The power of connections: Psychological sense of community as a predictor of volunteerism.

Two studies explored psychological antecedents of volunteerism, including several dispositional constructs and psychological sense of community (PSOC). In Study 1, 140 retirees completed measures of empathy, self-esteem, generativity, and PSOC, as well as involvement in volunteer organizations and weekly volunteering hours at two points in time. PSOC predicted concurrent and future volunteerism even after controlling for the other predictors. In Study 2 (n = 427), PSOC and measures of environmental concern and connectedness were used to predict current environmental volunteerism and activism. PSOC was the only measure reliably and uniquely related to these behaviors. Across two different domains and operationalizations of PSOC, the findings support the validity and utility of PSOC for understanding general and issue-specific volunteerism. More generally, they highlight social relationships and psychological connections as potential pathways to volunteerism and social action.

C-SIDE: drinking simulation for college students.

OBJECTIVE: Our goals were to develop a realistic simulation of collegiate drinking contexts and evaluate the predictive validity of this methodology. METHOD: After methods development, 88 incoming students (61% women) completed measures of alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancies and motives, and the Collegiate-Simulated Intoxication Digital Elicitation (C-SIDE). Eight months later, students reported recent drinking behavior and alcohol-related consequences. RESULTS: Willingness to drink alcohol on the C-SIDE predicted high-risk drinking at the end of the students' first year above and beyond baseline consumption. Accepting offers of food/nonalcoholic beverages across contexts predicted lower scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test 8 months later. Drinking game contexts elicited different levels of behavioral willingness; a game with explicit heckling elicited less drinking willingness than one in a smaller and more casual environment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the integration of social context into the assessment of alcohol-related decision making and the further development of strategies to understand context-dependent phenomena.