Click Dehydrogenation of Carbon-Substituted nido-5,6-C2B8H12 Carboranes: A General Route to closo-1,2-C2B8H10 Derivatives.

Triethylamine-catalyzed dehydrogenation of carbon-disubstituted dicarbaboranes 5,6-R2-nido-5,6-C2B8H10 [1, where R = H (1a), Me (1b), and Ph (1c)] in refluxing acetonitrile leads to a high-yield (up to 85-95%) formation of a series of dicarbaboranes 1,2-R2-closo-1,2-C2B8H8 (2). The monosubstituted 6-R-nido-5,6-C2B8H11 (3) analogues [where R = Ph (3a), naph (1-naphthyl; 3b), Bu (3c)] afforded 1-R-1,2-closo C2B8H9 (4) isomers [where R = Ph (4a), naph (4b), n-Bu (4c)] as the main products; compounds 4a and 4c were accompanied by 2-R-1,2-C2B8H9 (5) isomers (total yields up to 90%), with the 4/5 molar ratio being strongly dependent on the nature of R (4:1 and 1:1, respectively). All of these cage-closure reactions are supposed to proceed via the stage of the corresponding Et3NH(+) salts of nido anions [5,6-R2-5,6-C2B8H9](-) (1(-)) and [6-R-5,6-C2B8H10](-) (3(-)), which lose H2 and Et3N upon heating (dehydrodeamination). The cage-closure mechanisms leading to closo isomers 2, 4, and 5 have been substantiated by B3LYP/6-31+G* calculations of the reaction profile for a simple 1a(-) → 2a + H(-) conversion. All of the compounds isolated have been characterized by multinuclear ((11)B, (1)H, and (13)C) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses, and the structure of 1-Ph-closo-1,2-C2B8H9 (4a) was established by an X-ray diffraction study.

2-[2,6-Bis(propan-2-yl)phen-yl]-1,3-di-cyclo-hexyl-guanidine.

In the title asymmetric di-cyclo-hexyl-phenyl-guanidine, C25H41N3, the central guanidine C atom deviates by only 0.004 (2) Šfrom the central plane defined by the three N atoms. The benzene and the cyclo-hexyl rings are rotated out of the central plane of the N3C unit by 85.63 (12)° (benzene) and 51.52 (9) and 49.37 (12)° (cyclohexyl). The crystal packing features only by van der Waals inter-actions.

The dominant role of chalcogen bonding in the crystal packing of 2D/3D aromatics.

The chalcogen bond is a nonclassical σ-hole-based noncovalent interaction with emerging applications in medicinal chemistry and material science. It is found in organic compounds, including 2D aromatics, but has so far never been observed in 3D aromatic inorganic boron hydrides. Thiaboranes, harboring a sulfur heteroatom in the icosahedral cage, are candidates for the formation of chalcogen bonds. The phenyl-substituted thiaborane, synthesized and crystalized in this study, forms sulfur⋅⋅⋅π type chalcogen bonds. Quantum chemical analysis revealed that these interactions are considerably stronger than both in their organic counterparts and in the known halogen bond. The reason is the existence of a highly positive σ-hole on the positively charged sulfur atom. This discovery expands the possibilities of applying substituted boron clusters in crystal engineering and drug design.

Straightforward synthesis of novel cyclic metallasiloxanes supported by an N,C,N-chelating ligand.

The reaction of an N,C,N-intramolecularly coordinated tin(IV) carbonate LSn(Ph)(CO3) (1) and antimony(III) and bismuth(III) oxides (LMO)2 (where M = Sb (2), Bi (3) and L = C6H3-2,6-(CH2NMe2)2) with (HO)SiPh2(O)SiPh2(OH) in 1 : 1 (in the case of 1) or 1 : 2 molar ratio (in the cases of 2 and 3) gave the metallasiloxanes cyclo-LSn(Ph)(OSiPh2)2O (4) and cyclo-LM(OSiPh2)2O (where M = Sb (6) and Bi (7)) containing six-membered MSi2O3 rings. Alternatively, the compounds 4, 6 and 7 can be also prepared reacting Ph2Si(OH)2 and compounds 1, 2 and 3, respectively, in the molar ratio of either 2 : 1 (for 4) or 4 : 1 (for 6 and 7). The reaction of Ph2Si(OH)2 with 1 in 1 : 1 molar ratio gave cyclo-Ph2Si(OSnL(Ph)O)2SiPh2 (5) containing an eight-membered Sn2Si2O4 stannasiloxane ring. The analogous eight-membered stibasiloxane derivative cyclo-Ph2Si(OSbLO)2SiPh2 (8) was obtained as well, while attempts to synthesize the bismuth analogue failed. Compounds 1-3 react with the siloxane cyclo-(Me2SiO)3 providing either eight-membered metallasiloxanes cyclo-LSn(Ph)(OSiMe2O)2SiMe2 (9) and cyclo-LSb(OSiMe2O)2SiMe2 (10) or the six-membered bismutasiloxane cyclo-LBi(OSiMe2)2O (11). All compounds were characterized with the help of elemental analysis, (1)H, (13)C, (29)Si and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses (except 9 and 10).

Carbon insertion into arachno-6,9-C2B8H14 via acyl chlorides. skeletal alkylcarbonation (SAC) reactions: a new route for tricarbollides.

Reactions between arachno-6,9-C2B8H14 (1) and selected acyl chlorides, RCOCl, in the presence of PS (PS = "proton sponge", 1,8-dimethylamino naphthalene) in CH2Cl2 for 24 h at reflux, followed by in situ acidification with concentrated H2SO4 at 0 °C, generate a series of neutral alkyl and aryl tricarbollides 8-R-nido-7,8,9-C3B8H11 (2) (where R = CH3, 2a; C2H5, 2b; n-C4H9, 2c; C6H5, 2d; 4-Cl-C6H4, 2e; 4-Br-C6H4, 2f; 4-I-C6H4, 2g; 1-C10H7, 2h; and 2-C10H7, 2i). The best yields were achieved for aryl derivatives (80-95%) while the yields of the corresponding alkyl substituted compounds are lower (60-70%). These skeletal alkylcarbonation (SAC) reactions are consistent with an aldol-type condensation between the RCO group and open-face hydrogen atoms on the dicarbaborane 1, which is associated with the insertion of the carbonyl carbon atom into the structure of arachno-6,9-C2B8H14 (1) under elimination of three extra hydrogen atoms as H2O and HCl. The reactions thus result in an effective R-tricarbaborane cross-coupling. Individual compounds of structure 2 have been purified by chromatography on a silica gel support, using hexane as the mobile phase (R(F) = ∼0.3). Deprotonation agents, such as NEt3, NaOH, NaH, etc., convert tricarbaboranes 2 into the corresponding conjugated anions [8-R-nido-7,8,9-C3B8H10](-) (2(-)) which were isolated as salts with suitable countercations (for example, Et3NH(+), Tl(+), NEt4(+), etc.). The compounds have been characterized by multinuclear ((11)B, (1)H, and (13)C) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. The structures of anions [8-R-nido-7,8,9-C3B8H10]¯ (where R = C6H5, 4-I-C6H4 and 1-C10H7; 2a(-), 2g(-), and 2h(-)) and that of the neutral 8-(1-C10H7)-nido-7,8,9-C3B8H11 (2h) have been established by X-ray diffraction analyses.

Activation of E-Cl bonds (E = C, Si, Ge and Sn) by a C,N-chelated stannylene.

The reactivity of (L(CN))(2)Sn (1) (where L(CN) is 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl-) towards various substrates containing E­Cl bond(s) has been studied (E = C, Si, Ge and Sn). Alkyl chlorides like chloroform or dichloromethane reacts with 1 to form (L(CN))(2)SnCl(2) and unidentified by-products in poor yields. The reaction of benzoyl chloride with 1 at low temperature yielded a thermally unstable product (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)C(O)Ph (2) which was isolated and characterized by both multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The vicinity of the central tin atom in 2 reveals trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Attempts to oxidize 2 by dioxygen to give the corresponding organotin(IV) benzoate failed. On the other hand, the reaction of the in situ prepared (L(CN))(2)Sn=O (synthesized by the reaction of 1 with dioxygen) with PhCOCl resulted in the formation of the desired organotin(IV) benzoate (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)C(=O)OPh (3). The reaction of 1 with Ph3GeCl yielded triphenylgermyl-substituted diorganotin(IV) chloride (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)GePh(3) (4) which subsequently gave mixed diorganotin(IV) chloride-oxide [(L(CN))(2)SnCl](2)O (5) upon loss of the GePh(3) moiety in the air. When the same reaction was carried out in benzene instead of chloroform a unique [Ph(3)Ge](4)[Sn(6)O(8)] cluster (6) was obtained. Similarly, the reaction of 1 with Ph3SiCl provided triphenylsilyl-substituted diorganotin(IV) chloride (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)SiPh(3) (7) which was then oxidized to (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)OSiPh(3) (8). The unprecedented reaction of 1 with (n-Bu)(3)SnCl provided the distannane (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)SnBu(3) (9) which could be oxidized by dioxygen to a distannoxane (L(CN))(2)Sn(Cl)OSnBu(3) (10). In addition, the solid-state structures of 3, 5, 6 and 8 were determined by the X-ray diffraction techniques.

{(S)-2-[({2-[1-(Anthracen-9-ylmeth-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido]-phen-yl}(phen-yl)methyl-idene)amino]-acetato(2-)-κ(4)N,N',N'',O(1)}nickel(II).

The title compound, [Ni(C(35)H(29)N(3)O(3))], includes a Schiff base ligand derived from (S)-1-[(anthracen-9-yl)meth-yl]-N-(2-benz-oyl-phen-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide and glycine. The Ni(II) atom is coordinated by three N atoms [Ni-N = 1.937 (3), 1.850 (3) and 1.850 (3) Å] and one O atom [Ni-O = 1.859 (2) Å], resulting in a pseudo-square-planar coordination environment.

Direct and facile synthesis of carbon substituted alkylhydroxy derivatives of cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide), versatile building blocks for synthetic purposes.

Reactions of lithiated cobalt bis(1,2-dicarbollide)(1(-)) anion (1(-)) in presence of paraformaldehyde, ethylene oxide or trimethylene oxide led to the substitution of 1(-) at the C-atoms resulting in the high yield formation of monosubstituted alkylhydroxy derivatives [(1-HO(CH(2))(n)-1,2-C(2)B(9)H(10))(1',2'-C(2)B(9)H(11))-3,3'-Co(III)](-) (n = 1-3) isolated as caesium salts (Cs2, Cs3, Cs4) along with disubstituted products of general formulation [(HO(CH(2))(n)-1,2-C(2)B(9)H(10))(2)-3,3'-Co(III)](-) (n = 1-3) (Cs5, Cs6 and Cs7). Disubstituted compounds are in fact a mixture of diastereoisomers denoted as 1,1'-anti(rac-), 1,2'-syn- and in case of Cs6 and Cs7 also 1,2-vicinal-isomer, from which only the anti-isomer could be isolated in pure form in case of shorter chain compounds Cs5 and Cs6. All these alkylhydroxy derivatives can serve as versatile precursors for the generation of a variety of functional molecules. Thus, reaction of Me(3)NH4 with NaH and one equivalent of POCl(3) provided after hydrolysis the phosphorylated [(1-(HO)(2)P(O)OC(3)H(6)-1,2-C(2)B(9)H(10))(1',2'-C(2)B(9)H(11))-3,3'-Co(III)](-) derivative, isolated in the form of trimethylammonium salt, Me(3)NH8 as the main product whereas reaction with half of the equivalent produces a high yield of phosphoric acid diester (Me(3)NH)(2)9 comprising in its structure two cages connected via propyl spacers to the central part. The calcium salt Ca(10)(2) of bridged ion [µ-(HOP(O)(OC(3)H(6))(2))-(1,2-C(2)B(9)H(10))(2)-3,3'-Co(III)](-) resulted from reaction of Me(3)NH7 with NaH and one equivalent of POCl(3) followed by hydrolysis and addition of CaCl(2). All new compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and the structure of Me(3)NH3 and that of the respective salts of the pure anti-stereoisomer of dialkylhydroxy derivatives Cs5 and Me(3)NH6 were established by X-ray crystallography.

Half-pseudoferrocene cations from nucleophilic addition of o-carboranyl anions to the [(η6-mesitylene)2Fe](2+) dication.

Reactions between the mesitylene (mes) dication [(η(6)-mes)(2)Fe](2+) (1a) [(PF(6)(-))(2) salt] and lithium o-carboranes Li[1-R-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(11)] (2) (R = H, 2a; Me, 2b; Ph, 2c) at low temperature (-60 °C, 1 h, followed by stirring for 2 h at r.t.) in THF resulted in a clean addition of the corresponding carborane anions to one of the unsubstituted arene sites in 1a, forming a series of orange monocations of general structure [(η(5)-mes-exo-6-{2-R-1,2-C(2)B(10)H(11)})Fe(η(6)-mes)](+) (3) (R = H, 3a; Me, 3b; Ph, 3c) which were isolated as PF(6)(-) salts (3PF(6)) in yields ranging 50-75%. Individual complexes were obtained on purification by LC or preparative TLC on a silica gel substrate, using MeCN-CH(2)Cl(2) mixtures as the mobile phase. Interestingly, the room-temperature reaction between 2a (threefold excess) and 1a(PF(6))(2) with a reverse order of addition of the reaction components yielded an orange salt [(η(5)-mes-exo-6-{1,2-C(2)B(10)H(11)})Fe(η(6)-mes)](+)[closo-nido-H(11)B(10)C(2)-C(2)B(10)H(12)](-) (3acCA) (cCA = conjucto-carborane anion = [closo-nido-H(11)B(10)C(2)-C(2)B(10)H(12)](-)) as a sole product in 71% yield. The formation of this conjucto anion can be taken as a strong support for the participation of a radical-chain mechanism in the ostensible nucleophilic addition which we suppose to be initiated by the formation of the [(mes)(2)Fe(+)]˙ radical cation. The structures of both 3PF(6) and 3acCA have been established by X-ray diffraction and the constitution of all compounds isolated is in agreement with elemental analyses, multinuclear NMR data, and MS spectra.

Reactivity of lithium n-butyl amidinates towards group 14 metal(II) chlorides providing series of hetero- and homoleptic tetrylenes.

The new class of homo- and heteroleptic n-butyl-N,N'-disubstituted amidinato group 14 metal(II) complexes were prepared by salt elimination from starting lithium amidinates and metal(II) chlorides both in stoichiometric ratio 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. The target amidinates contain less bulky isopropyl or cyclohexyl as well as a sterically demanding aromatic substituent. Desired 1:1 Pb(II) complexes are not accessible by the described procedure. Ligand transfer from Pb to Sn is taking place if homoleptic Pb(II) compounds are reacted with SnCl(2). Prepared tetrylenes were characterized by (1)H, (13)C, (119)Sn and (207)Pb NMR spectroscopy in C(6)D(6) or THF-d(8). X-Ray diffraction studies of one heteroleptic Ge(II) monomeric where the coordination polyhedron of the three coordinated germanium atoms is a trigonal pyramid, two different dimeric structures of heteroleptic Sn(II) complexes, one amidine hydroiodide byproduct and the oxidation product of the heteroleptic chloro Sn(II) amidinate as a tetranuclear species with two Sn(IV) and two Sn(II) atoms in central Sn(2)O(2) planar ring were performed on appropriate single crystals. The dimer of one of the heteroleptic stannylenes reveals a new type of monomeric units connection, weak Sn-Cl contact and an interaction of the tin atom with delocalized N-C(C)-N system of the amidinato ligand of the second molecule.

Intramolecularly coordinated organotin tellurides: stable or unstable?

The step-wise oxidation of an organotin(I) compound with elemental tellurium gave a variety of unprecedented organotin tellurides containing tin atoms in the oxidation states +II and +IV.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of new substituted anilides of quinaldic acid.

In this study a one step method for the preparation of substituted anilides of quinoline-2-carboxylic acid was developed. This efficient innovative approach is based on the direct reaction of an acid or ester with substituted anilines using microwave irradiation. The optimized method was used for the synthesis of a series of eighteen substituted quinoline-2-carboxanilides. The molecular structure of N-(4-bromophenyl)quinoline-2-carboxamide as a model compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group with four molecules within the unit cell and the total structure of the compound can be described as "a slightly screwed boat".

4,5-Diiodo-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole.

The structure of the title compound, C(9)H(6)I(2)N(2), contains two symmetry-independent mol-ecules. The inter-planar angles between the imidazole and phenyl ring planes are 16.35 (3) and 17.48 (6)°. Mol-ecules are connected via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form zigzag chains along the b axis. The title compound is the first example of a structurally characterized 4,5-diiodo-imidazole with an organic substituent in the 2-position and without protection on the N-H group of imidazole.

Dichloridobis{2-[(dimethyl-amino)-meth-yl]phen-yl}bis-{2-[(dimethyl-aza-nium-yl)meth-yl]phen-yl}di-µ-hydroxido-di-µ(3)-oxido-tetra-phenyl-tetra-tin(IV) dichloride deuterochloro-form deca-solvate.

The ladder-like structure of the tetranuclear title compound, [Sn(4)(C(6)H(5))(4)Cl(2)O(2)(OH)(2)(C(9)H(13)N)(2)(C(9)H(12)N)(2)]Cl(2)·10CDCl(3), consists of two five- and two six-coordinated Sn(IV) atoms bridged by oxide or hydroxide groups. The chelating ligands reveal rather strong Sn-N bonds [2.517 (4) Å], but the protonated dimethylamino groups in the periphery of the complex show no interaction with the metal atoms. The complex cation is located on an inversion centre. The chloride anion is linked to the complex mol-ecule by strong intra-molecular O-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Five independent deuterochloroform accompany the complex, two of them are disordered [occupancy ratios 0.63 (2):0.27 (2) and 0.60 (2):0.40 (2)].

[2-((R)-{2-[(S)-1-Benzylpyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonylazanidyl]-phen-yl}(phen-yl)methyl-idene-amino)-4-hy-droxy-butano-ato-κN,N',N'',O]nickel(II) toluene disolvate.

The central Ni atom in the title compound, [Ni(C(29)H(29)N(3)O(4))]·2C(7)H(8), is coordinated in a distorted square-planar environment by three N atoms [Ni-N = 1.942 (3), 1.843 (3) and 1.853 (3) Å] and one O atom [1.868 (3) Å] of the tetradentate ligand. The conformation of the hy-droxy-butano-ate side chain is controlled by an inter-molecular hydrogen bond.

Tetrylenes chelated by hybrid amido-amino ligand: derivatives of 2-[(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl]aniline.

Reaction of 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]aniline with butyllithium, followed by conversion with trimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, triphenylgermyl, trimethylstannyl, or tri-n-butylstannyl chloride, gives the corresponding substituted aniline. These compounds were further deprotonated by butyllithium and reacted with germanium, tin, and lead dichlorides, respectively, in both stoichiometric ratios 2:1 and 1:1, providing the target homo- ([2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4)(YR(3))N](2)M) and heteroleptic ([2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4)(YR(3))N]MCl) germylenes and stannylenes, where M = Ge, Sn, Y = Si, Ge, and R = Me, Ph. Unlike all of these cases, the heteroleptic plumbylene can only be obtained with this reaction when the amide is substituted by a trimethylsilyl moiety. Anilines substituted by trimethyltin or tri-n-butyltin moieties gave transmetalation products after the second deprotonation by butyllithium. The trimethyltin-substituted stannylenes could likewise not be obtained by hexamethyldisilazane elimination of (trimethylstannyl)-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]aniline with 0.5 mol equiv of either bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]tin or {bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]tin chloride}. Products of these reactions are heterocubanes with compositions {[2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4)N]Sn}(4) and [2-(Me(2)NCH(2))C(6)H(4)N](2)(µ(2)-SnMe(2))(2), respectively, and Me(4)Sn or Me(3)SnCl. The structures of trimethylsilyl- and triphenylgermyl-substituted germylenes, stannylenes, and plumbylenes, as well as a number of their precursors, in the crystalline state, were investigated by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy in solution. Density functional theory methods were used for evaluation of the structures of several compounds.

1,3-substituted imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones: synthesis and inhibition of cholinergic enzymes.

A series of novel and highly active acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors derived from substituted benzothiazoles containing an imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione moiety were synthesized and characterized. The molecular structure of 1-(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-3-[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)ethyl]-imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione (3g) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both optical isomers are present as two independent molecules in the triclinic crystal system. The lipophilicity of the compounds was determined as the partition coefficient log K(ow) using the traditional shake-flask method. The in vitro inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase from electric eel and butyrylcholinesterase isolated from equine serum was determined. The inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase was significantly higher than that of the standard drug rivastigmine. The discussed compounds are also promising inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase, as some of the prepared compounds inhibit butyrylcholinesterase better than the internal standards rivastigmine and galanthamine. The highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.66 µmol/L) corresponds to the compound 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3-[(R)-1-(6-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione (3d). For all the studied compounds, the relationships between the lipophilicity and the chemical structure as well as their structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Highly enantioselective nitroaldol reactions catalyzed by copper(II) complexes derived from substituted 2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazolidin-4-one ligands.

Ten optically pure substituted 2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazolidin-4-ones, 1a-d, 2a-4a, and 2b-4b, were prepared and characterized. The absolute configurations of individual ligands were determined by X-ray analysis or NOESY experiments. The Cu(II) complexes of the respective ligands were studied as enantioselective catalysts of the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of aldehydes with nitromethane, giving the corresponding substituted 2-nitroalkanols. In the case of an anti arrangement of the imidazolidin-4-one ring, the obtained result was 91-96% ee, whereas in the case of syn arrangement, a significant drop to 25-27% ee was observed.

Thermal isomerization of η6-arene ferradicarbolllides. Experimental proof for isolobal relation between (η6-arene)Fe and (η5-cyclopentadienyl)Co cluster units.

The heating of selected [1-(η(6)-arene)-closo-1,2,3-FeC(2)B(9)H(11)] complexes resulted in the thermal rearrangement and isolation of the corresponding 1,2,4-, 1,2,7-, and 1,2,8-cage isomers. Demonstrated here is a similar rearrangement and the NMR behaviour for isostructural [1-(η(5)-cyclopentadienyl)-closo-1,2,3-CoC(2)B(9)H(11)] compounds.