ABSTRACT
Strains of Xylella fastidiosa from several hosts (coffee, citrus, grape, almond, oleander, peach, plum, etc.) were characterized by analyzing the content of the nucleotide sequences of 16S-23S rDNA (coding for a small subunit ribosomal RNA) spacer region (ITS). Current methods for sequencing the ITS region yields partial sequences that do not contribute with significant information. According to this fact, new primers have been designed in order to obtain a complete sequence and facilitate the sequencing. The complete 16S-23S sequences from 08 strains were amplified through PCR using the primers designed in our lab. The 16S-23S sequences obtained were compared with 52 others sequences entries in GenBank database. The results revealed a higher level of variation than that found in 16S gene sequences, with similarity values ranging from 0.79-1.00. The dendogram based on similarity data revealed 5 main groups. This spacer sequence contains two genes for tRNA (tRNAala and tRNAile). The sequence analysis of the tRNA content showed a conserved region with a few differences in the nucleotide composition.
Linhagens de Xylella fastidiosa de diferentes hospedeiros (café, uva, amêndoa, ameixa, etc.) foram caracterizados analisando as sequências de nucleotídeos do espaço intergênico 16S-23S (ITS). Os métodos atuais para o sequenciamento da região ITS produzem fragmentos parciais das sequências que não contribuem com informações significantes. Em vista disso, novos primers foram desenhados a fim de obter uma sequência completa e facilitar o sequenciamento. A sequencia completa da região ITS de 08 linhagens de X. Fastidiosa foram amplificadas via PCR, sequenciadas e comparadas com outras 52 sequencias depositadas no GenBank. Os resultados revelaram um alto nível de variação sendo maior que os níveis encontrados quando se utiliza o gene 16S para este tipo de análise, com valores variando entre 0.79 a 1.00. O dendograma baseado em dados de similaridade agrupou as linhagens de X. fastidiosa em 5 grupos principais. Duas sequencias codificadoras de tRNA's foram encontradas (tRNAala e tRNAile) e mostram-se conservadas entre as linhagens analisadas com pouca diferença entre a composição nucleotídica.
Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/pathogenicity , In Vitro Techniques , Polymorphism, Genetic , Cell Line , Diagnosis , Genetic Variation , Methods , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
In this study, the production of siderophores by Xylella fastidiosa from the citrus bacteria isolate 31b9a5c (FAPESP - ONSA, Brazil) was investigated. The preliminary evidence supporting the existence of siderophore in X. fastidiosa was found during the evaluation of sequencing data generated in our lab using the BLAST-X tool, which indicated putative open reading frames (ORFs) associated with iron-binding proteins. In an iron-limited medium siderophores were detected in the supernatant of X. fastidiosa cultures. The endophytic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens was also evaluated. Capillary electrophoresis was used to separate putative siderophores produced by X. fastidiosa. The bacterial culture supernatants of X. fastidiosa were identified negative for hydroxamate and catechol and positive for M. extorquens that secreted hydroxamate-type siderophores.
Subject(s)
Iron/metabolism , Siderophores/biosynthesis , Xylella/growth & development , Xylella/metabolism , Catechols/isolation & purification , Culture Media/analysis , Culture Media/chemistry , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Hydroxamic Acids/isolation & purification , Iron-Binding Proteins/analysis , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
In spite of the lack of resolution of Xylella fastidiosa phylogenetic relationships, parsimony analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA sequence from a wide range of hosts has been evaluated in this research. In order to establish an easier method for sequencing the spacer region completely, a new primer pair was designed. The sequences obtained revealed a higher level of variation than that found in 16S gene sequences, with similarity values ranging from 0.80 to 1.00. The cladogram constructed allowed the clustering of two major clades. From these results it has been possible to recognize the monophyletic grouping of some strains belonging to the same host, possibly representing only one infection process. However, for other hosts there is paraphyletic and polyphyletic grouping. This methodology followed from promising results regarding strain-host clustering. With the parsimony approach, hypothetical genealogical relationship among Xylella strains may be inferred.
