ABSTRACT
Kernels of five wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) of different bread-making quality were examined. Grown under field conditions, heads of wheat were inoculated in the flowering stage with an aqueous suspension of Fusarium culmorum conidia. Wheat heads were collected from the control and inoculated plots at full maturity. Control (non-inoculated) kernels without any symptoms of disease and Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Examination of the FDK fraction confirmed localisation of Fusarium hyphae on the surface and inside the tissues of kernels. Observations of the endosperm from Fusarium infected kernels revealed presence of fungal hyphae in the endosperm and some characteristic structural changes in many of its regions, such as partial or complete lack of the protein matrix, damage to large and small starch granules caused by fungal amylolytic enzymes, disappearance of small starch granules as the colonisation progressed, complete disappearance of the starchy endosperm under severe infection. Fungal colonisation of the endosperm and structural changes in its area were highly variable traits within the FDK fraction of a given cultivar.
Subject(s)
Fusarium/pathogenicity , Triticum/microbiology , Triticum/ultrastructure , Food Contamination/analysis , Food Microbiology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Plant Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
Nursing case management is a blend of individual case- and/or disease-management activities used in urban hospitals or community health settings. The authors propose that in rural communities, a third form of case management is also used. Nursing case management in the rural community has a broader and more diverse scope of practice than nurse case managers practicing in urban settings.
Subject(s)
Case Management/organization & administration , Models, Nursing , Nurse's Role , Rural Health Services/organization & administration , Community Health Nursing/organization & administration , Cooperative Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Policy , Health Promotion , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Job Description , Leadership , Nursing Research/organization & administration , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Patient Advocacy , Patient Education as Topic , Primary Prevention , Professional Autonomy , Professional Competence , Total Quality Management , Vulnerable PopulationsSubject(s)
Electric Countershock/nursing , Patient Care Planning , Prostheses and Implants , Aged , Critical Care , Female , Hospitals, Community , HumansABSTRACT
Risk reduction for coronary artery disease (CAD) is a goal of health providers. The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) adults' knowledge about CAD; 2) if adults who have risk for CAD also practice health-promoting behaviors; and, 3) if there is a correlation among adults' practice of health-promoting behaviors, health locus of control, value of health, and knowledge of CAD risk factors. Findings indicate that subjects were knowledgeable about personal CAD risk, and those with higher CAD risk knowledge also practiced more health-promoting behaviors. Subjects had less knowledge about elevated cholesterol levels, diabetes, and use of oral contraceptives. Additional findings suggest that individuals' beliefs about control over their health, health value, and knowledge about CAD risk factors are related to their participation in health-promoting behaviors.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion , Coronary Disease/epidemiology , Coronary Disease/nursing , Female , Holistic Health , Humans , Internal-External Control , Male , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The effect of mycotoxins DON, DAS and F-2 on actively dividing cells of cereals and field bean was studied. In general, mycotoxins resulted in a decrease of mitotic activity. However, the F-2 treatment increased the mitotic index in rye. DON appeared a strong inhibitor of cell divisions in wheat and field bean. DAS retarded divisions at the stage of methaphase and changes spiralization and colourabi1ity of metaphase chromosomes. The cytological picture of the DAS-treated cells indicates that this compound disturbs the functioning of the karyokinetic spindle leading to the formation of cells of multiplied number of chromosomes.
ABSTRACT
This article reviews the literature relevant to quality of life. It begins with a historical perspective, definition and measurement of quality of life and an overview of quality of life in chronic illness; proceeds to an overview of quality of life of cardiac patients; and concludes with an application to practice. The article includes issues related to measurement relevant to both researchers and consumers of data. In addition, concerns regarding measurement of quality of life components are reviewed and applications of quality of life data using a nursing approach are described.
Subject(s)
Heart Diseases/psychology , Quality of Life , Chronic Disease/psychology , Heart Diseases/nursing , Heart Diseases/rehabilitation , HumansABSTRACT
This study describes the quality of life of adults after a heart transplant. Based on Chrisman and Fowler's systems-in-change model, 22 subjects were interviewed using the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire and the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale. The greatest improvement in quality of life of these subjects was in physical function but benefit was also noted in social and emotional function, with overall quality of life being excellent.
Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Quality of Life , Adult , Emotions , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
The quality of life of 51 elderly subjects enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation is described to devise strategies for improving QOL as an outcome of a therapeutic regimen. Based on Chrisman and Fowler's Systems-in-Change Model, physical function, social function, and emotional function were assessed via the McMaster Health Index Questionnaire and the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale during participation in cardiac rehabilitation. The greatest benefit of cardiac rehabilitation to subjects was in physical function, but benefits were also noted in social and emotional function.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Heart Diseases/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Activities of Daily Living , Aged , Emotions , Female , Heart Diseases/psychology , Humans , Male , Models, Theoretical , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
The effects ofF. culmorum andF. Nivale metabolites on grain viability seedlings growth rate, mitotic activity and aberration frequency were studied. It was stated that metabolites which were contained in studiedFusaria culture filtrates decreased seed viability and inhibited growth rate of triticale, rye and wheat seedlings. The decline of mitotic activity and increase of aberration frequency under the effect of studied metabolites were noted. Metabolites of F. culmorum appeared to be more phytotoxic than metabolites ofF. nivale.
ABSTRACT
The infestation of triticale grains by Fusaria and responses of four cultivars on artifical infection of three Fusarium species were studied. Mycelium penetration through kernel tissues and its presence in embryo and endosperm were found. In inoculated spikes reduction of grains number and weight in relation to the control was noted. The most resistant triticale cultivar appeared to be Grado and the most susceptible - Salvo.
