ABSTRACT
Worldwide, vector-transmitted diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases and cause more than 700,000 deaths annually. The primary strategy to control the transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika focuses on the control of their vectors. Vector control programs depend mainly on the use of insecticides. However, these measures have failed to yield the desired results because the lack of proper control decreases their effectiveness over time. Also, the effect of insecticide use on non-target organisms, environmental contamination, and the development of insecticide resistance impose continuous challenges for insecticide-dependant control programs. The sterile insect technique, on the other hand, is a non-polluting and environment-friendly technique. The use of sterile insects is generally well established in agriculture, but human health interventions often require a consensus that combines social perceptions with scientific evidence. Factors associated with acceptance of the releases of sterile male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were assessed with logistic regression models for two communities (Rio Florido and Hidalgo) in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. The favourable opinion of the respondents about the project workers, and the fact that the releases of sterile mosquitoes would be managed by the Secretaría de Salud, were found to be factors that supported the acceptance of sterile mosquito releases. Factors associated with disapproval were community (Rio Florido and Hidalgo) and the misbelief that sterile male mosquitoes can bite. The differences observed between the communities included in this study might be the result of experiences with the releases, of social and community organisation, and of leadership by social actors.
Subject(s)
Aedes , Dengue , Insecticides , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Animals , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Insecticides/pharmacology , Male , Mexico , Mosquito Control/methods , Mosquito Vectors , Pilot Projects , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The proliferation of arboviruses and their vectors is influenced by a complex interplay between vector, environment and human behaviors. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of socio-environmental determinants on knowledge and practices regarding arboviruses transmission, among the residents of three communities on the southern border of Mexico. Between June 2017 and August 2018, a set of 149 households from three communities of Tapachula (Chiapas) and Villahermosa (Tabasco) were covered. This study consists of the application of a community prevention project. Different surveys and methodological approaches were used. Associations between socio-environmental determinants and knowledge and practices for arboviruses transmission control were estimated by odds ratio. Logistic regression and qualitative techniques were used. Although around 75% of households had an adequate knowledge about arboviruses' origin and transmission, only 30% of them adopted adequate practices. Domestic risk practices were associated with serious deficiencies in water and sanitation services. Furthermore, a perception of greater risk and difficulty in complying with preventive measures were detected. An adequate knowledge does not necessarily lead to adequate prevention practices. Intermediate social determinants influence on the persistence of risk behaviors for arboviruses proliferation. Addressing such related aspects requires the achievement of an effective and sustainable vector management.
Subject(s)
Aedes , Arboviruses , Chikungunya Fever , Dengue , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Animals , Brazil , Dengue/prevention & control , Humans , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract: The proliferation of arboviruses and their vectors is influenced by a complex interplay between vector, environment and human behaviors. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of socio-environmental determinants on knowledge and practices regarding arboviruses transmission, among the residents of three communities on the southern border of Mexico. Between June 2017 and August 2018, a set of 149 households from three communities of Tapachula (Chiapas) and Villahermosa (Tabasco) were covered. This study consists of the application of a community prevention project. Different surveys and methodological approaches were used. Associations between socio-environmental determinants and knowledge and practices for arboviruses transmission control were estimated by odds ratio. Logistic regression and qualitative techniques were used. Although around 75% of households had an adequate knowledge about arboviruses' origin and transmission, only 30% of them adopted adequate practices. Domestic risk practices were associated with serious deficiencies in water and sanitation services. Furthermore, a perception of greater risk and difficulty in complying with preventive measures were detected. An adequate knowledge does not necessarily lead to adequate prevention practices. Intermediate social determinants influence on the persistence of risk behaviors for arboviruses proliferation. Addressing such related aspects requires the achievement of an effective and sustainable vector management.
Resumen: La proliferación de los arbovirus y sus vectores está influenciada por la interacción compleja entre vectores, medio ambiente y comportamientos humanos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la influencia de los determinantes socioambientales sobre el conocimiento y las prácticas relacionadas con la transmisión de los arbovirus entre los residentes de tres comunidades en la frontera sur de México. Entre junio de 2017 y agosto de 2018, se estudiaron 149 domicilios en las comunidades de Tapachula (Chiapas) y Villahermosa (Tabasco). El estudio tuvo como base la aplicación de un proyecto de prevención comunitaria, utilizando diferentes encuestas y abordajes metodológicos. Se usaron odds ratios para estimar las asociaciones entre determinantes socioambientales y el conocimiento y prácticas para el control de la transmisión de los arbovirus, con el uso de regresión logística y técnicas cualitativas. Cerca de un 75% de los domicilios mostraban conocimiento adecuado sobre el origen y transmisión de los arbovirus, pero solamente un 30% habían adoptado prácticas apropiadas. Las prácticas de riesgo en los domicilios estaban asociadas a deficiencias significativas en los servicios de saneamiento y abastecimiento de agua. Además, se detectó la percepción de un mayor riesgo y de dificultad en adoptar medidas preventivas. El conocimiento adecuado no necesariamente conduce a prácticas preventivas adecuadas. Los determinantes sociales intermedios influencian la persistencia de comportamientos que actúan como factores de riesgo para la proliferación de los arbovirus. La gestión de vectores eficaz y sostenible es necesaria para lidiar con esos aspectos interrelacionados.
Resumo: A proliferação dos arbovírus e seus vetores é influenciada pela interação complexa entre vetores, meio ambiente e comportamentos humanos. O objetivo do estudo é de analisar a influência dos determinantes socioambientais sobre o conhecimento e as práticas relacionados à transmissão dos arbovírus entre os residentes de três comunidades na fronteira sul do México. Entre junho de 2017 e agosto de 2018, foram estudados 149 domicílios nas comunidades de Tapachula (Chiapas) e Villahermosa (Tabasco). O estudo teve como base a aplicação de um projeto de prevenção comunitária, utilizando diferentes inquéritos e abordagens metodológicas. Foram usadas odds ratios para estimar as associações entre determinantes socioambientais e conhecimento e práticas para controle da transmissão dos arbovírus, com o uso de regressão logística e técnicas qualitativas. Cerca de 75% dos domicílios mostravam conhecimento adequado sobre a origem e transmissão dos arbovírus, mas apenas 30% haviam adotado práticas apropriadas. As práticas de risco nos domicílios estavam associadas a deficiências significativas nos serviços de saneamento e abastecimento de água. Além disso, foi detectada a percepção de maior risco e de dificuldade em adotar medidas preventivas. O conhecimento adequado não necessariamente leva a práticas preventivas adequadas. Os determinantes sociais intermediários influenciam a persistência de comportamentos que agem como fatores de risco para a proliferação dos arbovírus. A gestão de vetores eficaz e sustentável é necessária para lidar com esses aspectos interrelacionados.
