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1.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol ; 35(4): 641-650, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38240356

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is a novel therapeutic approach for functional bradyarrhythmias, specifically neurocardiogenic syncope or atrial fibrillation, achieved through endocardial radiofrequency catheter ablation of vagal innervation, obviating the need for pacemaker implantation. Originating in the nineties, the first series of CNA procedures was published in 2005. Extra-cardiac vagal stimulation (ECVS) is employed as a direct method for stepwise denervation control during CNA. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the long-term follow-up outcomes of patients with severe cardioinhibitory syncope undergoing CNA with and without denervation confirmation via ECVS. METHOD: A cohort of 48 patients, predominantly female (56.3%), suffering from recurrent syncope (5.1 ± 2.5 episodes annually) that remained unresponsive to clinical and pharmacological interventions, underwent CNA, divided into two groups: ECVS and NoECVS, consisting of 34 and 14 cases, respectively. ECVS procedures were conducted with and without atrial pacing. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics, left atrial size, and ejection fraction displayed no statistically significant differences between the groups. Follow-up duration was comparable, with 29.1 ± 15 months for the ECVS group and 31.9 ± 20 months for the NoECVS group (p = .24). Notably, syncope recurrence was significantly lower in the ECVS group (two cases vs. four cases, Log Rank p = .04). Moreover, the Hazard ratio revealed a fivefold higher risk of syncope recurrence in the NoECVS group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that concluding CNA with denervation confirmation via ECVS yields a higher success rate and a substantially reduced risk of syncope recurrence compared to procedures without ECVS confirmation.


Subject(s)
Syncope, Vasovagal , Humans , Female , Male , Syncope, Vasovagal/diagnosis , Syncope, Vasovagal/surgery , Syncope , Heart Atria , Bradycardia/surgery , Vagus Nerve/surgery
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 113(2 supl.1): 18-18, set., 2019.
Article in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1021296

ABSTRACT

Confirmar se a condução ventrículoatrial [CVA] ocorre por via normal ou anômala [VA] é fundamental no diagnóstico e ablação [ABL] de taquicardias supraventriculares [TSV]. Neste estudo propomos uma alternativa de confirmar a presença de VAs ocultas, através da estimulação vagal extracardíaca [EVEC] considerando que esta bloqueia a condução pelo nó AV. MÉTODOS: 26 pcts, 27,9±15anos, 15(57,7%) sexo feminino, portadores de TSV: reentrada nodal [RN] 5(19%) e reentrada AV [RAV] 21(81%) com ou sem pré-excitação, submetidos à ABL por RF. A partir da punção femoral e veias jugulares internas D ou E, um cateter foi avançado até o nível do maxilar superior para EVEC(30Hz/50µs/0,5 a 1V/kg até 70V) sem contato com o vago. A CVA foi testada com e sem EVEC durante estimulação ventricular[EV], pré e pós-ABL. RESULTADOS: Em todos os casos, foi possível obter intensa ação vagal com supressão reversível do nó sinusal e nó AV. Antes da ABL, a CVA estava presente em todos os casos e foi bloqueada pela EVEC apenas nos casos sem VAs. Após a ABL, a CVA foi completamente bloqueada pela EVEC em todos os casos, mas reapareceu em um pct de RN. Em todos pct de RAV, a CVA não foi bloqueada pela EVEC pré-ABL, mas desapareceu ou foi bloqueada pela EVEC pós-ABL (tabela). CONCLUSÃO: O bloqueio da CVA por EVEC sugere ausência ou eliminação com sucesso de vias anômalas. O ressurgimento da CVA resistente à EVEC pós-ABL em uma RN pode ser explicado pela denervação nodal AV pela ABL do 3º gânglio cardíaco durante ABL da via lenta. Estes dados sugerem que a EVEC pode ser muito útil para revelar VAs anômalas septais difíceis que se confundem com a CVA por vias normais. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tachycardia, Supraventricular , Catheter Ablation
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 104(1): 45-52, 01/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-741127

ABSTRACT

Background: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist in a deleterious cycle. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction and AF treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Methods: Patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction [ejection fraction (EF) <50%] and AF refractory to drug therapy underwent stepwise RF ablation in the same session with pulmonary vein isolation, ablation of AF nests and of residual atrial tachycardia, named "background tachycardia". Clinical (NYHA functional class) and echocardiographic (EF, left atrial diameter) data were compared (McNemar test and t test) before and after ablation. Results: 31 patients (6 women, 25 men), aged 37 to 77 years (mean, 59.8±10.6), underwent RF ablation. The etiology was mainly idiopathic (19 p, 61%). During a mean follow-up of 20.3±17 months, 24 patients (77%) were in sinus rhythm, 11 (35%) being on amiodarone. Eight patients (26%) underwent more than one procedure (6 underwent 2 procedures, and 2 underwent 3 procedures). Significant NYHA functional class improvement was observed (pre-ablation: 2.23±0.56; postablation: 1.13±0.35; p<0.0001). The echocardiographic outcome also showed significant ventricular function improvement (EF pre: 44.68%±6.02%, post: 59%±13.2%, p=0.0005) and a significant left atrial diameter reduction (pre: 46.61±7.3 mm; post: 43.59±6.6 mm; p=0.026). No major complications occurred. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AF ablation in patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction is a safe and highly effective procedure. Arrhythmia control has a great impact on ventricular function recovery and functional class improvement. .


Fundamento: Insuficiência cardíaca e fibrilação atrial (FA) frequentemente coexistem em um ciclo deletério. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução clínica e ecocardiográfica de portadores de disfunção ventricular e FA tratados com ablação por radiofrequência (RF). Métodos: Portadores de disfunção sistólica [fração de ejeção (FE) < 50%] e FA rebelde a tratamento clínico foram submetidos à ablação por RF escalonada em três etapas na mesma sessão com isolamento das veias pulmonares, ablação dos ninhos de FA, pesquisa e ablação de taquicardias atriais e "taquicardia de background". Os dados clínicos (classe funcional da NYHA) e ecocardiográficos (FE; diâmetro do átrio esquerdo) pré- e pós-procedimento foram comparados (teste de McNemar e teste t, respectivamente). Resultados: 31 pacientes (6 mulheres, 25 homens) de 37 a 77 anos (média, 59,8 ± 11 anos) foram submetidos à ablação por RF. A cardiopatia foi predominantemente idiopática (19 p; 61%). Na evolução média de 20,3 ± 17 meses, 24 pacientes (77%) estavam em ritmo sinusal, sendo 11 (35%) com amiodarona. Oito pacientes (26%) foram submetidos a mais de um procedimento (6 submetidos a 2 procedimentos e 2 a 3 procedimentos). Observou-se melhora expressiva da classe funcional da NYHA (pré-ablação: 2,23 ± 0,56; pós: 1,13 ± 0,35; p < 0,0001). A avaliação ecocardiográfica evolutiva também mostrou melhora significativa da função ventricular (FE pré: 44,68% ± 6,02%; pós: 59% ± 13,2%; p = 0,0005) e redução significativa no diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (pré: 46,61 ± 7,3 mm; pós: 43,59 ± 6,6 mm; p = 0,026). Não ocorreram complicações maiores. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que ablação de FA em portadores de disfunção ventricular seja um procedimento seguro e com eficácia elevada a médio prazo. O controle da arritmia tem grande impacto na recuperação da função ventricular e na melhora clínica avaliada pela classe funcional. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Heart Failure, Systolic/surgery , Ventricular Dysfunction/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Atrial Fibrillation , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Electrocardiography , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Heart Atria , Heart Failure, Systolic/physiopathology , Heart Failure, Systolic , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction
4.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 104(1): 45-52, 2015 Jan.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25387404

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist in a deleterious cycle. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction and AF treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation. METHODS: Patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction [ejection fraction (EF) <50%] and AF refractory to drug therapy underwent stepwise RF ablation in the same session with pulmonary vein isolation, ablation of AF nests and of residual atrial tachycardia, named "background tachycardia". Clinical (NYHA functional class) and echocardiographic (EF, left atrial diameter) data were compared (McNemar test and t test) before and after ablation. RESULTS: 31 patients (6 women, 25 men), aged 37 to 77 years (mean, 59.8 ± 10.6), underwent RF ablation. The etiology was mainly idiopathic (19 p, 61%). During a mean follow-up of 20.3 ± 17 months, 24 patients (77%) were in sinus rhythm, 11 (35%) being on amiodarone. Eight patients (26%) underwent more than one procedure (6 underwent 2 procedures, and 2 underwent 3 procedures). Significant NYHA functional class improvement was observed (pre-ablation: 2.23 ± 0.56; postablation: 1.13 ± 0.35; p < 0.0001). The echocardiographic outcome also showed significant ventricular function improvement (EF pre: 44.68% ± 6.02%, post: 59% ± 13.2%, p = 0.0005) and a significant left atrial diameter reduction (pre: 46.61 ± 7.3 mm; post: 43.59 ± 6.6 mm; p = 0.026). No major complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that AF ablation in patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction is a safe and highly effective procedure. Arrhythmia control has a great impact on ventricular function recovery and functional class improvement.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Heart Failure, Systolic/surgery , Ventricular Dysfunction/surgery , Adult , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnostic imaging , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Electrocardiography , Female , Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Heart Failure, Systolic/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure, Systolic/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
5.
In. Pachón Mateos, José Carlos; Pachón Mateos, Enrique Indalécio. Marca-passos, desfibriladores e ressincronizadores cardíacos: noções fundamentais para o clínico. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2014. p.107-130, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1084242
6.
In. Pachón Mateos, José Carlos; Pachón Mateos, Enrique Indalécio. Marca-passos, desfibriladores e ressincronizadores cardíacos: noções fundamentais para o clínico. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2014. p.301-312, ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1084251
7.
Europace ; 13(9): 1231-42, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21712276

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Neurally meditated reflex or neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope (NMS) is usually mediated by a massive vagal reflex. This study reports the long-term outcome of NMS therapy based on endocardial radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of the cardiac vagal nervous system aiming permanent attenuation or elimination of the cardioinhibitory reflex (cardioneuroablation). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 43 patients (18F/25M, 32.9 ± 15 years) without apparent cardiopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction=68.6 ± 5%) were included. All had recurrent NMS (4.7 ± 2 syncope/patient) with important cardioinhibition (pauses=13.5 ± 13 s) at head-up tilt test (HUT), normal electrocardiogram (ECG), and normal atropine test (AT). The patients underwent atrial endocardial RF ablation using spectral mapping to track the neurocardiac interface (AF Nest Mapping). The follow-up (FU) consisted of clinical evaluation, ECG (1 month/every 6 months/or symptoms), Holter (every 6 months/or symptoms), HUT (≥ 4 months/or symptoms), and AT (end of ablation and ≥ 6 months). A total of 44 ablations (48 ± 9 points/patient) were performed. Merely three cases of spontaneous syncope occurred in 45.1 ± 22 months (two vasodepressor, one undefined). Only four partial cardioinhibitory responses occurred in post-ablation HUT without pauses or asystole (sinus bradycardia). Long-term AT (21.7 ± 11 months post) was negative in 33 (76.7%, P < 0.01), partially positive in 7(16.3%), and normal in three patients only (6.9%) reflecting long-term vagal denervation (AT-Δ%HR pre 79.4% × 23.2% post). The post-ablation stress test and Holter showed no abnormalities. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Endocardial RF catheter ablation of severe neurally meditated reflex syncope prevented pacemaker implantation and showed excellent long-term results in well selected patients. Despite no action in vasodepression it seems to cause enough long-term vagal reflex attenuation, eliminating the cardioinhibition, and keeping most patients asymptomatic. Indication was based on clinical symptoms, reproduction of severe cardioinhibitory syncope, and normal atropine response.


Subject(s)
Catheter Ablation , Syncope, Vasovagal/surgery , Adult , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents , Atropine , Bradycardia/diagnosis , Bradycardia/physiopathology , Bradycardia/surgery , Electrocardiography , Female , Heart/innervation , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Syncope, Vasovagal/diagnosis , Syncope, Vasovagal/physiopathology , Tilt-Table Test , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
8.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 20(3): 302-313, jul.-set. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-574277

ABSTRACT

O surgimento de novos antiarritmicos e anticoagulantes e o grande avanço da ablação por radiofrequência na fibrilação atrial justificam a frequente revisao de conduta nessa que é a arrtmia sustentada mais frequente. Nos Estados Unidos, existem mais de 5 milhões de portadores, número que deverá triplicar até 2050. Ocorre em 10 por cento das pessoas com mais de 80 anos. Além dos sintomas, problemas hemodinâmicos e taquicardiomiopatia, essa arritmia acrescenta considerável risco de tromboembolismo. No Brasil, 26 por cento dos pacientes com mais de 80 anos que já tiveram acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico são portadores de fibrilação atrial. Mesmo na fibrilação atrial isolada, sem cardiopatia estrutural, o risco de tromboembolismo duplica e na fibrilação atrial da cardiopatia reumática o risco pode chegar a 17 vezes em relação à população normal. O tratamento com marca-passos ou com desfibriladores atriais não mostrou benefício ou aplicabilidade clínica. Nos últimos anos, novas drogas foram introduzidas; entretanto, o tratamento não-farmacológico, possibilidade de cura da fibrilação atrial e suspensão dos medicamentos, representa ao mesmo tempo o grande desafio e a grande aspiração da eletrofisiologia moderna. Nesse sentido, novos avanços no entendimento da fisiopatologia permitiram aumentar a taxa de sucesso da ablação por radiofrequência, tornando-a uma opção altamente atrativa e segura mesmo nos casos que, apesar de boa resposta, são altamente dependentes de medicação.


The development of new antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants and the great advance of radiofrequency ablation in atrial fibrillation treatment justify a frequent review of the conduct against the most frequent types of sustained arrhythmia. In the USA there are over 5 million patients with atrial fibrillation, and this figure is likely to triple by 2050. It is observed in over 10% of people over 80 years of age. In addition to the symptoms, hemodynamic problems and tachycardiomyopathy, this arrhythmia has a considerable risk of thromboembolism. In Brazil, 26% of the patients over 80 years of age who have had a ischemic stroke have atrial fibrillation. Even in cases of atrial fibrillation alone, without structural heart disease, there is a 2-fold increase of the risk of thromboembolism and it may be up to 17 times higher than in the normal population in atrial fibrillation caused by rheumatic heart disease. The treatment with intelligent pacemakers or with atrial defibrillators has not shown any benefit or clinical applicability. In the last years new drugs have been introduced, however, non-pharmacological treatment with the possibility of curing atrial fibrillation and the discontinuation of drugs is a great challenge and the major hope of modern electrophysiology. New advances in the understanding of this pathophysiology have increased the success rate of radiofrequency ablation, making it an attractive and safe option in cases which, despite the good results, are highly dependent on medication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Catheter Ablation/methods , Catheter Ablation , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Pacemaker, Artificial
9.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 89(3): 124-34, 140-50, 2007 Sep.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17906812

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Two types of myocardia can be observed through the endocardial spectral mapping (SM) in sinus rhythm: the compact type with a smooth spectrum and the fibrillar type with a segmented spectrum (atrial fibrillation nests). During the atrial fibrillation (AF), the compact type has an organized activation and low frequency (passive), whereas the fibrillar type has a rather disorganized activation and high frequency (active/resonant), with both being activated by high-frequency sustained tachycardia--the background tachycardia (BT). OBJECTIVE: To describe the treatment of AF by the ablation of the AF nests and BT. METHODS: 1) Catheter ablation of the AF nests with RF [4/8 mm-60 masculine/30-40 J/30s] guided by SM in sinus rhythm, outside the pulmonary vein; 2) atrial stimulation -300 ppm; 3) Additional ablation of the AF nests if AF is induced; 4) Focal ablation if BT and/or Flutter is induced; 5) Clinical follow-up+ ECG+ Holter. RESULTS: A total of 50+/-18 AF nests/patient were treated. After 11.3+/-8 m, 81 patients (88%) did not present AF (28.3% with antiarrhythmic drugs). After the ablation of the AF nests, AF was not reinduced in 61 patients (71%) and BT was induced and treated in 24 patients (26%). There were two episodes of pericardial bleeding (1 treated clinically and 1 surgically), caused by sheaths that are no longer used CONCLUSION: The SM in sinus rhythm can be used in the ablation of AF nests. During the AF, the AF nests present a reactive-resonant pattern and the compact myocardium is passive, stimulated by the high frequency of the BT. After the ablation of the AF nests and the BT, it was not possible to reinduce the sustained AF. The Ablation of AF nests outside the pulmonary veins showed to be safe and highly effective in the cure and/or clinical control of the AF.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Tachycardia/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Catheter Ablation/standards , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Veins/surgery , Tachycardia/physiopathology
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 89(3): 140-150, set. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-462004

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Através de mapeamento espectral-(ME) endocárdico em ritmo sinusal, observam-se dois tipos de miocárdio atrial: o compacto de espectro liso e o fibrilar de espectro segmentado ("Ninho de FA" [NFA]). Durante a FA o compacto tem ativação organizada e baixa freqüência (passivo) enquanto o fibrilar apresenta ativação bastante desorganizada e alta freqüência (ativo/ressonante) sendo ambos ativados por uma taquicardia protegida de alta freqüência, taquicardia de background (TB). OBJETIVO: Descrever o tratamento da FA pela ablação dos NFA e da TB. MÉTODOS: 1) Ablação por cateter-RF [4/8mm-60°/30-40J/30s] dos NFA guiada por ME em ritmo sinusal, fora das veias pulmonares; 2) Estimulação atrial-300ppm; 3) Ablação adicional de NFA se induzida FA; 4) Ablação focal se induzida TB e/ou Flutter; 5) Seguimento clínico+ECG+Holter. RESULTADOS: Foram tratados 50±18 NFA/paciente. Após 11,3±8m 81p (88 por cento) estavam sem FA (28,3 por cento com antiarrítmico). Após a ablação dos NFA: a FA não foi reinduzida em 61p(71 por cento); TB foi induzida e tratada em 24p(26 por cento). Ocorreram 2 sangramentos pericárdicos (1 tratado clinicamente e 1 cirurgicamente) ocasionados por bainhas não mais utilizadas. CONCLUSÃO: O ME em ritmo sinusal ablaciona os NFA. Durante a FA os NFA apresentam um padrão reativo-ressonante e o miocárdio compacto apresenta-se passivo, estimulados pela alta freqüência da TB. Após a ablação dos NFA e da TB não foi possível reinduzir FA sustentada. A ablação dos NFA fora das VP se mostrou segura e altamente eficiente para a cura e/ou o controle clínico da FA.


BACKGROUND: Two types of myocardia can be observed through the endocardial spectral mapping (SM) in sinus rhythm: the compact type with a smooth spectrum and the fibrillar type with a segmented spectrum (atrial fibrillation nests). During the atrial fibrillation (AF), the compact type has an organized activation and low frequency (passive), whereas the fibrillar type has a rather disorganized activation and high frequency (active/resonant), with both being activated by high-frequency sustained tachycardia - the background tachycardia (BT). OBJECTIVE: To describe the treatment of AF by the ablation of the AF nests and BT. METHODS: 1) Catheter ablation of the AF nests with RF [4/8mm-60°/30-40J/30s] guided by SM in sinus rhythm, outside the pulmonary vein; 2) atrial stimulation -300ppm; 3) Additional ablation of the AF nests if AF is induced; 4) Focal ablation if BT and/or Flutter is induced; 5)Clinical follow-up+ ECG+ Holter. RESULTS: A total of 50±18 AF nests/patient were treated. After 11.3±8m, 81 patients (88 percent) did not present AF (28.3 percent with antiarrhythmic drugs). After the ablation of the AF nests, AF was not reinduced in 61 patients (71 percent) and BT was induced and treated in 24 patients (26 percent). There were two episodes of pericardial bleeding (1 treated clinically and 1 surgically), caused by sheaths that are no longer used CONCLUSION: The SM in sinus rhythm can be used in the ablation of AF nests. During the AF, the AF nests present a reactive-resonant pattern and the compact myocardium is passive, stimulated by the high frequency of the BT. After the ablation of the AF nests and the BT, it was not possible to reinduce the sustained AF. The Ablation of AF nests outside the pulmonary veins showed to be safe and highly effective in the cure and/or clinical control of the AF.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Tachycardia/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Catheter Ablation/standards , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Follow-Up Studies , Pulmonary Veins/surgery , Tachycardia/physiopathology
11.
In. Ghorayeb, Nabil; Dioguardi, Giuseppe S. Tratado de Cardiologia do exercício e do esporte. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2007. p.455-471.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1070959
12.
REBLAMPA Rev. bras. latinoam. marcapasso arritmia ; 19(4): 231-237, out.-dez. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-465734

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A estimulação endocárdica convencional na ponta ou na região subtricuspídea do ventrículo direito ocasiona grande alargamento do QRS e importante ressincronização do ventriculo esquerdo, comprometendo a função ventricular. Com o surgimento da estimulação bifocal do ventrículo direito (VD) e frente à necessidade de uma estimulação cardíaca menos deletéria, a estimulação septal do VD tem sido cada vez mais utilizada. Eventualmente, há relatos de estimulação mais altos e ondas R menores na estimulação septal. Objetivo: Comparar os parâmetros eletrofisiológicos das estimulações apical e septal, no mesmo paciente, para verificar se existem diferenças capazes de interferir na escolha do ponto de estimulação...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Bradycardia , Heart Diseases/etiology , Pacemaker, Artificial
13.
Pacing clin. electrophysiol ; 29: 318-322, 25out2005. ilus
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1065120

ABSTRACT

A 23-year-old-female patient had undergone a very successful gastric banding surgery to treat obesity. Sixmonths later she began to present recurrent syncope due to very frequent, intermittent high-degree AV block referred to as pacemaker implantation. The electrophysiological study showed impaired AV nodalconduction but the His-Purkinje conduction was preserved. Partial catheter radiofrequency ablation of thecardiac autonomic nervous system guided by spectral endocardial mapping (cardioneuroablation) was performed. The electrophysiological parameters were normalized. Holter recordings were normal and the patient was asymptomatic with normal life without pacemaker implantation in a follow-up 21 months later.


Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Humans , Electrophysiology , Gastrectomy/methods , Obesity/surgery , Weight Loss , Syncope/diagnosis
14.
Europace ; 7: 1-13, 2005.
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1062742

ABSTRACT

Cardiac neuroablation is a new technique for management of patients with dominantly adverse parasympathetic autonomic influence. The technique is based on radiofrequency (RF) ablation of autonomic connections in the three main ganglia around the heart. Their connections are identified by Fast-Fourier Transforms (FFTs) of endocardial signals: sites of autonomic nervous connections show fractionated signals with FFTs shifted to the right. In contrast, normal myocardium without these connections does not show these features. RF-ablation is thought to inflict permanent damage on the parasympathetic autonomic influence because its cells are adjacent to the heart whereas sympathetic cells are remote. Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 48 years, neurally mediated reflex syncope in six, functional high grade atrioventricular block in seven and sinus node dysfunction in 13 (there is overlap between the second and third groups) were treated. Follow-up for a mean of 9.2 months demonstrated success in all cases with relief of symptoms. No complications occurred.


Subject(s)
Catheter Ablation , Arrhythmia, Sinus , Heart Block , Syncope, Vasovagal
15.
Europace ; 6(6): 590-601, nov 2004.
Article in English | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1062740

ABSTRACT

By studying the spectrum of atrial potentials by fast Fourier transform (FFT) we have found two types of atrial muscle: the compact (CM) and the fibrillar (FM) myocardium. The former presents normal in-phase conduction inferring a great number of cellular connections, long-lasting refractoriness and left ward FFT-shift. The latter shows anisotropic out-of-phase conduction, fewer cellular connections, short refractoriness and a segmented right-FFT-shift. The compact is the normal predominant muscle and the fibrillar is different and may be neural input, vein insertion, interatrial (IA) septum, left atrial (LA) roof, etc. or pathological tissue, being so by loss of cellular connections this is a possible mechanism for conversion of compact into fibrillar-like myocardium. During atrial fibrillation (AF), clusters of FM (AF nests) present higher frequencies than any surrounding tissue. Purpose The purpose was to describe a new method for paroxysmal AF RFablation targeting AF nests. Method Forty patients, six control and 34 having idiopathic drug-refractory paroxysmal or persistent AF were studied and treated. Two catheters were placed in the LA by transseptal approach. RF (30e40 J/60e70 (C) was applied to all sites outside the pulmonary veins (PV) presenting right-FFT-shift (AF nests). Results Numerous AF nests were found in 34/34 AF patients and only in 1/6 controls (only in this case was it possible to induce AF despite an absence of AF history). The main FM sites were: LA roof, LA septum, close to the insertion of the superior PV, near the insertion of the inferior PV, LA posterior wall, RA near the superior vena cava insertion, RA lateral and anterior wall and the right IA septum. Ablation of all AF nests near PV insertions resulted in 35 PV isolations.


Subject(s)
Catheter Ablation , Electrophysiology , Atrial Fibrillation , Veins
16.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 14(2): 250-259, mar.-abr. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-406403

ABSTRACT

As indicações de marcapasso têm sido bastante ampliadas nos últimos anos. No início da década de 60, os marcapassos eram utilizados somente para bloqueios atrioventriculares de 3ºgrau com síncope; porém, logo após o surgimento dos sistemas de demanda, passaram a ser utilizados em bloqueios menos graves e na doença do nó sinusal. Atualmente, os marcapassos, além das bradiarritmias, são empregados no tratamento das síndromes neuromediadas, da fibrilação atrial, da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e da insuficiência cardíaca, da síndrome do QT longo, na incopetência cronotrópica, para controle em longo prazo de rejeição em transplante cardíaco, e até mesmo em casos muito peculiares de bloqueio atrioventricular de 1ºgrau.Os desfibriladores cardíacos que há alguns anos necessitavam que o paciente fosse recuperado de pelo menos dois episódios de morte súbita atualmente já são indicados mesmo no tratamento primário, ou seja, antes do primeiro episódio. Além disso, têm sido recomendados no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca em associação com os ressincronizadores


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Pacemaker, Artificial/trends , Pacemaker, Artificial , Syncope/diagnosis , Syncope/physiopathology , Syncope/prevention & control , Heart Block/physiopathology , Bradycardia/physiopathology
17.
In. Lopes, Antonio Carlos; Pachón Mateos, José Carlos; Pachón Mateos, Enrique Indalécio. Arritmias cardíacas. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2004. p.245-263, ilus. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1069287
18.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 13(5): 643-654, set.-out. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-364538

ABSTRACT

Apesar do progressivo controle sanitário, existem, ainda, 100 milhões de pessoas expostas ao risco da doença de Chagas na América Latina, que permanece, nessa região, como uma das principais causas de morte súbita, depois da coronariopatia. Aproximadamente 50 por cento dos óbitos são de natureza súbita, 40 por cento são decorrentes de insuficiência cardíaca terminal e 10 por cento devem-se a fenômenos embólicos, principalmente cerebrais. Em geral, os pacientes que falecem subitamente têm comprometimento miocárdico menos extenso que aqueles que falecem por insuficiência cardíaca, porém apresentam taquiarritmias mais complexas e sustentadas. De modo geral, iniciamos o tratamento das taquiarritmias na doença de Chagas com a amiodarona, desde que não haja contra-indicação eletrocardiográfica e/ou clínica. O sotalol também é uma boa opção, isoladamente ou associado a amiodarona, na ausência de QT longo e de cardiomiopatia grave. Se houver recidiva da arritmia, é recomendável a realização de um estudo hemodinâmico para a pesquisa de aneurismas e de um estudo eletrofisiológico invasivo com estimulação ventricular programada. A presença de taquicardia relacionada a aneurisma deve ser tratada cirurgicamente. Se não houver aneurisma, desde que a arritmia permita o mapeamento, deve-se utilizar a ablação por radiofreqüência. Caso isso não seja possível ou não tenha sucesso, indica-se o desfibrilador-cardioversor automático implantável.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Sotalol , Amiodarone , Electric Countershock/methods , Chagas Disease/complications , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/therapy , Death, Sudden/etiology , Tachycardia , Time Factors , Risk Factors , Cardiomyopathies , Defibrillators, Implantable , Ventricular Fibrillation , Heart Ventricles
19.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 15(1): 44-54, jan.-mar. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-255093

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O alargamento do QRS pela estimulação ventricular artificial (EVa) convencional prejudica a contratilidade cardíaca e a função mitral. OBJETIVO: Propôr um modo alternativo de EVa com QRS mais estreito, com 2 eletrodos em ventrículo direito(VD) e testá-lo frente à EVa convencional. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Cinco pacientes com indicação para implantação de marcapasso definitivo(MP), 4M/1F, idade média de 52,2 anos, portadores de ICC (III/IV) por miocardiopatia dilatada (Chagas 4, Indeterminada 1), AC 3+/4+, FA crônica com BAV, foram submetidos a implante de MP endocárdico com 2 eletrodos em VD, o primeiro na área do feixe de His (septal) e o segundo, convencional, na ponta do VD. O gerador foi Biotronik Dromos DR (único com AV mínimo de 15ms). O eletrodo septal foi conectado à saída atrial e o de ponta à saída ventricular. Após 2 semanas, os pacientes foram avaliados ecocardiograficamente, na mesma sessão, em 3 modos de estimulação na mesma freqüência: modo "AAI" (septal), modo VVI (convencional) e modo "DDT" com intervalo AV=15ms (estimulação bifocal no VD quase simultânea). RESULTADOS: As médias dos parâmetros estudados estão na tabela abaixo: (ver texto) CONCLUSÃO: Sob o ponto de vista ecocardiográfico, a comparação imediata no mesmo paciente dos 3 modos de estimulação revelou: 1-O modo convencional foi o de pior rendimento hemodinâmico; 2-O modo bifocal mostrou o melhor resultado com aumento médio da FE em 6,8 porcento e do DC em 0,6 l/min, redução média do AE em 7,5 cm2, redução média da área de refluxo mitral em 7,6 cm2 e redução média na duração do QRS em 61 ms, (p < 0,03), sendo a melhor EVa na miocardiopatia dilatada com insuficiência cardíaca, insuficiência mitral funcional e indicação de MP


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiac Output, Low/surgery , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Echocardiography , Heart Ventricles
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 73(6): 485-98, Dec. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-262243

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new more efficient method of endocardial cardiac stimulation, which produces a narrower QRS without using the coronary sinus or cardiac veins. METHODS: We studied 5 patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic atrial fibrillation and AV block, who underwent definitive endocardial pacemaker implantation, with 2 leads, in the RV, one in the apex and the other in the interventricular septum (sub pulmonary), connected, respectively, to ventricular and atrial bicameral pacemaker outputs. Using Doppler echocardiography, we compared, in the same patient, conventional (VVI), high septal ("AAI") and bifocal ("DDT" with AV interval @ 0) stimulation. RESULTS: The RV bifocal stimulation had the best results with an increase in ejection fraction and cardiac output and reduction in QRS duration, mitral regurgitation and in the left atrium area (p < or = 0.01). The conventional method of stimulation showed the worst result. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, when left ventricular stimulation is not possible, right ventricular bifocal stimulation should be used in patients with severe cardiomyopathy where a pacemaker is indicated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Chronic Disease , Electrodes, Implanted , Heart Block/therapy , Heart Ventricles , Mitral Valve Insufficiency , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/therapy
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