ABSTRACT
This study aimed to validate a semiquantitative electronic food frequency questionnaire (eFFQ) in estimating the intake of a comprehensive list of nutrients and bioactive compounds among adults from six regions of Argentina using multiple 24 h dietary recall (24HR) as a reference. A total of 163 adults completed two administrations of the eFFQ and four 24HRs. The paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman/Pearson correlations, cross-classification, weighted kappa statistics, and Bland-Altman plots were employed to determine relative validity. To determine reproducibility, intraclass correlations (ICC), cross-classification, and weighted kappa statistics were calculated. For relative validity, crude correlations ranged from 0.15 to 0.57; energy adjustment and de-attenuation slightly improved most of these correlations. In cross-classification analysis, agreements within one quintile adjacent to exact agreement (EA ± 1) ranged from 52.2% to ~74%; extreme misclassifications were < 7%. For reproducibility, the crude ICC ranged from 0.29 to 0.85, showing moderate to good correlations for most nutrients. Cross-classification analysis showed agreement levels for the EA ± 1 quintile of 70.6% to 87.7%. Weighted kappa values ranged from 0.21 to 0.62. The results show that this eFFQ is relatively valid in ranking adults according to their nutrient intake and has an acceptable reproducibility, yet it slightly overestimates the intake of most nutrients.
Subject(s)
Diet Surveys , Humans , Argentina , Adult , Reproducibility of Results , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Diet Surveys/standards , Diet Surveys/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Diet Records , Energy Intake , Nutrition Assessment , Feeding Behavior , Mental RecallABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is a major public health problem, frequent, costly, and often fatal. Despite of improvements in supportive treatments the incidence of sepsis and the number of deaths related to sepsis is increasing. Statins have been recently proposed as adjuvants in the treatment of sepsis, but its effects on mortality show conflicting results worldwide. AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with sepsis in a university-affiliated hospital in central Argentina and to evaluate it in relation to a group of septic patients with previous use of statins before the onset of sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted as an observational retrospective research from April 2010 to December 2014 with patients over 18 years of age which were assigned to statins or control groups. Out of 2906 patients, 231 matched study and diagnostic criteria for sepsis and among them 33 (14.3%) belonged to the group of statins. The mean age was 64.2 ± 14.3 years. RESULTS: The severity of sepsis on admission was as follows: Sepsis, n=147 (63.6%), Severe sepsis, n=26 (11.3%) and Septic shock, n=58 (25.1%). The mean length of stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was10.8 ± 9.6 days and 21.2 ± 17 days in general hospital ward settings, without differences between groups of statin users and controls, p=0.873 and p=0.766, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 31.2% (n=72). Previous statin use did not affect in-hospital or 30-day mortality (OR 0.978; 95% CI 0.339 to 2.274; p=0.789). Creatinine levels on days 3 and 14 were substantially higher in statins group (1.80 ±1.39 vs. 1.45 ± 1.47 mg/dl) (p=0.010) and (1.42 ± 1.14 vs. 1.09 ± 1.05 mg/dl) (p=0.009), respectively. CONCLUSION: Prior use of statins did not reduce in-hospital or 30-day mortality in septic patients and it may be associated with impaired renal function in this group of Argentinian participants.
ABSTRACT
Os autoanticorpos para DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) estão associados com Esclerose Sistêmica (SSc) difusa e parecem ser comandados por antígenos e disparados por epitopos ocultos expostos durante a fragmentação da topo I in vivo. Estes autoanticorpos reconhecem a topo I e fragmentos deste autoantígeno gerados durante apoptose e necrose. Determinamos se as catepsinas lisossomais estão ou não envolvidas na fragmentação da Topo I durante a necrose. A clivagem da Topo I durante necrose for analisada por "immunoblotting" a a partir de lisados de fibroblastos L929, expostos à TNF-a e inibidores de caspase ZVAD-FMK, e lisados de células endoteliais humanas e bovinas tratadas com cloreto de mercúrio. Topo I purificada e núcleos de L929 foram incubados com catepsinas B, D, G, H, L, S; a clivagem da Topo I foi detectada por "immunoblotting". A localização subcelular da atividade da catepsina L e da Topo I durante a necrose foi examinada utilizando-se microscopia de fluorescência. A necrose em L929 mediada por TNF-a envolveu a clivagem da Topo I em fragmentos de 70 e 45-kd. Este padrão de clivagem foi reproduzido in vitro pelas catepsinas L e H e foi inibida pelo inibidor de catepsina L, o Z-FY-CHO. A atividade da catepsina L foi localizada nos lisossomos em células controle mas difundida no citoplasma e no núcleo durante a necrose, enquanto a topo I foi relocalizada parcialmente no citoplasma durante a necrose. Z-FY-CHO atrasou a necrose e parcialmente bloqueou da clivagem da Topo I. Os fragmentos de 70- e 45-kd foram também detectados em células endoteliais necróticas e reconhecidos pela maioria dos soros de SSc contendo anticorpos anti-topo I. Estes resultados mostram o envolvimento de catepsinas, particularmente a catepsina L, na clivagem da topo I durante a necrose. Esta clivagem pode gerar fragmentos potencialmente imunogênicos que poderiam disparar a resposta imune anti-topo I em SSc
