6): 236-8, 1984.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-25754

ABSTRACT

Em estudo duplo-cego entre pacientes, procurou-se verificar a eficacia e tolerabilidade do diclofenac sodico (150mg/dia por via intramuscular no primeiro dia e por via oral nos dias subsequentes) e placebo administrados durante 5 dias na prevencao do edema pos-operatorio em 40 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortopedica.A avaliacao global do efeito terapeutico evidenciou diferenca estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre o diclofenac sodico e placebo. Verificou-se, com tratamento ativo, reducao mais nitida do edema dos membros afetados. Igualmente foi observado significativo (p < 0,01) alivio da dor em repouso nos pacientes tratados com o diclofenac. A tolerabilidade foi excelente em ambos os grupos


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Diclofenac , Edema , Postoperative Complications , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method
11.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 18(5): 162-72, 1983.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-17450

ABSTRACT

Os achados semiologicos obtidos de 58 pacientes operados por lesao ligamentar aguda do joelho foram comparados com os achados cirurgicos. Os resultados foram analisados para cada achado isoladamente, estabelecendo-se o valor desse achado em relacao as estruturas possivelmente envolvidas


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Knee Injuries , Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical
12.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 18(5): 173-8, 1983.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-17451

ABSTRACT

Os autores mostram, neste trabalho, revisao de 34 pes tortos congenitos operados pela tecnica de Turco. Modificacoes a tecnica original foram usadas (incisao em zigue-zaque, fio de aco passando sobre o calcaneo), com resultados superiores aos da tecnica descrita por Turco em 1971. O seguimento pos-operatorio variou de 4 meses a 10 anos, com media de 3 anos e 3 meses. Os resultados se basearam em avaliacao subjetiva, clinica e radiologica. Esses resultados, de forma geral, foram bons na maioria dos casos, notando-se superioridade na correcao das deformidades em pacientes operados entre o 1o. e 2o. anos de vida


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Talipes
13.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 18(5): 188-92, 1983.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-17454

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliados 36 pacientes operados por fraturas maleolares. Segundo a classificacao de Weber, 6 eram do tipo A, 24 do tipo B e 6 do tipo C. Foram utilizados varios tipos de osteossintese segundo o metodo AO. Os pacientes foram avaliados obedecendo aos criterios de Weber. Estes pacientes tiveram seguimento medio de 2 anos. Os resultados para as fraturas Weber A foram muito bons em 5 (83%) e bom em 1 (17%); para as fraturas Weber B, 19 (79%) foram muito bons, 3 (13%) bons e 2 (8%) maus; para as fraturas Weber C, 100% tiveram resultado muito bom. Os resultados maus foram devidos a erro de tecnica


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Ankle Joint , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Fractures, Bone
14.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 16(3): 95-102, 1981.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-3863

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho foi estudada a producao de artrite provocada em joelho de coelhos, pela injecao intra-articular, repetida, de papaina crua, por um periodo de ate 20 semanas. Foi analisada a artrite provocada pelas formas ativada e nao ativada da enzima, assim como a artrite provocada em um ou ambos os joelhos.As seguintes conclusoes foram tiradas: 1) A papaina produz consistentemente alteracoes na cartilagem articular, de carater progressivo com o tempo; 2) As alteracoes observadas sao, do ponto de vista macroscopico, microscopico e radiologico, semelhantes ao processo artrosico em seres humanos. 3) O metodo constitui precioso instrumento na obtencao de artrose em animais de experimentacao, servindo ainda para pesquisa de diferentes metodos de tratamento


Subject(s)
Arthritis , Knee Joint , Papain
15.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (1978) ; 93(4): 253-9, 1979 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-380514

ABSTRACT

The integration of immature cartilage allografts to knee joints of both normal rabbits and those submitted to arthritis through papain was studied for a period of up to 9 months. Two types of grafts were compared: chondral--constituted only by cartilage, and osteochondral--cartilage plus a thin layer of subchondral bone. The integration of the grafts was analyzed through inspection of the articular surface and histologic sections. The viability of the grafts was checked through the incorporation of 35SO4 on the chondral matrix. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) A large member of the grafted cartilages were well accepted without histological evidence of immunological rejection, and metabolically active 9 months after transplantation. (2) The chondral graft was found to be superior to the osteochondral one regarding the integration, but both showed tendency to degeneration with time. (3) The presence of arthritis previously induced by papain affected the integration of the grafts causing a higher precentage of degeneration on the grafts causing a higher precentage of degeneration on the grafted cartilage.


Subject(s)
Bone Transplantation , Cartilage, Articular/transplantation , Knee Joint/surgery , Osteoarthritis/surgery , Animals , Cartilage, Articular/metabolism , Cartilage, Articular/pathology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Graft Rejection , Methods , Osteoarthritis/chemically induced , Papain , Rabbits , Transplantation, Homologous
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