ABSTRACT
Objetivo. La cirugía multinivel de extremidades inferiores es un procedimiento que se lleva a cabo en pacientes afectados de parálisis cerebral (PC). El objetivo en pacientes deambulantes es mejorar el patrón de marcha y para los no deambulantes facilitar la realización de transferencias. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es cuantificar la mejora del patrón de marcha en pacientes intervenidos con esta técnica. Diseño. Estudio prospectivo de pacientes afectados de PC a los que se les ha practicado cirugía multinivel entre marzo del 2011 y marzo del 2013. Material y método. Se ha valorado a 11 pacientes sometidos a cirugía multinivel, cuantificando los cambios en la marcha tras la intervención quirúrgica, aplicando la Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS). También se han determinado los cambios en la velocidad de la marcha (pasos por segundo) y en la Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Los pacientes han sido valorados entre un año y 2 después de la cirugía. Resultados. Se ha observado una mejora media de 9 puntos al aplicar la EVGS. En 8 pacientes no hay cambios en GMFCS y en 5 ha mejorado la velocidad de la marcha. Todos los pacientes que practicaban alguna modalidad de deporte adaptado la continúan realizando en la actualidad en las mismas condiciones. Conclusiones. Aunque se ha observado una mejora global en las puntuaciones de la EVGS y en la velocidad de la marcha, no se han evidenciado cambios en GMFCS. Aun así, la valoración por parte de la familia es satisfactoria. Necesitamos futuros estudios a largo plazo y con una muestra mayor para averiguar si la mejora observada se mantiene al final del crecimiento (AU)
Objective. Single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) of the lower limbs is a procedure for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Its aim is to improve gait pattern and/or facilitate transfers, according to the patient's walking ability. The aim of our study was to quantify the improvement in gait pattern in patients treated with this procedure. Design. Prospective study of patients with cerebral palsy who underwent SEMLS between March 2011 and March 2013. Material and method. We evaluated 11 patients who underwent SEMLS by quantifying gait changes after surgery, using the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS). We determined changes in gait speed (steps per second) and in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Patients were assessed at one and two years after surgery. Results. We observed an average improvement of 9 points when applying the EVGS. The GMFCS was unchanged in 8 patients, and gait speed improved in 5 patients. All patients who used to practice some kind of adapted sport are still doing so in the same conditions. Conclusions. Despite finding a global improvement in the EVGS and gait speed, no change was observed in the GMFCS. Nevertheless, family satisfaction was satisfactory. Future long-term studies with a larger number of patients are needed to check whether the improvement remains at the end of growth (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cerebral Palsy/congenital , Rehabilitation/psychology , Multilevel Analysis/methods , Visual Acuity/genetics , Therapeutics/methods , General Surgery/education , Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/pathology , Cerebral Palsy/metabolism , Rehabilitation/methods , Multilevel Analysis/classification , Prospective Studies , Visual Acuity/physiology , Therapeutics , General Surgery/methods , Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/metabolismABSTRACT
This study describes the anatomy of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in the middle and lower thirds of the arm, with special reference to the motor branches to the biceps and brachialis muscles, given their importance in certain clinical, particularly surgical, procedures. In each dissection (46 upper limbs) we recorded the course of the MCN and its variations, and the number, type of distribution pattern and length of the motor branches to the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles. We also recorded the position at which those branches arose from the MCN trunk. We found three branching patterns for biceps brachii: 1) one branch (60.5%); 2) two branches, one for each biceps head (27.9%); and 3) two branches, one for the two biceps heads and one for the common belly (11.6%). The mean distance between the acromion and the motor branches to biceps brachii was 133.8 mm, 45.3% of the acromion-lateral epicondyle distance. The mean length of those branches was 31.2 mm. We found two branching patterns for brachialis: 1) one branch (72.1%); and 2) two branches (27.9%). These motor nerves to brachialis arose from the MCN at a mean distance of 185.3 mm, 61.5% of the acromion-lateral epicondyle distance, and their average length was 33.0 mm. The data were expressed as the percentage of the distance between the acromion and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, to make their clinical use easy and to avoid errors caused by anthropometric differences.
