Two new HLA class I alleles described in a Spanish individual, HLA-A*11:01:01:04 and HLA-B*35:330.

Two new HLA class I alleles, HLA-A*11:01:01:04 and HLA-B*35:330, were characterized in a Spanish patient.

Four new HLA class I alleles in Spaniards, HLA-A*32:01:23, HLA-B*18:01:24, HLA-B*18:72:02 and HLA-C*12:166.

Characterization of four new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles, A*32:01:23, B*18:01:24, B*18:72:02 and C*12:166.

Two new HLA-B35 subtypes characterized in Spaniards: HLA-B*35:270 and HLA-B*35:273.

Two new HLA-B*35 alleles, B*35:270 and B*35:273, were characterized in the Spanish population.

Frequency and influence of hemochromatosis gene mutations in kidney transplant recipients with or without hepatitis C virus infection.

Mutations in hemochromatosis gene cause an inappropriately high absorption of iron that induces iron overload and deposition in several tissues, such as liver, pancreas, and heart. Iron overload in the liver has been associated with a high risk of hepatocarcinoma and susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to describe the frequencies of HFE mutations among a kidney transplant population with versus without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and its influence on liver and kidney status parameters. We selected 3 populations: 2 groups of kidney transplant recipients-59 with and 60 without HCV infection-and a third control group of 50 healthy subjects. We collected clinical data concerning liver and kidney status, such as iron, ferritin, albumin, creatinine, gamma GGT, GOT, proteinuria, %prothrombin, and Bilirubin. HFE mutations among patients and controls were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism using DNA from the peripheral blood. We observed no significant difference with respect to the frequencies of HFE mutations between controls and patients with versus without HCV infection. Finally comparison of HFE positive versus negative mutation carriers in both groups suggest that any clinical parameter is associated with HFE mutations.

La contribución enfermera en operaciones de paz, catástrofes naturales y ayuda humanitaria / No disponible

Paralelamente a los cambios sociales que se desarrollanen cada etapa de la vida en el transcurso de la historia, laEnfermería, como profesión dinámica, se ha ido adaptandoa nuevos escenarios y nuevas realidades que traspasan elámbito cotidiano del desempeño de su trabajo.La profesión enfermera, ha ido evolucionando creándoseun espacio, ahora imprescindible, en áreas tan importantescomo la cooperación internacional y ayuda humanitaria.Esta ayuda humanitaria está regulada por las leyesdel Derecho Internacional y humanitario, y su contribuciónse basa en la prevención, asistencia y posteriorreconstrucción de la zona afectada, pudiéndose tratar deuna misión de paz o armada. Esta contribución ha puestomuchas veces en peligro la propia integridad del cooperanteenfermero. Esta evolución además ha evolucionadohacia estándares de alta cualificación basados en el rigorcientífico, tiene cada vez mayor protagonismo e implicaciónen temas de mantenimiento y promoción de la salud,no sólo en sociedades estructuradas, sino también enentornos de riesgo, socialmente vulnerables e inseguros(AU)

Parallel to the social changes taking place in everystage of life in the course of history nursing, and dynamicprofession, has adapted to new scenarios an new realitiesthan transcend the everyday level of job performance. Thenursing profession has evolved, creating a space, nowindispensable in such an important areas as internationalcooperation and humanitarian aid. This humanitarian aidis governed by the laws of international law and humanitarianlaw, and its contribution is based on prevention,assistance and the reconstruction of the affected area,being able to try a mission of peace or armed. The contributionhas often threatened the very integrity of the cooperatingnurse. This development has also evolvedtowards a higher qualification standards based on soundscience, is increasingly greater role and involvement inissues of maintenance and health promotion, not only instructured societies, even in environments of risk, sociallyvulnerable and insecure(AU)

Recomendaciones para una correcta manipulación de cargas por personal de cooperación internacional y de misiones humanitarias / No disponible

Los miembros de equipos de cooperación internacional y de misiones humanitarias, en muchas ocasiones se ven obligados a realizar tareas de manipulación de cargas no siendo profesionales de tales labores y por ello careciendo de los conocimientos, formación y experiencia precisas para hacerlo de forma que se minimice la posibilidad de aparición de lesiones que incluso pueden comprometer su papel en el resto de la misión. Este artículo pretende revisar las características y riesgos de la manipulación de cargas y proporcionar unas recomendaciones ergonómicas y de higiene postural para ejecutar esas tareas (AU)

Many times, the members of International Cooperation Teams and Humanitarian Missions staff have to do manual handling not being professionals for those tasks and lacking knowledge and experience to do that in a way that minimizes the chance of causing themselves an injury that could even risk their role in the rest of the Mission. This paper tries to review the characteristics and risks of manual handling and to offer ergonomical recommendations of postural hygiene to carry out those tasks (AU)

HLA molecular markers in Tuvinians: a population with both Oriental and Caucasoid characteristics.

HLA class I and class II alleles have been studied for the first time in the Turkish-speaking Tuvinian population, which lives in Russia, North of Mongolia and close to the Altai mountains. Comparisons have been done with about 11000 chromosomes from other worldwide populations, and extended haplotypes, genetic distances, neighbor joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses have been calculated. Tuvinians show an admixture of Mongoloid and Caucasoid characters, the latter probably coming from the ancient Kyrgyz background or, less feasibly, more recent Russian Caucasoid admixture. However, Siberian population traits are not found and thus Tuvinians are closer to Central Asian populations. Siberians are more related to Na-Dene and Eskimo American Indians; Amerindians (from nowadays Iberian--America) are not related to any other group, including Pacific Islanders, Siberians or other American Indians. The 'more than one wave' model for the peopling of the Americas is supported.

HLA alleles and haplotypes in the Turkish population: relatedness to Kurds, Armenians and other Mediterraneans.

Turkish and Kurdish HLA profiles are studied for the first time. The comparative study of their allele frequencies, characteristic haplotypes, genetic distances with other Mediterraneans is complemented by neighbor-joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses. Turks, Kurds, Armenians, Iranians, Jews, Lebanese and other (Eastern and Western) Mediterranean groups seem to share a common ancestry: the older "Mediterranean" substratum. No sign of the postulated Indo-European (Aryan) invasion (1200 B.C.) is detected by our genetic analysis. It is concluded that this invasion, if occurred, had a relatively few invaders in comparison to the already settled populations, i.e. Anatolian Hittite and Hurrian groups (older than 2000 B.C.). These may have given rise to present-day Kurdish, Armenian and Turkish populations.

HLA genes in Macedonians and the sub-Saharan origin of the Greeks.

HLA alleles have been determined in individuals from the Republic of Macedonia by DNA typing and sequencing. HLA-A, -B, -DR, -DQ allele frequencies and extended haplotypes have been for the first time determined and the results compared to those of other Mediterraneans, particularly with their neighbouring Greeks. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining dendrograms and correspondence analysis have been performed. The following conclusions have been reached: 1) Macedonians belong to the "older" Mediterranean substratum, like Iberians (including Basques), North Africans, Italians, French, Cretans, Jews, Lebanese, Turks (Anatolians), Armenians and Iranians, 2) Macedonians are not related with geographically close Greeks, who do not belong to the "older" Mediterranenan substratum, 3) Greeks are found to have a substantial relatedness to sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) people, which separate them from other Mediterranean groups. Both Greeks and Ethiopians share quasi-specific DRB1 alleles, such as *0305, *0307, *0411, *0413, *0416, *0417, *0420, *1110, *1112, *1304 and *1310. Genetic distances are closer between Greeks and Ethiopian/sub-Saharan groups than to any other Mediterranean group and finally Greeks cluster with Ethiopians/sub-Saharans in both neighbour joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses. The time period when these relationships might have occurred was ancient but uncertain and might be related to the displacement of Egyptian-Ethiopian people living in pharaonic Egypt.