Attenuation by leptin of the effects of fasting on ovarian function in hens (Gallus domesticus).

Thirty-four-week-old laying hens received injections of recombinant chicken leptin to assess the role of leptin in avian ovarian function. In the first experiment, the hens (n=60) were divided into three groups: (i). fed ad libitum; (ii). fasted; and (iii). fasted + leptin. Hens were fasted for 5 days and those treated with leptin received 250 microg leptin kg-1 body weight twice a day, i.p. In the second experiment, the hens (n=72) were divided into four groups: (i). fed ad libitum; (ii). fasted; (iii). fasted + leptin given only during fasting (5 days); or (iv). fasted and leptin given during both fasting and 5 days of re-feeding (10 days). LH was measured in blood plasma, and progesterone and oestradiol were measured in blood plasma and the ovary by radioimmunoassay. Apoptosis was examined in the walls of the three largest yellow hierarchical follicles (F3-F1; F38-12 mm), and the granulosa layer of F3 follicles. The expression of leptin receptor in the granulosa layer of F2 and F1 follicles was barely detectable. This was in contrast to a much higher expression of leptin receptor maintained in the theca layer of F3-F1 follicles. The present results indicate that in chickens leptin might be involved in the adaptation to starvation due to attenuation of follicular apoptosis. The presence of leptin receptors in the ovary indicates the possibility of a peripheral effect of the hormone.