ABSTRACT
We developed a simple method for the identification of Candida glabrata on the basis of the ability of this species to rapidly assimilate trehalose but not sucrose. After incubation of yeasts with Rosco diagnostic tablets containing sucrose or trehalose, identification of C. glabrata was achieved in 4 h with 100% sensitivity and specificity.
Subject(s)
Candida/classification , Candida/metabolism , Sucrose/metabolism , Trehalose/metabolism , Candidiasis/diagnosis , Candidiasis/microbiology , Humans , Mycological Typing Techniques , Sensitivity and Specificity , TabletsABSTRACT
Karyotypic abnormalities were compared in 42 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients at diagnosis and in relapse. Clonal changes were observed in 21 cases. The types of changes were the appearance of clonal abnormalities in relapse in four patients without clonal changes at diagnosis, the detection of new abnormalities superimposed on preexisting ones in 11 cases, and the selection of an abnormal clone in six others. Nonclonal structural abnormalities, mainly involving chromosomes 17 and 12p, were detected in relapse in 17 patients, compared to seven at diagnosis. The appearance of totally new clonal changes at relapse and the role of individual sensitivity to chemotherapy are discussed.
Subject(s)
Leukemia/genetics , Acute Disease , Adult , Bone Marrow/pathology , Child , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Disorders , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Leukemia/blood , Leukocytes/cytology , Male , Recurrence , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Cytogenetic studies were performed in the same laboratory on 519 untreated cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) between 1977 and 1985. The overall incidence of clonal chromosome abnormalities was 54.3%; higher in children (67.5%) than in adults (50.4%). The distribution of chromosome abnormalities was uneven, according to the categories of the FAB nomenclature. The highest frequency of chromosome changes was observed in ANLL-M3 and the lowest in M1 and M6. The frequency of specific chromosome abnormalities and of their associated changes were also estimated. Monosomy 7 was detected in three patients with acute megakaryocytic leukemia (M7). Six cases with two abnormal chromosomally unrelated clones were observed and six constitutional chromosome abnormalities were detected. A clearer knowledge of the incidence of various chromosomal changes in ANLL seems necessary for better differentiation between the so-called primary and secondary chromosome abnormalities and for prognostic evaluation.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Leukemia/genetics , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Bone Marrow/pathology , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Child , Chromosome Deletion , Eosinophilia/pathology , Female , Genetic Markers , Humans , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , TrisomyABSTRACT
Cytogenetic studies were carried out on stimulated lymphocyte cultures of patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Of 32 patients studied, seven had a hereditary carcinoma, and five had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and two had type 2B. Neither a constitutional chromosome abnormality nor an increase in chromosomal breakage were detected in these patients.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia/genetics , Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome #12 (12p) were found in 18 patients, 7 with previously untreated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and 11 with dysmyelopoietic syndromes (MDS) or ANLL following treatment for another malignant disease. The chromosome #12 abnormality was a partial deletion in 15 patients and a translocation in 3. The 12p- was the sole chromosomal abnormality in seven patients (four with de novo ANLL) and was associated with other chromosome abnormalities in eight patients. Thus, partial monosomy for 12p was often associated with other chromosomal changes and was a secondary abnormality in some cases. The consequences of this hemizygosity for genes located at 12p are discussed with references to the possible expression of a potentially mutated recessive gene. The study of c-K-ras 2, normally located at 12p, must be done in such cases, as the association of secondary blood disorders and multiple chromosome abnormalities suggests a possible mutation of this c-oncogene on chromosome #12.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X , Leukemia/genetics , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Proto-OncogenesABSTRACT
Normal and abnormal results of chromosome studies performed on 101 acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) patients were compared according to the bone marrow and/or blood cell culture times. A higher proportion of abnormal karyotypes was observed after culture than on direct preparations in acute promyelocytic leukemia and in acute myeloblastic leukemia with t(8-21) translocation; in some cases the chromosome abnormality seen after culture was not detected with the direct technique. No clear-cut differences in chromosome studies resulted when the differing techniques were applied to other forms of ANLL. In contrast the classification of individual patients into AA and AN categories differed in some cases when determined by direct or culture techniques. These results have to be taken into consideration in the study of relationships between chromosome anomalies and prognosis.
